
Bill 



.v.. 




(Jass_\ 

Book i 1 

PRESENTED BY 

! 



THE 



PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST; 



RECORDER AND DELINEATOR 

OF THE 

CHARACTER AND TALENTS 



As marked by 





A COMPENDIUM 



PHRENO-ORGAN1C SCIENCE. 

BY 

O. S. FOWLER, 

PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST, LECTURER, FORMER EDITOR OP " AMERICAN PHRENOLOGICAL JOURN 

AND AUTHOR OF " FOWLER ON PHRENOLOGY," " FOWLER ON PHYSIOLOGY, " " SELF-CULTURB ' 

"MEMORY," "RELIGION," "MATRIMONY," "HEREDITARY DESCENT," "LOVE AND 

PAJtENTAGE," "MATERNITY," " AMATIVENESS," "SELF INSTRUCTOR," "flOUt 

FOR ALL," "ANSWER TO HAMILTON," " Y1NDEX," ETC., ETC., ETC 



BOSTON: 
O. S. FOWLER. 514 TREMONT STREET. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by 

0. S. FOWLEB, 

to the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the District of Maiwaeha 

GIFT 

BERTRAM SMITH 



:- *<.' •• f£i 



RIVERSIDE, CAJCBRTTCE " 

S?XRE0TTPED AND PEISTBt fl S 

U. 0. HOUGHTOX ASTO COMPANi. 




NAMES, NUMBERING, AND DEFINITIONS OF TIIE FACULTIES. 



Amativeness. — Sexual love, fondness, passion. 
Conjugality. — The pairing instinct, one love. 
Parental Love. — Care for offspring, and young. 
Friendship. — Sociability, clinging to friends. 
Inhabitivenkss. — Love of home, patriotism. 
Continuiti . — Application, finishing, continuing. 
Vitati veness. — Clinging to life, resisting disease. 
Combativeness. — Defense, courage, force, etc. 
Destructiveness. — Executiveness, severity. 
Alimentiveness. — Appetite, relish, greediness. 
Acquisitiveness. — Frugality, saving, industry. 
Secretiveness. — Self-control, policy, art, tact. 
Cautiousness. — Quardedness, safety, pruder ce. 
Approbati veness. — Pride of character, honor. 
Selp-Ksteem. — Self-respect, dignity, authority. 
Firmness. — Stability, perseverance, willfulness. 
Conscientiousness. — Duty, right, truth, justice. 
Hope. — Expectation, anticipation, enterprise. 
Spirituality. — Intuition, prescience, faith. 
Vbneratio* — Worship, adoration, obedience. 
»k\e'('i;.k>or — Sviupathy, kirt'Jntuw goodness 



Constrccttveness. — Ingenuity, invention. 
Ideality.— Taste, love of beauty, poetry 
Sublimity. — Love of grandeur, vastness, etc 
Imitation. — Copying, aptitude, miniickry. 
Mirth. — Fun, wit, ridicule, facetiousne«« 
Individuality. — Observation, desire to see. 
Form. — Memory of shape, looks, persons. 
Size. — Measurement of quantity, distance 
Weight. — Control of motion, balancing. 
Color. — Discernment and love of colors. 
Order. — Method, system, doing by rule. 
Calculation. — Mental arithmetic, reckoning 
Locality. — Memory of pice, position, etc. 
Eventuality. — Memory of "acts, events, etc. 
Time. — Telling when, time of day, date**, etc 
Tune. — Musical love, ecstiV", and talent 
Language. — Expression jy words, acts, etc. 
Causality. — Planning, thinking, reason, sens* 
Comparison. — Analysis, inferring, critic. 
Human Nature. — Perception of character. 
Suavity ~ Pleasantness blaudness. blamar 



BUSINESS ADAPTATIONS 





IN A SCAL? FROM 1 TO 7. 




Artistical. 


Retail Dealer. 


^Reporter. 


Shipbuilder. 


Architect. 


Wholesale do. 


*7 Teacher 
/ Writer. 


Upholsterer. 


Designer. 


Dealer in — 


Manufacturer of— 


Engraver. 


Boots, shoes. 




Boots, shoes. 


Musician. 


Leather. 


Mechanical. 


Fancy Articles. 


Music Teacher. 


Cattle, horses. 


Baker. 


Furniture. 


Painter, Orna- 


Coal, lumber. 


Blacksmith. 


Trunks, harness. 


mental. / 


Dry-goods. 


Boss Workman. 


Useful Articles. 


do., Portra . 


Fancy Articles. 


Builder. 




Photographc*. 


Grain, groceries 


Carpenter. 


Scientific. 




Hardware. 


Chandler. 


Anatomist. 


- ^Commercial. 


Implements. 


Compositor. 


Captain. 


/ Accountant. 


Jewelry. 


Contractor. 


Chemist. 


Agent. 


Marketing. 


Cooper. 


Commander. 


Appraiser. 


Useful Articles. 


Dairyman. 


Engineer. 


Auctioneer. 




Dentist. 


Geologist. 


Banker. 


Professional. Dressmaker. 


Manager R. R. 


Bookseller. 


Actor. 


Farmer. 


do., of Workmen. 


Broker. 


Author. 


Finisher. 


Miner. 


Business Corres. 


Bishop. 


Gardener. 


Naturalist. 


Cashier. 


Clergyman. 


Gunsmith. 


Phrenologist. 


Collector. 


Conveyancer. 


Gas Fitter. 


Physician. 


Commis. Mer. 


Correspondent. 


Inventor. 


Representative. 


Conductor. 


Editor. 


Laborer. 


Secretary. 


^ / Druggist. 
| Expressman. 


Elocutionist. 


Locksmith. 


Surgeon. 


Governor. 


Machinist. 


Surveyor. 


Importer. 


Governess. 


Mason. 


Statesman. 


Insurance. 


Historian. 


Miller. 




Landlord. 


Judge. 


Milliner. 


Miscellaneous. 


Merchant. 


Lawyer. 


Paperer. 


Fisherman. 


Principal. 


Lecturer. 


Plumber. 


Housekeeper. 


Publisher 


Literature. 


Printer. 


Livery Keeper. 


Salesman. 


Linguist. 


Tailor. 


Matron. 


Shipping Clerk. 


Officer. 


Tanner. 


Nurse. 


Speculator. 


Poet. 


Tinsmith. 


Restaurant. 


do., Real Estate. 


Politician. 


Turner. 


Teamster. 


Superintendent. 


Professor. 


Seamstress. 


Waiter. 


Trader. 


Proof-reader. 


Stonecutter. 


Watchman. 

Complexion 


Marry one 


In Size e# 


Height \f 



CONDITIONS, ^y 


7 

Very 
Large. 


6 

Large. 


5 

Full. 


4 

Aver- 
age. 


3 

Moder- 
ate. 


2 

^ i 
Small. ; 


Culti- 
vate. 


Re- 
strain. 


Many 

one 
having 


Size of Brain, *■$ 

Organic Quality 

Health 


PAGE 

6 

16 


7 


7 


7 


V 8 


8 








V 17 


17 


17 


17 


17 


17 


IS 

22 




21 


21 

25 


21 

26 


N 21 


22 


22 


^22 


<> 


Vital Power, 

Breathing Power 

Circulatory Power. . . . 

Digestive Power 

Motive Power, 
Mental Power, 

Activity 


25 
28 


^26 


26 


26 


29 
N 32 


27 


(a 


28 


29 


29 


29 


29 


c 


30 


30 


31 


30 


^ 30 


30 1 


31 


31 

— • — 
34 


31 


31 


N. 31 


31 


32 

i 


33 


■ 


35 


m 


36 


36 


37 


38 


38 




39 


V 40 
46 


41 


41 


41 


41 ! 

| 


37 

47 


47 
47 




X 46 


46 


46 


46 


47 




Excitability 


47 


V 48 


48 


48 


48 


48 


4S 


48 




Domestic Group. 

1. Amativeness 

2. Conjugality 

3. Parental Love 

4. Friendship 


66 


6e 


. m 


66 
™9 


66 


65 








67 


68 
72 


69 


70 


70 ik 71 


71 




72 


72 


72 


^ 73 


73 


- 7S 


73 


c 


74 


74 


^75 


85 


75 


75 


76 


76 




76 
79 

80 


77 


71 


--T 8 


78 


78' 


78 


78 




5. Inhabitiveness 

6. Continuity 


79 


^79 


80 


80 


J 


80 


80 
82 


— ,.ll 


80 

82 


81 


^81 


81 


81! 
83' 
84 

~7t 


82 


Selfish Group. 

7. Vitativeness 

8. Combativeness 

9. Destructiveness 

10. Alimentiveness 

11 Acquisitiveness 

12. Secretiveness 

13- Cautiousness 

14. Approbativeness 

15. Self -Esteem 


82 


^83 


83 


88 


83 
84 


88 


^84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 

87 


v. 85 


85 


86 


86 


87 
89 


87 




88 


88 


^89 


89 


89 


90 


90 




91 


O 1 


91 


91 


91 


91 


92 


92 




94 


«^ 94 


95 


95 


95 


95 


96 


96 




97 

99 


97 


97 
101 


98 


^98 


98' 

1 


«v" 


99 




^100 


101 


101 


10! 


102 


102 




^102 


103 


103 


103 


104 


104 


104 


104 




105 


105 


106 


106 


106 


Xip7. 


.107 


107 




16. Firmness 


108 


^J08 


109 


109 


109 


109 : 109 


109 




Moral Group. 


nof 


•NJ10 


110 


111 


111 


111 


111 


111 





CONDITIONS. 


7 

Very 
Large. 


6 

Large. 


5 

Full. 


4 

Aver- 
age. 


3 

Moder- 
ate. 


*j 1 

Small. 


Culti- 
vate. 


Re- 
strain. 


Marry 

one 
having 


17. Conscientious 

18 Hope 


112 


112 


113 


113 


114 


114 


114 


114 




115 


^115 


116 


116 


116 


117 


117 


in 

119 


I 


19. Spirituality 

20. Veneration 


117 


118 


118 


118 
121 


V 18 


118 

i 


^118 




119 


^120 


121 


121 


121 

1 


121 


121 




21. Benevolence 

Self-Perfectives . 

22. Constructiveness 

23. Ideality 


122 


^123 


123 


123 

124 


123 


1 
123 


123 


124 
125 


■ 


124 


^124 


124 


124 


125 1 
1 


125 


125 
127 


125 


12C 


126 

128 


126 


H 


126 


127 


c 


127 


128 


128 


128 

| 


129 


129 


24. Sublimity 


12S 


129 


130 


130 


130 


130* 

| 


130 


130 


25. Imitation 


130 


131 


132 


13 r 


132 


132 


132 


1£2 


26. Mirthfulness 

Intellectuals. 
Perceptives. 

27. Individuality 

28. Form 


133 


133 


134 


<13-» 


134 


134 

1 


«sJ34 


134 


135 


135 


. 135 


135 


135 
137 


135 


135 


130 


— 


13G 
v 137 


v 13u 

138 


136 


137 


137, 


« 


137 


138 
140 


139 


139 


139 


139 


129 


- 130 


139 


140 


140 


140 


140 






29. Size 


^141 


141 


141 


141 

142 


141 


14l' 

1 


141 


. 142 




30. Weight 

31. Color 


142 
143 


X 142 


142 


143 


143 


14S 
144 


143 




143 


v 144 


144 


144 


144 


144 




32. Order 


144 


^145 


145 


145 


145 


145- 


146 


14G 




33. Calculation 


146 


v 147 


147 


147 


147 


147i 


147 


147 


— 


34. Locality 


147 


147 


148 


148 


148 
149 


1 
148 

1 


148 


148 


Literary Faculties. 


143 


^148 


149 


149 


149' 


149 
151 


149 




149 


^ 149 


150 


150 


150 


151 


151 




33. Time 


151 


151 


> 151 


151 


152 


152 


152 


152 




37. Tune 


152 


152 


^152 


153 


153 


4 

155; 


153 


153 




33. Language 


153 


. 154 


154 


155 


155 


155 


156 




Reflectives. 
39. Causality 


156 


156 


156 


156 


156 


156, 


156 


156 




15: 


157 

159 


^158 


15S 


15S 


158 


i:8 


159 




40. Comparison 


159 


160 


160 


160 


160 1 

1 


160 


160 

162 




41. Human Nature 


131 


>161 


161 


161 


151 


101 1 


161 




[42. Agreeableness 


162 


162 


162 


162 


1<*2 


162 ! 


162 


162 





PREFACE. 



To teach learners those organic conditions which indicate character, is th« 
first object of this manual. And to render it accessible to all, it condenses 
facts and conditions, rather than elaborates arguments, — because to expound 
Phrenology is its highest proof, — states laws and results, and leaves them upon 
their naked merits; embodies recent discoveries, and crowds into the fewest 
words and pages just what learners most need to know, and hence requires to 
be studied rather than merely read. " Short, yet clear," is its motto. Its anal- 
ysis of the faculties and numerous engravings embody the results of observation 
and experience. 

To record character is its second object. In doing this, it describes those 
organic conditions which affect and indicate character in seven degrees of 
power — very large, large, full, average, moderate, small, and very small — in- 
dicated by the seven numerals 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. 

Those organs and conditions marked 7, or very large, are sovereign in their 
influence over character and conduct, and, combining with those marked large, 
direct and control the feelings and actions. Those marked 6, or large, have a 
powerful and almost controlling influence, both singly, and especially in com- 
bination, and press the smaller ones into their service. Those marked 5, or full, 
play subordinate parts, yet their influence is considerable, though more potential 
than apparent. Those marked 4, or average, have only a medium influence, and 
mainly in combination with larger ones. Those marked 3, or moderate, are 
below par in fact, and still more so in appearance; exert but a subordinate in- 
fluence; and leave character defective in these respects. Those marked 2, or 
small, are so deficient as easily to be perceived ; leave their possessor weak and 
faulty in these respects, and should be assiduously cultivated; while those marked 
1 are very small, and render their possessor almost idiotic in these respects. 

Those who have their physiological and phrenological conditions correctly 
marked in the accompanying table, are referred in it to those paragraphs in this 
and the Author's other works which both describe themselves, and also contain 
specific directions how to perfect their characters, and improve children. Its 
plan for recording character is seen at a glance in the following — 

EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. 
The examiner will mark the power, absolute and relative, of each function and 
faculty, by placing a figure, dot, or dash on a line with the name of the organ 
taarked, and in the column headed "large " or "small," according to the size of 
the organ marked, while the printed figure in the square thus marked refers tc 
•hose pages in this book where, under the head "large," "small," etc., will be 



IV 



PREFACE. 



found a description of the character of the one examined in respect to that faculty, 
and at the end of this description, in the book, another figure will be found, which 
refers to Fowler's " Phrenology," a standard work, in which will be found 
an extended description of those shadings of character caused by various combi- 
nations of faculties, while in the two right-hand columns but #ne, in the columns 
headed "cultivate" and "restrain," are figures referring to pages in this work 
where directions for cultivating and restraining may be found; and at the cVfoe 
of these sentences are figures which refer the reader to the numbered paragraph* 
in three books, entitled "Physiology," "Self-culture," and "Memory," called, 
when bound together, " Education Complete," where will be found extended 
directions for self-improvement and the management of children. For example; 



Conditions. 

15. Conscientious- 

ness 

16. Hope 


7 

Very 
Large. 

PAGE 

— llkS 


6 

Large. 


5 

Full. 


4 

Aver- 
age. 


3 

Moder- 
ate. 

. 114 


Small. 


Culti- 
vate. 


Re- 
strain 


Marry 

one 
having 


112 


113 


113 


114 


. 114 


— 117 


. 115 


115 


116 


116 


— 116 


117 


— 114 


. 117 


— 6 



















! This section of the table presupposes that two persons, A and B, have been 
matked upon it, A with a dash, B with a dot, and shows that A's Conscien- 
tiousness is very large, ai.d that his character is described on page 112, under 
the head " very large," and that it should be restrained, which he is told how 
to do in "Education," numbered paragraph 268, under the head "restrain," 
but that Hope is moderate, which is described under " moderate " on page 116, 
and requires to be cultivated, which he is told how to do in "Education," num- 
bered paragraph* 272, under "cultivate;" but that B's Conscientiousness is 
moderate, and is described on page 114, under " moderate," and to be cultiva- 
ted, and is shown how under " cultivate," in paragraph 268 of "Education," 
but that B's Hope is very large, and is described on page 115, under " very 
large," and is to be restrained, see "Education," paragraph 273, under " re- 
strain," and must marry one having Hope large 

The right-hand column, headed " marry one having " shows to what tempera- 
ments and phrenological developments the one marked is best adapted. See the 
Author's work on " The Family." The points left unmarked are less material, 
concerning which choose according to your own tastes. 

Several persons can be marked on one table by using a dot for one, and dashes^ 
horizontal, perpendicular, slanting to the right, left, etc., or different colored 
pencils, for each of the others, so that all the members of a family, or a group of 
friends, can thus be marked on one table, or all transferred from each table to 
that of all the other tables, so that each can have the records and descriptions of 
all the others, and all of each other. 

When an organ is about half-way between two sizes, it is represented by two 
dashes or dots, as 5 to 6, or 3 to 4, etc., which is equivalent to 5£ or 3£. In these 
cases both sentences referred to may be read, and a medium between the two 
will be appropriate. 

The sign +,plus, signifies about one third of a degree more, and — , minus, 
one third of a degree less, than the marks indicate, thus giving virtually a seal* 
of twenty-one degrees. 



THE 

PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST, ETC. 

DEFINITION AND PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

Phrenology — derived from the two Greek words, <£p7^, 
mind, andAo'yos, discourse — points out certain cause and effect 
relations existing between particular forms or developments 
and conditions of the brain, and their accompanying manifes- 
tations of the mind, and predicates the respective peculiari- 
ties of the character and talents of different persons frmn the 
forms, sizes, and other organic conditions of their brains. 

It must, of necessity, be either true or false. If true, it constitutes 
a distinctive department of Nature, and must, therefore, harmonize 
with all her other departments ; but, if false, it must needs conflict with 
her laws and facts. Surely, then, it need not be difficult to ascertain 
whether it thus agrees or conflicts with Nature. 

Its distinctive doctrines are that : — 

I. The mind is composed of different primary powers or 
forces, called faculties, each of which manifests a specific class 
of the mental functions. 

Thus the feeling of sympathy is the product of one mental faculty, 
called Benevolence, and memory of facts is put forth by another called 
Eventuality ; while reasoning by induction is exercised by another, 
called Comparison, and thus that there exist as many primary mental 
capacities as man can experience different kinds of mental functions. 

That the mind consists of several elemental faculties, and not of one 
single power, is evinced by — 

1. The different inherent traits and instincts of different persons and 
animals. The duck u takes to" water, and eagle to craprs: the lion 
to flesh, and horse to grain; one man to tetters an! anuthvr to me- 



2 THE PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGIST, ETC. 

chanics ; one to philanthropy and another to money, etc., becauso 
impelled thereto by strong innate proclivities. " Poets are born, not 
educated." 

2. Monomania is consequent en the derangement of one mental fac- 
ulty, while all the other faculties are sane. If it consisted in only ono 
element, all its functions must needs be deranged or sane together, ac- 
cording as this one was sane or insane. 

3. If all kinds of talent originated from this one element, it must be 
equally strong or weak in everything, whereas, instead, one man is 
often great in one or two respects yet deficient in others, like Blind 
Tom, a musical and a mimicking prodigy, though a natural fool — 
Borne remembering some things but forgetting others : some great me- 

© © © © ' © 

chanics but poor speakers. And thus of most men in a greater or 
less degree, 

4. If the mind consisted of but one element, it could do but one 
thing at the same instant, and must, of course, stop all previous func- 
tions the instant it commenced any and every new one ; must stop 
remembering the instant it began to think, and stop thinking the in- 
stant it began to remember, and suspend both and all its other func- 
tions the instant it began to talk. Yet, in that case, how could it talk 
at all, for how could it remember what it would say, or say anything 
while it remembered ? This doctrine of the oneness of the mental 
faculty is contradicted, while that of its plurality is proved, by every 
single mental fact and phenomenon bearing on this point. 

Therefore the mind must necessarily be composed of just as many 
separate faculties as it can put forth distinct classes of operations — a 
primary faculty for each class. 

And these " special geniuses " are caused by one faculty being strong, 
whilst another is weak — that is, by their different degrees of power, in 
different persons and modes of action. A mental faculty is : — 

1. That which puts forth a distinct class or kind of mental function. 

2. That which appears or disappears earlier or later in life than 
others. 

3. That which can act or rest, be healthy or diseased, strong or weak, 
independently of the others. 

4. That which is propagated separately, and in different degrees of 
power. 

These faculties, so embodied that they act collectively, are the only 
instrumentalities of all we feel, do, and are, and collectively constitute 
uur consciousness, selfhood, personality, and life-entity. 



PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 3 

II. Each faculty is exercised by means of a particular por- 
tion of the brain, called its organ. 

Proofs : — 

1. All functions whatsoever, are always put forth by means of or- 
gans, never without them. Not one function anywhere in Nature 
but is exercised through some organ. That is, organism is Nature's 
only means of functionism. 

2. Every class of functions is manifested only through its own spe- 
cific organ, created expressly therefor. Thus, who can ever see 
except through eyes, or hear without ears, or move without muscles, or 
fulfill any function whatsoever, except in and by Nature's specific or- 
gans, expressly adapted thereto ? And she always employs one, fifty, 
or five hundred organs, whenever she has one, fifty, or five hundred 
functions — its own particular organ for each class of functions. In- 
deed, what is Nature's sole rationale and end of all matter, throughout 
all its forms, but to furnish the organisms requisite for executing her 
respective functions ? 

Of course this organic institute of Nature, so indispensable through- 
out all her other departments, is equally useful and necessary in each 
Df her mental functions. Each faculty of the mind must, therefore, 
Lave its own specific organ, through which alone it can be exercised. 

III. The Brain is the organ of the mind. 

This doctrine is universally admitted. Its proofs are : — 

1. It was not made for nought, but was created to execute some 
function. 

2. Its structure, and everything appertaining to it, show that it ful- 
fills altogether the most important function of man, which is, of course, 
the mental. 

3. Anatomy proves that it exercises a part and therefore all of 
the mental operations. 

4. Every natural fact which bears on this point proves it. Not one 
militates against it. 

IV. The Brain is a cluster of organs, each expressing 
i>ne faculty only. 

1. Anatomy proves that different parts of the brain perform differ- 
ent mental functions: that sight is executed by one portion, and hear- 
ing, tasting, etc., each by others ; therefore every other mental power 
must have its own specific cerebral organ. 



4 PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

2. Insanity is caused by inflammation of the brain. This is proved 
by those mental derangements consequent on many fevers ; by deliri- 
um tremens; by certain injuries of the brain, impairing specific mental 
powers ; by a softening of the brain, weakening the mentality ; and 
many similar ranges of facts. 

3. Monomania, or insanity on one subject, coexisting with sanity 
on all others — the usual form of mental derangement — is obviously 
caused by disorder in one of these cerebral organs, whilst the others 
are sound. 

4. Injuries of the Brain furnish still more demonstrative proof. 
If Phrenology is true, to inflame Tune, for example, would create a 
singing disposition ; Veneration, a praying desire ; Cautiousness, 
groundless fears ; and so of all the other organs. And thus it is. Nor 
can this class of facts be evaded. They abound in all phrenological 
works, especially periodicals, and drive and clench the nail of proof. 

V. Particular characteristics are always accompanied 
and indicated each by its own specific form. 

1. Nature classifies all her productions into orders, genera, species, 
etc., and annexes specific forms to each, so that the same forms always 
accompany and indicate the same traits of character. Thus one form 
of tree and leaf always accompanies and indicates oak characteristic, 
another peach, and thus of the shape of every tree, vegetable, and thing 
that grows. Botany is based on this principle, and consists in its vari- 
ous ramifications. 

2. Every branch of Natural History furnishes infinite ranges of illus- 
trations of this same law. Every kind of fish, fowl, and creeping thing, 
from the beginning of time, always has kept, and will keep, its own 
specific configuration, to which each individual of every class, genius, 
and species, conform. Thus all dogs have one general form, all cats 
another, all bovines still another, and thus of all elephants, all humans, 
all that lives. 

So, too, all bull-dogs have one variation of this canine form, all grey- 
hounds another, all spaniels still another, and thus of all other varie- 
ties of dogs, cats, fish, fowls, insects, races of men — everything. 

3. Any anatomist too, can predicate, with infallible certainty, just 
from the mere shape of the smallest bone of any unknown animal or 
human being, its natural history, and all about its detailed characterise 
tics and instincts. Then since the size and shape of every leaf, scale s 
feather, bone, etc., of every living creature, vegetable, mineral, and 



SIZE A MEASURE OF POWER. 5 

thing, tell us infallibly all about its specific characteristics, of course 
all the various forms of the head must also indicate and accompany, 
each its own specific mental traits. Shall universal form proclaim uni 
versal character, and shall not specific head-shapes also proclaim partic- 
ulai mental dispositions and talents ? 

4. In and by the very nature and constitution of things, specific 
forms are linked each to its particular mental speciality. Therefore, 
every distinct form of the brain and head indicates some particular 
proclivity or passion. This is but one phase of a universal ordinance 
of all things. 

VI. Size, other things being equal, indicates the power of 
function. 

That this proposition expresses a general law, is evinced by the gen- 
eral fact that the larger the pieces of wood, iron, etc., are, the stronger 
they are ; that larger horses, persons, etc., are proportionally more 
powerful than smaller, and thus of everything else. Though some- 
times smaller men, horses, etc., are stronger, can lift, draw, and endure 
more than others that are larger, because they are different in organic 
quality, health, etc., yet where the quality is the same, whichever is 
largest is proportionally the most powerful. 

And this undisputed law of things is equally true of the brain, and 
that mental power put forth thereby. All really great men have great 
heads — merely smart ones, or those great only in certain faculties or 
specialities of character, not always. The brains of Cuvier, Byron, 
and Spurzheim were among the very heaviest ever weighed. True, 
Byron's hat was small, doubtless because his brain was conical, and 
most developed in its base ; but its great weight establishes its great 
liize. So does that of Bonaparte. Besides, he wore a very large hat — 
one which passed clear over the head of Colonel Lehmenouski,one of his 
body-guard, whose head measured 23^ inches, so that Bonaparte's head 
must have measured nearly or quite 24 inches. Webster's head was 
massive, measuring over 24 inches, and Clay's 23J; and this is about 
Van Buren's size. Chief Justice Gibson's, the greatest jurist of Penn- 
sylvania, was 24^ ; and Hamilton's hat passed over the head of a man 
whose head measured 23^. Burke's head was immense, so was Jeffer- 
jon's, while Franklin's hat passed over the ears of a 24 inch head. 
Judge McLean's head exceeded 23J inches. The heads of Washing- 
ton, Adams, and a thousand other celebrities, were also very large. 
Bright, apt, smart, literary, knowing, even eloquent men, etc., often 



6 LARGE BRAINS AS AFFECTING MIND. 

nave onlv average, even moderate-sized heads, because endowed with 
the very highest organic quality, yet such are more admired than com- 
manding ; more brilliant than powerful ; more acute than profound. 
Though they may show off well in an ordinary sphere, yet they are not 
the men for great occasions ; nor have they that giant force of intel- 
lect which molds and sways nations and ages. The phrenological law 
is, that size, other things being equal, is a measure of power ; yet these 
other conditions, such as activity, power, motive, health, physiological 
habits, etc., increase or diminish the mentality even more than size. 
Quality is more important than quantity, but true greatness require* 
both cerebral quantity and quality. 

Still, those again who have very large heads, are sometimes dull, 
almost foolish, because their organic quality is lew. As far, then, as 
concerns Phrenology itself, this doctrine of size appertains to the dif- 
ferent organs in the same head, rather than to different heads. Still 
this doctrine, that size is the measure of power, is no more a special 
doctrine of Phrenology than of every other department of nature. And 
those who object to this science on this ground are objecting to a known 
law of things. If size were the only condition of power, their cavils 
mijrht be worthy of notice ; as it is, they are not. 

Though tape measurements, taken around the head, from Individ- 
uality to Philoprogenitiveness or Parental Love, give some idea of the 
size of the brain; the fact that some heads are round and others long, 
some low and others high, etc., so modifies these measurements that 
they do not convey any very correct idea of the actual quantity of brain. 
Yet these measurements range somewhat as follows in adults : — 

7, or Very Large, 23J inches, and upward ; 6, or Large, from 22| 
to 23f ; 5, or Full, from 22 to 22| ; 4, or Average, from 21 J to 22 ; 3, 
or Moderate, from 20| to 21 J ; 2, or Small, from 20 to 201 ; 1, Below 
20. Female heads are half an inch to an inch below these measure- 
ments. Those whose heads are — 

7, or Very Large. — With quality good, are naturally great ; 
with quality and activity 6 or 7, and the intellectual organs 6 or 7, are a 
natural genius, a mental giant ; even without education, will surmount 
all disadvantages, learn with wonderful facility, sway mind, and be- 
come preeminent ; with the organs of practical intellect and the pro- 
pelling powers 6 or 7, will possess natural abilities of the first order; 
manifest a clearness and force of intellect which will astonish man- 
kind, and a power of feeling which will carry all before them ; and, 
with proper cultivation, become bright stars in the firmament of : ntel- 



LARGE BRAINS AS AFFECTING MIND. -7 

lectuai greatness, upon which coming ages will gaze with delight and 
astonishment. With quality and activity 5 or 4, are great on great 
occasions, and, when thoroughly roused, manifest splendid talents, and 
naturally take the lead among men, otherwise not ; with activity or 
quality deficient, must cultivate much in order to become much. 

Large. — With activity and quality 6 or 7, combine great power 
of mind with great activity, exercise a commanding influence over 
other minds to sway and persuade, and enjoy and suffer in the ex- 
treme ; with perceptives 6, can conduct a large business or under- 
taking successfully, rise to eminence, if not preeminence, and evince 
great originality and power of intellect, strong native sense, superior 
•judgment, great force, of character and feeling, and make a conspic- 
uous and enduring mark on the intellectual or business world, or in 
whatever direction those superior capacities are put forth. With 
activity and quality 5, are endowed with superior natural talents, yet 
require strong incentives to call them out ; undeveloped by circum- 
■ stances, may pass through life without accomplishing much, or attract- 
ing notice, or evincing more than ordinary parts ; but with the per- 
ceptive and forcible organs also 6, and talents disciplined and called 
out, manifest a vigor and energy far above mediocrity ; are adequate 
to carry forward great undertakings, demanding originality and force 
of mind and character, yet are rather indolent. With activity only 
average, possess considerable energy of intellect and feeling, yet sel- 
dom manifest it, unless brought out by some powerful stimulus, and are 
rather too indolent to exert, especially intellect. 

Full. — With quality or activity 6 or 7, and the organs of practical 
intellect and of the propelling powers large, or very large, although 
not really great in intellect, or deep, are very clever ; have consider- 
able talent, and that so distributed that it shows to be even more or 
better than it really is ; are capable of being a good scholar, doing a 
line business, and, with advantages and application, of becoming dis- 
tinguished somewhat, yet inadequate to great undertakings ; cannot 
/way an extensive influence, nor become really great, yet have excel- 
lent natural capacities ; with activity 4 or 5, will do tolerably well. 
;nd manifest a common share of talent; with activity only S, wiu 
neither be nor do much worthy of notice. . 

Average. — With activity 6, manifest a quick, clear, sprightly 
mind, and off-hand talents; and are capable of doing a fair business, 
especially if the stamina is good ; with activity 7, and the organs of 
the propelling powers and of practical intellect 6 or 7, are capable o 



6 PROOFS OP PHRENOLOGY. 

doing a good business, and possess fair talent, yet are not original or 
profound; are quick of perception; have a good practical understand- 
ing ; will do well in an ordinary business or sphere, yet never manifest 
greatness, and out of this sphere are commonplace; with activity only 
4, discover only an ordinary amount of intellect; are indisposed and 
inadequate to any important undertaking; yet, in a common sphere, 
or one that requires only a mechanical routine of business, can do well; 
with moderate or small activity, will hardly accomplish or enjoy any- 
thing worthy of note. 

Moderate. — With quality, activity, and the propelling and per- 
ceptive faculties 6 or 7, possess an excellent intellect, yet are more 
showy than sound; with others to plan and direct, can execute to ad- 
vantage, yet are unable to do much alone ; have a very active mind, 
and are quick of perception, yet, after all, have a contracted intellect; 
possess only a fair mental calibre, and lack momentum, both of mind 
and character; with activity only 4, have but a moderate amount of 
intellect, and even this too sluggish for action, so as neither to suffer 
nor enjoy much; with activity 3 or 2, are dull, and hardly compos 
mentis. 

Small. — Are weak in character and inferior in intellect — indeed, 
simple or idiotic. 

This doctrine, that " size is a measure of power," is equally true of 
different groups of organs, and regions of the brain. Those who have 
a large forehead, with a deficient back and side-head, if of good tem- 
perament, will be deep, original thinkers, but lack force and energy of 
character; while those who have heavy base and back-head, with a 
smaller forehead, will possess energy, courage, passion, sociability, and 
vim, but lack intellectual capacity. But this point will be, eliminated 
hereafter. 

VII. Phrenology was discovered and established 

BY INDUCTION. 

1. This is proved by the entire history of this science as a whole, 
and of each particular organ and faculty. No part of it rests on 
theory. In all its parts and details it is wholly a matter-of-fact 
science. And any one, by learning the locations and different forms 
of one or more of its organs, together with their phrenological func- 
tions, can test its truth — ascertain for himselt whether those noted 
for special mental gifts or proclivities have or have not the corre- 
sponding phrenological developments. 



ESTABLISHED BY INDUCTION". 9 

2. All men and animals, as compared with one another, prove that 
Phrenology expresses a natural ordinance and fact. Man and animals 
are fashioned upon the same general principles, analogous functions in 
each being performed by similar organs. Thus all men and all ani- 
mals see by means of eyes and light, resupply nutrition by means of 
one common organism, the digestive, all move by muscles, etc. There- 
fore, if Phrenology is true of any, it must of course be true of all. 
And *beir respective Phrenologies, contrasted with one another, and 
taken in connection with their respective instincts, must needs show 
tihather all were or were not constructed upon phrenological princi- 
ples. What, then, are the facts ? 

Phrenology locates the animal propensities at the sides of the head, 
between and around the ears ; the social affections in its back and 
lower portion ; the aspiring faculties in its CROWN ; the moral on its 
top, and the intellectual in the forehead ; the perceptives, which 
relate us to matter, over the eyes ; and the reflectives, in the upper 
part of the forehead. (See cut No. 102.) 

Now, since brutes possess at least only weak moral and reflective 
faculties, they should, if Phrenology were true, have little top-head, 
and thus it. is. Not one of all the following drawings of animals have 
much brain in either the reflective or moral region. Almost all their 
mentality consists of the animal propensities, and nearly all their 
brain is found between and around their ears, just where, ac- 
cording to Phrenology, it should be. Yet the skulls of all human be- 
ings rise high above the eyes and ears, and are long on top, that is, 
have full intellectual and moral organs, as we know they possess these 




No 102. — Grouping of Organs. 



No. 103. — Human Skull. 



10 



PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 



mental elements. Compare the accompanying human skull with 
those of brutes. Those of snakes, frogs, turtles, alligators, etc., slope 
straight back from the nose ; that is, have almost no moral or intelleo 





No. 104. — Snake. 



No. 105. — Turtle. 



tual organs ; tigers, dogs, lions, etc., have a little more, yet how insig- 
nificant compared with man, while monkeys are between them in both 
these organs and their faculties. Here, then, is inductive proof of 
Phrenology as extensive as the whole brute creation on the one hand, 
contrasted with the entire human family on the other. 

Again, Destructiveness is located by Phrenology over the ears, so as 
to render the head wide in proportion as this organ is developed. Ac- 

DESTRUCTIVENESS LARGE. 





No. 106. — Hyena — side view. 



No. 107. — Hyena — back view. 



cordingly, all carnivorous animals should be wide-headed at the ears 
all herbivorous, narrow. And thus they are, as seen in tigers, hyenas, 
bears, cats, foxes, ichneumons, etc., compared with rabbits, sheep, etc. 
Contrast cuts 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 
117, 118, and 119, with 110, 111, and 120. 





No. 109. — back view 



No. 108. — Beak — top view. 



ESTABLISHED BY INDUCTION. 
DESTRUCTIVENESS SMALL. 



11 





No. 110.— Sheep — top view. No. 111.— Rabbit — side view- 

To large Destructiveness, cats, foxes, ichneumons, etc., add large 
Secretiveness, both in character and head. 

SECRETIVENESS AND DESTRUCTITENESS BOTH LARGE. 



No. 1U.— Do.-- 

BACK VIEW. 





So. 112. — Fox — side view. No. 113. — Ichneumon — 

SIDE VIEW. 




No. 115. — Cat 

— BACK VIEW. 




No. 116. — Cat 

— SIDE VIEW. 




No. 117. — Tiger — top view. ' 
Fowls correspond perfectly in head and character with phrenology 
cal requisitions. Thus, owls, hawks, eagles, etc., have very wide heads 




No. 118. — Owl. No. 119.— Hawk. No. 120. — Hkn. No. 121. — Crow 



12 



PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 



and ferocious dispositions ; while hens, turkeys, etc., have narrow heads, 
and little Destructiveness in character. (Cuts 118, 119, 120, and 121.) 
The crow (cut 121) has very large Secretiveness and Cautiousness in 
the head, as it is known to have in character. 

Monkeys, too, bear additional testimony to the truth of phrenological 
Bcience. They possess in character, strong perceptive powers, but weak 
refleetives, powerful propensities, and feeble moral elements. Accord- 
ingly, they are full over the eyes, but slope straight back at the reason- 
ing and moral organs, while the propensities engross most of their brain. 
The orang-outang has more forehead — larger 
intellectual organs, both perceptive and reflective 
— than any other animal, with some of the moral 
sentiments, and accordingly is called the "half rea- 
soning man," its phrenology corresponding perfectly 

n ' _ with its character. 

No. 122. — Intelli- 
gent Monkey. 





No. 123 — Orang-Outang. 
PERCEPTIVES LARGER THAN REFLECTIVES. 

The various races also accord with phrenological science. Thus 
Africans generally have full perceptives, and large Tune and Lan 
guage, but retiring Causality, and accordingly possess less reasoning 
capacity, yet have excellent memories and lingual and musical powers 

Indians possess extraordinary strength of propensities and perceptives 
but moderate moral or inventive power ; and, hence, have very wide 
round, conical and rather low heads, but are large over the eyes. 



ESTABLISHED BY INDUCTION. 



13 



Indian skulls can always be selected. from Caucasian, just by these de- 
velopments ; whiie the Caucasian race is superior in reasoning power and 
moral elevation to all the other races, and accordingly, has a higher 
and bolder forehead, and a more elevated and elongated top head. 





No. 124. — African. No. 125. — Indian Chief. • 

Finally, contrast the massive foreheads of all giant-minded men — 
Bacons, Franklins, Miltons, etc., with the low, retiring foreheads of 
idiots. In short, every human, every brutal head, is constructed 

LARGE AND SMALL INTELLECTUAL REGION. 





No. 1 26. — Bacon. No. 127. — Idiot. 

throughout strictly on phrenological principles. Ransack air, earth, 
and water, and not one palpable exception ever has been, ever can be, 
adduced. This wholesale view of this science precludes the possi- 
bility of mistake. Phrenology is therefore a PART and parcel of 

tfATURE —A UNIVEFSAL FACT. 



14 PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY. 

VIII. The states of all organs and functions are in recip- 
rocal rapport. 

In the very nature and fitness of things the correspondence between 
all organs and their functions must be and is complete. That is, the 
states of all organs and of their respective functions must be reciprocal. 
What means it that the stomach is the organ of digestion, but that all 
the states of this organ correspond with those of its functions ? How 
could the eye be the organ of vision unless all the changing states of 
this eye similarly affect the sight? How could poor eyes execute 
good functions, or good eyes poor functions ? And thus of all the 
other organic and functional states. Thus, whenever Nature would 
put forth power of function, she does so by means of power in the 
organ which puts it forth. And so of quickness, and all other func- 
tional conditions. Thus the office of wood is to rear aloft that stupen- 
dous tree-top, and hold it there in spite of all the surgings of powerful 
winds upon its vast canvas of trunk, limbs, leaves, and fruit. Now 
this requires an immense amount of power, especially considering the 
great mechanical disadvantage involved. This power Nature supplies, 
not by bulk, because this, by consuming her material and space, would 
prevent her making many trees, whereas her entire policy is to form 
all the trees she can ; but by rendering the organic texture of wood 
as solid and powerful as its function is potential. And the more solid 
its structure, the more powerful its function, as seen in comparing oak 
with pine, and lignum vitas with poplar. But, letting this single ex- 
ample suffice to illustrate this law, which obtains throughout the entire 
vegetable kingdom, let us apply it to the animal. 

The elephant, one of the very strongest of beasts, is so powerful in 
dermis, muscle, bone, and entire structure, that bullet after bullet shot 
at him, flatten, and fall, harmless at his feet. The lion, too, is as strong 
in texture as in function. Only those who know from observation can 
form any adequate idea of the wiry toughness of those muscles and 
tendons which bind his head to his body, or of the solidity of his bones ; 
corresponding with the fact that, seizing a bullock in his monster jaw, 
he dashes with him through jungle and over ravine, as a cat would 
handle a squirrel. And when h^ roars, a city trembles. The struc- 
tures of the white and grizzly bear, of the tiger, hyena, and all pow- 
erful animals, and, indeed, of all weak ones, in like manner correspond 
equally with their functions. All quickness of function is put forth 
Dy quick-acting organs, all slowness by the slow ; and thus of all or 



ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS IN RAPPORT. 15 

gans and functions throughout every phase and department of universal 
Sfe and nature. Indeed, in and by the very nature of things this 
correspondence must exist. For how could weak organs possibly put 
forth powerful functions, or slow organs quick functions ? In short, 
this correspondence between organic conditions and functions is fixed 
and absolute — is necessary, not incidental, — is universal, not par- 
tial, — is a relation of cause and effect, and governs every organ and 
function throughout universal life and nature. 

Governs you and I, reader. And in all our functions. If, in the 
plenitude of Divine Wisdom, man had been created a purely mental 
being, he would have needed no body, and could not have used one ; 
whereas, instead, he has been created a compound being, composed 
of both body and mind. Nor are those seemingly opposite entities 
strangers to each other. Instead, they are inter-related by ties of the 
most perfect reciprocity — so perfect that every conceivable condition 
of either reciprocally affects the other. How can weak muscles put 
forth strength, or a sluggish brain manifest mental activity ? Hence, 
to become great, one must first become strong — and in the special 
organs in whose functions he would excel. Would you become great 
mentally, then first become strong cerebrally. Or, would you render 
that darling boy a great man, first make him a powerful animal. Not 
that all powerful animals are great men, but that all great men are, 
and must needs be, powerful animals. Our animal nature is the basis 
of all our mental and moral functions. It so is in the very consti- 
tution of things, that mind can be put forth only in and by its material 
organism, and is strong or weak, quick or sluggish, as its organism is 
either. 

HEREDITARY ORGANISM AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 

Hereditary organic quality is the first, basilar, and all-potent con- 
dition of all power of function, all happiness, all everything. This is 
congenital — is imparted by the parentage along with life itself, of 
which it is the paramount condition and instrumentality. It depends 
mainly on the original nature of the parents, yet partly also on their 
existing states of body, mind, and health, their mutual love or want 
of it, and on other like primal life-conditions and causes. It lies behind 
and below, and is infinitely more potential than education and all 
associations and surrounding circumstances, — is, in short, what ren- 
ders the grain cereal, the oak oaken, fish fishy, fox foxy, swine swin- 
«sh, tiger tigerish, and man human. See this whole subject fully dis- 
cussed in the author's new work entitled " The Family." 



ORGANIC CONDITIONS 



Each creature much resembles a galvanic battery, and its life-force 
depends mainly on how that battery works. And this on those con- 
genital conditions which establish life — a subject infinitely important, 
and generally overlooked, but treated fully in " Supplement to ' the 
family' " or " Offspring and their Hereditary Endowment." 

These organic conditions cannot well be described, hardly engraved, 
Vmt are easily perceived by a practiced eye. They are quite analogous to 
temperament, on which little has yet been written, but lie behind and 
below all temperaments — are, indeed, their determining cause. Some 
Df their signs are coarseness and fineness of hair, skin, color, form, 
notion, general tone of action and mental operation, etc. A com- 
parison of the following engravings of Fanny Forester with the idiot 

Emerson will give some outline 
idea of this point. A still better 
is found in comparing man with 
animal. In fact, the main differ- 
ences between vegetables and 
animals, as compared among one 
another, and all as compared with 
man, and different men as com- 
pared with each other, as well as 
the entire style and cast of char- 
acter and sentiment, everything, 
is consequent on these organic 
conditions — in short, is what we 
call "bottom" in the horse, " the 
blood " in those high and nobly 




No. 128. — Fanny Forester. 



►iced" in full-blooded animals, and 
born. Those marked 1 

7. — Are preeminently tine-grained, pure-minded, ethereal, senti- 
mental, refined, high-toned, intense in emotion, full of human nature, 
most exquisitely susceptible to impressions of all kinds, most poetic in 
temperament, lofty in aspiration, and endowed with wonderful intui- 
tion as to truth, what is right, best, etc.; are unusually developed in 
the interior, or spirit-life, and far above most of those with whom they 
come in contact, and hence find few congenial spirits, and are neither 
understood nor appreciated ; when sick, suffer inexpressibly, and if 
children, are precocious — too smart, too good to live, and absolutely 
must be treated physiologically, or die early. 

1 Hereafter, the words * those marked" will be omitted, and the description 
Degin "7 --Are," etc. 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 



17 



6. — Are like 7, only less so; are finely organized^ delicate, suscep- 
tible, emotional, pure-minded, intellectual, particular, and aspiring 
after a high state of excellence; full of human nature, and true to its 
intuitions and instincts; have a decided predominance of the mental 
over the physical; are able and inclined to lead excellent human 
lives, and capable of manifesting a high order of the human virtues. 

5. — Are more pre-inclined to the good than bad, to ascend than de- 
scend in the human scale; can, by culture, make excellent men ani 
wom^n, but require it; and should .^pf^^k 

avoid those habits which clog or 
deprave the mental manifestations, 
and, to attain superiority, must 
u strive for it." 

4. — Are simply fair in organic 
tone; are good under good sur- 
roundings, but can be misled; 
must avoid all deteriorating habits 
and causes, spirits and tobacco, 
bad associates, etc.; assiduously 
cultivate the pure and good, and 
study to discipline intellect, as well 
as purify the passions, and rely the 
more on culture and a right physi- 
ological life, because the hereditary 
endowment is simply fair. 

3. — Are rather 'lacking in or- No " 129—Emekson, an Idiot. 

ganic quality, and better adapted to labor than study; rather sluggish 
mentally, and given to this world's pleasures; had but a commonplace 
parentage; need to be strictly temperate in all things, and avoid all 
forms of temptation, vulgar associates in particular, and make up by 
the more assiduous cultivation what has been withheld by nature. 

2. — Are coarse grained in structure and sentiment, and both vulgar 
and non-intellectual; had poor parental conditions; are low, grovel- 
ing, and carnal, as well as obtuse in feeling and intellect ; are poorly 
organized, and incapable of high attainments; hence restrain the pas- 
sions, and cultivate intellect and the virtues as much as possible, and 
especially avoid alcoholic liquors, tobacco, and low associates. 

1. — Are really foolish, and non compos mentis. 

To Cultivate. — First, guard against all perversion of the facul 
ties, all forms of intemperance, tobacco, over-eating, pork, rich pastry, 
2 




18 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

especial!)' late suppers ; be much of the time in th« open air ; work 
and exercise abundantly; bathe daily, and keep the body in just as 
good condition as possible; mingle with the high and good; exercise 
all the faculties assiduously, in the best possible manner, and in strict 
accordance with their natural functions; cultivate a love of nature, 
art, beauties, and perfections — in short, encourage the good, true, 
and right, and avoid the bad. 

To Restrain. — Cultivate a love of the terrestrial — of this world, 
its pleasures and luxuries, — for you require annualizing. You live 
too much in the ideal. Live more with the actual and tangible. Cal- 
lous yourself against much that now abrades your finer sentiments, 
and shrink not from contact with those not quite up to your standard. 
You are adapted to a more advanced state Of humanity, but should 
come down to the present and material. Above all, do not be too 
fastidious, qualmish, or whimmy, but make the best of what is ; cling 
to life, and enamor yourself of its objects and pleasures. 

Closely related to these organic conditions is — 

HEALTH — ITS VALUE, CONDITIONS, AND RESTORATION. 

Health consists in the normal and vigorous exercise of all the phys 
ical functions, and disease in their abnormal action. Health is pleas 
urable, disease painful. Health is life, for life consists in the normal 
action of those same functions in which health consists. And to im- 
prove health is to increase life itself, and all its pleasures. Some writer 
has appropriately defined health thus: — 

Planting your foot upon the green sward, looking around, and yield- 
ing yourself to whatever feelings naturally arise, health is proportion- 
ate to that buoyant, jubilant, exhilarating, ecstatic feeling which super- 
venes. It is to all our functions what motive power is to machinery — 
sets them off with a rush and a bound. It both makes us happy, and 
causes everything else to increase that happiness. 

But disease renders us miserable, and turns everything around us 
into occasion of misery. It both weakens and perverts our mental be- 
ing. Indeed, health is the quintessence of every earthly good— dis- 
ease of every terrestrial evil. Poor indeed is he, however rich in 
money, in honors, in office, in everything else whatsoever, whose health 
is poor ; for how can he enjoy his dollars and honors ? But rich in- 
deed is he who is healthy, however poor in money, for he enjoys what- 
soever he has or is. A rich man may, indeed, purchase a luxuriant 
dinner, but without health does not, cannot relish it ; whereas a poor 
man, with health, enjoys even a dry crust. 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 19 

The rich need health to enjoy their riches ; the poor doubly, in 
*rder to prevent becoming poorer. But to be poor and sickly is the 
uttermost of human evil. Nor can the poor afford to be sick ; for their 
health is their a//, to themselves and families. Nor should they allow 
any thing whatsoever to impair it, but make health paramount. 

Even the very talents of men depend mainly on health. Is not the 
brain confessedly the organ of the mind ? Now, what means it, that 
the brain is the organ of the mind, but that all its conditions similarly 
affect the mentality ? And since all the states of the body and brain 
act reciprocally — consequent on that vast network of nerves which 
ramify throughout every part and parcel of the body, and terminate in 
the brain, — of course all existing conditions of the body similarly affect 
these nerves, and thereby the brain, and therefore the mind, rendering 
all the states of either body or mind reciprocal with those of the other. 
Is the body sick, or weak, or exhausted, or inflamed, or sleepy, or ex- 
hilarated, is not the mind equally so ? Then to originate great thoughts, 
or to conceive pure and exalted sentiments, must not the brain be in a 
vigorous state ? And in order to acquire cerebral vigor, must not all 
the bodily functions be equally vigorous ? And to this end, must not 
those health-laws which cause this vigor be observed ? Of what avail 
the learning of the sickly scholar, the talents of the invalid, or the 
goodness of the pious dyspeptic ? They can do nothing, can enjoy 
nothing — are but burdens to themselves and friends. Can we think, 
or remember, or study without that energy furnished by the body ? 
No more than move machinery without motive power. How, then, 
can that boy become a great or learned man without possessing physi- 
cal vigor ? Or that delicate and beautiful girl a capable or good 
woman, wife, or mother without possessing animal vigor? Let it be 
forever and everywhere remembered, that both judgment and memory, 
reason and poetry, eloquence and philosophy, even morality and relig- 
ion, all the virtues and all the vices — in short, one and all of the hu- 
man functions, are carried forward by animal power. Even the very 
sensual pleasures of the debauchee are exercised by this very animal 
force, and grow weak when and because it declines. And as physical 
power depends on the observance of certain physical laws, the viola- 
te.! of which weakens both body and mind, of course the first duty of 
*Y2ry human being to himself and Creator — of parents to their chil- 
dren, of ministers to people, writer to reader, and one to all — is to ~- 



20 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 



LEARN AXD OBEY THE HEALTH LAWS. 

And on this point is just where our whole educational system — cot 
legiate especially — is radically defective. It eclipses more genius by 
weakening the body than it eliminates by study. Children are always 
smarter and better relatively than adults, because injured by that false 
educational system which impairs mind, memory, and morals by break- 
ing down good physical constitutions. The Romans appropriately 
named their schools " gymnasia," from those muscular exercises which 
both formed their leading feature, and secured a strong mind, by 
strengthening the body. Our schools and colleges are, and will con 
tinue to be, fundamentally defective, till remodeled upon the basis of 
health as a means of scholarship and talents. 

Nor intellect merely, but our very morals and piety, depend on 
health. Can we even pray or worship without vitality ? And what is 
more, the very vices of mankind are consequent mainly on the infringe- 
ment of the physical laws. 

Hereditary conditions in parents cause depravity in their children ; 
yet even they do it by deranging the body. It is what men eat and 
drink, it is how they live, sleep, etc., it is their physiological conditions 
and habits, that cause nine-tenths of human depravity. Are not both 
children and adults depraved when cross, and cross because sick ; that 
is, rendered sinful by being unwell ? Who does not know that drunk- 
enness engenders depravity — makes the best men bad V But why, and 
how ? By disordering the body. And since by alcohol, why not by 
tobacco, gluttony, and every other wrong physical state? Are not 
drunkenness and debauchery concomitants ? Are not dyspeptics al- 
ways irritable ? The truth is, that all abnormal physical action causes 
abnormal mental action, which is sin. To become good and answer the 
end of their being, men must live right, must learn to eat right, and 
sleep, exercise, bathe, breathe, etc., in accordance with nature's requi- 
sitions. And nine-tenths of the sinfulness of mankind has this purely 
physical origin, and can be cured by physical means. 

Health is the natural state of man, animal, vegetable, all that lives 
— is the ultimate of life. Like all else in nature, it has its laws ; and 
these laws obeyed, will render it perfect from birth to death. It even 
requires immense violation of these laws seriously to impair it. Bird 
and beast are rarely unhealthy, except when rendered sickly by man 
Has our benevolent Creator granted this greatest of boons to beasts, 
but denied it to man ? No. None need ever be sick, for there are 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 21 

health laws, which, if obeyed, guarantee the very perfection of health 
To become sickly is foolish ; for it cuts off every pleasure, and induces 
every ill — is even wicked, for it is consequent only on a violation of 
the laws of our being, and all violation of law is sin. And the health 
laws are as much laws of God — written by his finger on our very con- 
stitution — as the Decalogue. In short, none have any right to be 
sick. Jt is alike the privilege, as it is the sacred duty of one and all to 
be and keep well ; that is, to observe the health laws. And of parent? 
to keep their children well. 

EXISTING STATES OF HEALTH, AND ITS IMPROVEMENT. 

While this condition has a most important influence on both the 
quantity and quality of all the mental manifestations, yet to mark it 
correctly, without aid from those examined, is exceedingly difficult. It 
may seem good, when actually poor, because its functions may be ex- 
hilarated by inflammation, which both perverts and weakens ; or it may 
seem much poorer than it really is, because of merely temporary debil- 
ity, while the heart's core remains sound. But its serious impairment 
leaves all the functions, phrenological included, proportionally less vigo- 
rous than the sizes of their organs indicate. Those who have health — 

7. — Are full to overflowing with life, buoyancy, light-heartedness, 
and ecstasy ; are strong and lively ; enjoy food, sleep, action, nature, 
all the physical functions, to the highest degree; rarely ever have a pain 
or ache, or become tired ; can do and endure almost any and every- 
thing ; withstand miasma and disease remarkably; recuperate readily; 
experience a certain gush, glow, vivacity, and briskness in the action 
of all the faculties ; as well as the highest and most perfect flow and 
exercise of each of the life-functions. 

6. — Are healthy and happy ; exercise all the organs with vigor and 
power; turn everything into pleasure, and dash off trouble as if a mere 
trifle, and yet can endure any amount of pain and exposure ; feel jubi- 
lant and joyous year in and year out ; and do everything easily, all the 
functions being condensed and hearty, and the whole being full of snap 
and life. 

5. — Have a good, full share of life-force, vigor, and vivacity — of 
health, happiness, desire and ability to perform, enjoy, and accomplish ; 
can stand a good deal, but must not go too far, and have sufficient 
stamina for all practical purposes, but none to spare or waste foolishly. 

4. — Have fair, average health, if it is well cared for, yet are some- 
times subject to ailments ; are in the main healthy and happy, but 



"Z ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

must live regularly ; experience rather a tame, mechanical action of 
ail the faculties, instead of that zest and rapture imparted by perfect 
health ; can accomplish and enjoy much, but must take things leisure- 
ly ; if careful, can live and wear on a long while yet, but if careless, 
are liable to break down suddenly and finally ; and become irritable, 
dissatisfied, dull, forgetful, and easily fatigued, and must cherish what 
health remains. 

3. — Are deficient in animation and recuperative power, and feel 
tired and good for nothing most of the time ; with activity 6 or 7 are 
constantly overdoing, and working up in mental or physical action 
those energies which ought to go to the restoration of health, not to 
labor ; need abundance of rest and recreation, and give out at once if 
deprived of sleep ; must stop all unnecessary vital drains, such as 
chewing, smoking, drinking, late hours, and all forms of dissipation, and 
should manufacture all the vitality possible, but expend the least. 

2. — Are weakly, sickly, and inert ; feeble in desire and effort ; ca- 
pable of enduring and enjoying but little ; live a monotonous, listless, 
care-for-nothing, half-dead-and-alive life, and must either restore health 
or give up, and enjoy comparatively nothing. 

1. — Have barely life enough to keep soul and body together ; are 
just alive, and have almost lost life's pleasures, powers, desires, and 
aspirations. 

To Cultivate. — First ascertain what causes your disease or de- 
bility ; if heart, lungs, muscles, stomach, etc., are marked low, apply 
special culture to the weak organs — see the cultivation of each, — and 
assiduously study the health laws, and conscientiously fulfill them, 
making everything else subservient thereto. Especially take extra 
pains to supply vitality, but waste none in any form of excess. 1 

Restrain You Need Not. — Health cannot be too good. When, 
however, you find a surplus of animal vigor, work it up in one or 
another of life's ends and efforts. 

The Temper aments. 

This term has long been employed to designate certain physical con* 
stitutions as indicative of certain mental characteristics. The idea 
expressed in our definition of " hereditary organism " is quite like that 
of the temperaments. They were formerly classified thus : The ner- 

1 For a complete and detailed view of health-culture, see the Author's new 
work, entitled — "Health: its Value, Natural Laws, Conditions, Preservation, 
and ileotoration ; including the Organism, the Temperaments " etc. 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY 23 

vous, indicated by light complexion, large brain, and smaller stature, 
And indicating superior talents, refinement, and scholarship ; the bil- 
ious, indicated by dark complexion, large bones, powerful muscles, 
prominent features, and a large and spare form, and indicating a 
supposed surplus of bile, irritability, violence of passion, and melan- 
choly, along with strength of character ; the sanguine, indicated by a 
florid complexion, sandy hair, blue eyes, fullness of person, and abun- 
dance of blood, and indicating warmth, ardor, impulsiveness, and lia- 
bility to passional excesses ; and the lymphatic, indicated by full, ple- 
thoric habit, distended abdomen, excessive adipose deposit, and indi- 
cating a good, cosy, lax, enjoying disposition, with a stronger proclivity 
to sensuous pleasures, rather than intellect or action of any kind. But 
this classification is practically discarded, without its place having been 
supplied. The doctrine of the temperaments in full remains unwritten. 
Meanwhile we propound the following 

CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITIONS. 

Man is composed physically of three great classes of organs, the pre- 
dominance or deficiency of each of which is called a predominant or 
deficient temperament, each giving a particular form to the body — - 
shape being its index, — and likewise a particular set of phrenological 
developments, and consequent traits of character. That is, given 
forms of body indicate and accompany special talents, dispositions, and 
mental proclivities ; and the art in delineating phrenological character 
depends in a great degree on reading correctly the temperaments and 
organic conditions, and their controlling iniluences on character ; for 
they exert, as it were, the ground-swell as to the direction and action 
of the phrenological manifestations. Thus Causality, with the vital 
temperament predominant, takes on the phase of planning, of common 
sense, of reasoning on matter, of adapting ways and means to ends, etc. 
But with the nervous or mental predominant, the same sized Causality 
manifests itself in logic, metaphysics, investigation, the origination of 
ideas, in intellectual clearness and power, etc. And it requires the 
sharpest eye and clearest head in the examiner to discern the bearings 
and influences of these temperamental and organic conditions on the 
intellectual and moral manifestations. And the mistakes of amateurs, 
of connoisseurs even, are more temperamental than phrenological. 
Still they are sometimes consequent on health conditions. Thus the 
same person in one state of health is irritable, violent, passional, per- 
haps even sensual and wicked, who in another physical condition is 



24 



ORGANIC CONDITIONS 



amiable, even-tempered, moral, and good. A given amount of ideal- 
ity is much more ideal, of language much more expressive, of the af- 
fections more affectional, and moral tone more lofty, in combination 
with the mental temperament than vital. But our proposed limits dc 
not allow us to extend our observations. Still, the following descrip- 
tions give the outline, and put inquirers on the track of further obser- 
vations. 

The Vital Temperament. 

This embraces the heart, lungs, stomach, liver, bowels, and that 
entire system of internal organs which creates life-force. It is very 
lame in William G. Hall. 




No. 130. — William G. Hall. 
The large end of a good egg is warmer than its other parts, because 
its vitality resides there ; but, this cold, life is extinct. Incubate it a 
short time, and break the shell at this end, and you will find the heart 
palpitating and blood-vessels formed — the yolk furnishing the required 
nutrition. The vital apparatus forms first, and deposits the material 
for forming the other portions ; is more active during juvenility than 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 25 

the other parts ; sustains the whole animal economy: is the source of 
all power and energy; creates animal heat ; resists cold and heat, dis- 
ease and death ; and resupplies muscle, brain, and nerve with that life 
power expended by their every exertion. It is to the man what fire, 
fuel, water, and steam are to machinery — the vis animce, the primum 
mobile — the first great prerequisite of life itself and all ts functions. 

Its ^decided predominance is accompanied by a rouad head, well 
developed at the base, large Ainativeness, Acquisitiveness, Alimentive- 
ness, Benevolence, and Language ; large organs of the animal propen- 
sities generally ; a rapid widening of the head from the corners of the 
eyes to the tips of the ears ; side-head spherical and well filled out ; 
forehead generally full or square, and broad rather than high ; percep- 
tive organs large, and all the organs short and broad rather than long 
or pointed. 

7. — Are fleshy ; short and broad built ; stocky ; deep and large 
chested ; broad and round shouldered ; impetuous ; impulsive : enthu- 
siastic ; hearty ; good livers ; fond of meats, condiments, stimulants, 
and animal pleasures ; have a strong, steady pulse ; large lungs and 
nostrils ; a full habit ; florid complexion ; flushed face ; light or sandy 
hair or whiskers ; sound and well-set teeth; great endurance of fatigue, 
privation, and exposure; great love of fresh air, out-of-door exercise, 
and physical action, but not of hard work ; a restlessness which can 
not endure in-door confinement, but must be abroad, and constantly 
doing something ; great zeal, ardor of desire, and more practical com- 
mon sense than book-learning; more general knowledge of men and 
things than accurate scientific attainment ; more shrewdness and off- 
hand talent than depth ; more availability than profundity ; and love 
of pleasure than power of thought. 

6. — Are like 7, though not in as great extremes ; generally fleshy 
and of good size and height, if not large; well-proportioned; broad- 
shouldered ; muscular; prominent and strongly-marked in features ; 
coarse and homely ; stern and harsh ; strong, but often awkward, and 
seldom polished; best adapted to some laborious occupation, and enjoy 
bard work more than books or literary pursuits ; have great power of 
feeling, and thus require much self-government; possess more talent 
than they can exhibit to others ; manifest mind more in business, in 
creating resources and managing matters, than in literary pursuits, or 
mind as such ; prefer some light, stirring, active business, but dislike 
drudgery; turn everything, especially bargains, to good account; look 
out for self; get a full share of what is to be had; feel and act out. 



26 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

"every man for himself," and are selfish enough, yet abound in good 
feeling; incline to become agents, overseers, captains, hotel keepers, 
butchers, traders, speculators, politicians, public officers, aldermen, 
contractors, etc., rather than anything requiring steady or hard work* 
and are usually healthy, yet very sick when attacked, brought at oncu 
to the crisis, and predisposed to gout, fevers, apoplexy, congestion of 
the brain, etc. 

5. — Have a good share of life-force, yet none to spare ; withstand 
a good deal, yet must not waste vitality, and should live in a way ta 
improve it. 

4. — Have sufficient vitality to sustain life, and impart a fair share 
of energy to the functions, but by no means sufficient to put forth 
their full power, and should make its culture a first life-object. 

3. — Are rather weakly and feeble ; often half prostrated by a feel- 
ing of languor and lassitude; can keep doing about all the time if 
slow, and careful not to overdo, the liability to which is great when 
Activity is 6 or 7; need much rest; cannot half work, or enjoy either 
body or mind; suffer much from fatigue and exhaustion, and would be 
glad to do, but hardly feel able. 

2. — Are too weak and low to be able either to do, enjoy, or accom- 
plish much; should both give the vital organs every possible facility 
for action, and also husband every item of vitality; be extremely 
careful not to overwork, and spend much time in listless, luxuriating 
ease, while nature restores the wanting vitality. 

1. — Are almost dead from sheer inanition. 

To Cultivate. — Ascertain which of the vital organs is deficient, 
and take all possible pains to improve its action; see directions for in- 
creasing the action of the heart, lungs, stomach, etc. ; alternate with 
rest and exercise; " away with melancholy," banish sadness, trouble, 
and all gloomy associations, and cul^vate buoyancy and light-heart- 
edness; enjoy the present, and make fife a glorious holiday instead of 
a weary drudgery ; if engaged in any confining business, break up 
this monotony by taking a long leave of absence — a trip to Lake 
Superior, California, or Europe, a long journey, by horticulture, or 
parties, or frolicking with children; by going into young and lively 
society, and exercising the affections; bringing about as great a change 
cis possible in all your habits and associations. Especially cultivate 
% love of everything beautiful and lovely in nature, as well as study 
her philosophies ; bear patiently what you must, but enjoy all you can ; 
keep doing all you are able, but other things than formerly, and what 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 2" 

interests you. You should watch and follow your intuitions or instincts 
and if you feel a special craving for any kind of food or pleasure, in 
flulge it. Especially be regular in sleep, exercise, eating, and all the 
vital functions, as well as be temperate in all things. Above all 
keep your mind toned up to sustain the body. Aid your weak organs 
by will-power, that is, bring a strong will to aid digestion, breathing, 
etc., and keep yourself up thereby. Determine that you wonH give 
up to weakness or death, but will live on and keep doing in spite of 
debility and disease. Fight life's battles like a true hero, and keep 
the head cool by temperance; the feet warm by exercise; the pores 
and evacuations open by ablution and laxative food; and heart warm 
by cherishing a love of life and its pleasures. And don't fail to keep 
up a gentle pounding and frequent brisk rubbing of chest, abdomen, 
and feet, so as to start the mechanical action of the visceral organs. 
Nothing equals this for revivifying dormant or exhausted vitality, and 
none are too poor or too much occupied to avail themselves of it. 

To Restrain. — Those who manufacture vitality faster than they 
expend it, are large in the abdomen ; too corpulent ; even obese ; 
often oppressed for breath; surcharged with organic material; too 
sluggish to expend vitality as fast as it accumulates, and hence should 
work, work, work, early and late, and with all their might, and as 
much as possible with their muscles and out-of-doors ; should eat 
sparingly, and of simple food; avoid rich gravies, butter, sweets, fat, 
and pastry, but live much on fruits; sleep little; keep all the excre- 
tory organs free and open by an aperient diet, and especially the skin 
by frequent ablutions, the hot bath, etc.; breathe abundantly, so as 
to burn up the surplus carbon; sit little, but walk much; never yield 
to indolence; work up energy by hands and head, business and pleas- 
ure, any way, every way, but ksep consuming vitality as fast as pos- 
sible. Some fleshy persons, esp2cialJy females, give up to indolence, 
and inanity; get "the blues," aid lounge on rocking-chair and bed. 
What is wanted is to do, not to oiter around. Inertia is your bane, 
and action your cure. If flush 3d, feverish, nervous, etc., be careful 
not to overdo, and rely on air, warm bath, and gentle but continued 
exercise, active or passive, but not on medicines. 

THE LUNGS — BREATHING. 

All that lives, down even tc vegetables and trees, breathes ; must 
wreathe in order to live; live in proportion as they breathe ; begin 
life's firet function with breathing, and end its last with their last 



28 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

breattiu And breathing is th<, most inqr.rtant f'u ction c. life from 
first to list, because the grand stimulrtor jmd sustalner of ai*. Would 
you ge'; and keep warm when cold, breathe copiously, for this increases 
that eaibonic consumption all through the system which creates all 
animal warmth. Would you cool off and keep cool in hot weather, 
deep, copious breathing will burst open all those myriads of pores, 
each of which, by converting the water in the system into perspira- 
tion, casts out heat, and refreshes mind and body. Would you labor 
long and hard, v'^h intellect or muscle, without exhaustion or injury, 
breathe abundantly ; for breath is the great reinvigorator of life and 
all its functions. Would you keep well, breath is your great preven- 
tive of fevers, of consumption, of " all the ills that flesh is heir to." 
Would you break up fevers, or colds, or unload the system of morbid 
matter, or save both your constitution and doctor's fee, cover up 
warm, drink soft water — cold, if you have a robust constitution, suf- 
ficient to produce a reaction ; if not, use hot water — then breathe, 
breathe, breathe, just as fast and as much as possible of fresh air, and 
in a few hours you can " forestall and prevent " the worst attack of 
disease you ever can have; for this will both unload disease at every 
pore of skin and lungs, and infuse into the system that vis animoc 
which will both grapple with and expel disease in all its forms, and 
restore health, strength, and life. Nature has no panacea like it. Try 
the experiment, and it will revolutionize your condition. And the 
longer you try, the more it will regenerate your body and your mind. 
Even if you have the blues, deep breathing will soon dispel them, 
especially if you add vigorous exercise. Would you even put forth 
your greatest mental exertions in speaking or writing, keep your 
lungs clear up to their fullest, liveliest action. Would you even 
breathe forth your highest, holiest orisons of thanksgiving and worship 
deepening your inspiration of fresh air will likewise deepen and 
quicken your divine inspiration. Nor can even bodily pleasures be 
fully enjoyed except in and by copious breathing. In short, deep, 
copious breathing is the alpha and omega of all physical, and thereby 
of all mental and moral function and enjoyment. 

7 and 6. — Have either a full, broad, round c^iest, or a deep one, or 
both ; breathe freely, but rat jer slcH r; fiU 'V lungs clear up full at 
every inspiration, tx «d empf > them tred out at ^very expiration; are 
warm, even to the extremities; red-faced; elastic; buoyant; rarely 
ever subject to colds, and cast them off readily; feel buoyant and ani- 
mated, and are thus capable of great vigor in all the functions, 
physical and mental. 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 29 

5 and 4. — Are neither pale nor flushed, neither ardent nor cold v 
Dut a little above medium in these respects, and somewhat liable to 
colds. 

3. — Breathe little, and mainly with the top of the lungs ; move 
the chest but little in breathing, and the abdomen less, perhaps none 
at all; are often pale, yet sometimes flushed because feverish; fre- 
quently do and should draw in long breaths ; are quite liable to colds 
and coughs, which should be broken up at once, or they may induce 
consumption; often have blue veins and goose-flesh, and are frequently 
tired, listless, and sleepy, and should take particular pains to increase 
lung action. 

2. — Are strongly predisposed to lung diseases ; have blue veins 
and sallow complexion, and are very subject to coughs and colds; are 
often dull, and always tired; frequently catch a long breath, which 
should be encouraged by making all the breaths long and frequent; 
are predisposed to consumptive diseases, but can stave them off, pro- 
vided proper means are adopted; break up colds as soon as they ap- 
pear, and take particularly good care of health. 

1. — Have barely lung action enough to live, and every function 
of body or mind is poorly performed. 

To Cultivate. — First and mainly breathe deeply and rapidly; 
that is, draw long and full breaths; fill your lungs clear up full at 
every inspiration, and empty them out completely at every expira- 
tion ; not only heave the chest in breathing, but work the abdomen. 
To do this, dress loosely and sit erect, so that the diaphragm can have 
full play ; begin and keep up any extra exertion with extra lung ac* 
tion; often try how many deep and full breaths you can take ; venti- 
late your rooms, especially sleeping apartments, well, and be much of 
the time in the open air; take walks in brisk weather, with special 
reference to copious respiration; and everywhere try to cultivate full 
and frequent lung inflation, by breathing clear out, clear in, and low 
down ; that is, make all your breathing as when taking a long breath. 

THE CIRCULATION. 

" For the blood thereof is the life thereof." The blood is the great 
porter of the system; carries all the material with which to build up 
and repair every part, and hurries off all the waste material, which it 
expels through lungs and skin. 

And the heart is one circulatory instrumentality. Without heart, 
3ven lungs would be of no account, nor heart without lungs. They 



SO ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

are twin brothers, are co-workers at the very fountain-head of life 
and all its energies. Even diseased organs are unloaded of morbid 
matter, reanimated, and rebuilt mainly by blood. Blood good or poor, 
the whole system, brain and mind included, is in a good or poor con- 
dition; but blood wanting, all is wanting; heart poor, all is poor; 
heart improved, all is improved. 

7 and 6. — Have an excellent and uniform circulation, and warm 
hands, feet, and skin ; never feel chilly ; withstand cold and heat 
well ; perspire freely ; have a slow, strong, steady pulse, and are not 
liable to sickness. 

5 and 4. — Have a fair, yet not remarkably good, circulation, and 
generally, though not always, warm hands and feet ; are not much 
pinched by cold ; perspire tolerably freely, yet better if more ; and 
need to promote circulation, at least not impede it. 

3. — Have but poor circulation, along with uneasiness and palpita- 
tion of the heart ; are subject to cold hands and feet, headache, and a 
dry or clammy skin ; find the heart to beat quicker and stronger when 
drawing than expiring breath ; are chilled by cold, and overcome by 
hot, weather ; are subject to palpitation of the heart on any extra ex- 
ertion, walking fast or up stairs, or a sudden startle, etc., and very 
much need to equalize and promote the circulation. 

2. — Have weak circulatory functions, and either a fluttering pulse, 
very fast and very irregular, or it is weak and feeble ; suffer from 
chilliness, even in summer ; are very much affected by changes in the 
weather ; very cold in the extremities, and suffer much from headache, 
and heat and pressure on the brain ; are subject to brain fever, and 
often a wild, incoherent action of the brain, because the blood which 
should go to the extremities is confined mainly to the head and vital 
organs; feel a sudden pain in the head when startled or beginning to 
put forth any special exertion, and suffer very much mentally and 
physically from heart affections and their consequences. 

1. — Have scarcely any pulse, and that little is on a flutter; are 
cold, and " more dead than alive." 

To Cultivate. — Immerse hands and feet semi-weekly in water 
as hot as can be borne, ten minutes, then dash on or dip into cold 
water, and rub briskly, and heat by the fire till warm, and follow with 
active exercise, breathing at the same time according to directions just 
given ; if there is heat or pain about the heart, lay on a cloth, wrung 
out of cold water at night ; rub and pat or strike the chest on its up- 
per and left side, and restrain appetite if it is craving, and cultivate 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 31 

calmness and quiet. If sufficient vitality remains to secure reaction, 
putting the feet in ice-cold water will be of great service. 

To Restrain is not necessary, except when excessive circulation 
is consequent on disease, in which case remove the cause. A healthy 
circulation cannot be too great. 

ALIMENTATION. 

By that truly wonderful process, digestion, food and drink are mado 
to subserve intellect and moral sentiment — converted into thought and 
emotion. Then, must not different kinds of food produce different 
mental and moral traits ? A vast variety of facts answer affirmatively. 
Rollin says that pugilists, while training for the bloody arena, were fed 
exclusively on raw meat. Does not the food of lion, tiger, shark, eagle, 
etc., re-increase their ferocity, and that of deer, dove, and sheep re- 
double their docility ? Does not this principle explain the ferocity of 
the Indian, force of the Anglo-Saxon, and subserviency of the Hin- 
doo ? Since alcoholic drinks excite the animal passions more than the 
intellectual and moral faculties, why not also meat, condiments, and all 
stimulating food as well ? And why not vegetables and the cereals, by 
keeping the system cool, promote mental quiet, intellectual clearness, 
and moral elevation ? At all events, less meats and more vegetables, 
grains, and fruits would render men less sensual, and more talented 
and good. And those who would become either, must mind what and 
how they eat. 

Stomach. — 7. — Can eat anything with impunity, and digest it 
perfectly ; can live on little, or eat much, and need not be very partic- 
ular as to diet. 

6. — Have excellent digestion ; both relish and dispose of food to 
perfection ; are not liable to dyspepsia ; have good blood and plenty 
of it, and a natural hearty appetite, but prefer the substantials to knick- 
nacks ; hate a scanty meal, and have plenty of energy and good flesh. 

5. — Have good, but not first-rate digestion, and it will continue 
good till bad eating impairs it, still must not invite dyspepsia, by bad 
living. 

4. — Have only fair digestive vigor — too little to be abused — and 
need to promote it. 

3. — Have a weak digestive apparatus, and variable appetite — very 
pood, or else very poor ; are a good deal pre-inclined to dyspepsia 
often feel a goneness and sinking at the stomach, and a general lassi- 
tude and inertia ; sleep poorly, and feel tired and qualmish in the 



32 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

morning ; have either a longing, hankering, pining, hungry feeling, 
or a loathing, dainty, dormant appetite ; are displeased and dissatisfied 
with everything; irritable and peevish, dispirited, discouraged, gloomy, 
and miserable ; feel as if forsaken and neglected - are easily agitated, 
and oppressed with an indefinable sense of dread, as if some impending 
calamity awaited; and should make the improvement of digestion the 
first business of life. 

2 and 1. — Are like 3, only more so. Eveiything eaten gives pain, 
and life is but a burden. 

To Cultivate. — Eat simple, plain, dry food, of winch unbolted 
wheaten bread, and especially crackers made thereof, are best ; and 
but little at that, especially if the appetite is ravenous ; and masticate 
and salivate thoroughly; eat in a cheerful, lively, pleasant spirit, talk- 
ing and laughing at meals; consult appetite, or eat sparingly and 
leisurely that which relishes ; boiled wheat, or puddings made of 
wheaten flour, or grits, or oatmeal, or rye flour, eaten with cream and 
sugar, being the best staple article — say a teacupful of wheat or Gra- 
ham flour per day, thoroughly boiled; should eat little after 5 p. M., 
and if hurried in business, before or after, but not during business 
hours, nor in a hurried, anxious state of mind, but as if determined to 
enjoy it ; above all, should cast off care, grief, business anxieties, 
troubles, and all painful remembrances and forebodings, and just lux- 
uriate in the passing moment. 

Dyspepsia, now so alarmingly prevalent, is more a mental than 
corporeal disease — is consequent more on a worried, feverish, un 
happy state of mind, than stomachic disorder merely. It is usually 
brought on by eating very fast right after working very hard, and thei» 
working very hard right after eating too fast and too much, which 
allows so little energy to go to the stomach, that its contents ferment 
instead of being digested, which inflames the whole system, and causes 
morbid action in both the mental and physical functions. This inflam- 
mation creates a craving, hankering appetite, as well as a general 
irritable state of mind. But the more food is eaten the more it re-in- 
flames the stomach, and thereby re- increases these morbid hankerings; 
while denying appetite diminishes this inflammation and consequent 
hungering and irritability. Sometimes eating gives temporary relief 
right before what has just been eaten ferments, but only re-increases 
the pain soon afterward. Starvation is the cure in all cases of a cra- 
ving appetite, but a poor appetite needs pampering, by providing any 
iainties that may relish. Or, perhaps the system is pining for want 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 33 

of some special aliment. If so, the appetite will hanker after it, and 
Bhould be gratified, however seemingly unnatural, provided it be an 
alimentary article. (See Alimentiveness.) Above all, avoid alcohol 
and tobacco in all their forms, and also tea and coffee, using instead, 
a coffee made by browning wheat, rye, peas, corn, sweet potatoes, 
bread, etc., and prepared the same as Java. 

Next, rub and pat, or lightly pound the stomach, liver, and bowels. 
While in college, a graduate came around advertising a specific panacea 
for dyspepsia, but requiring secrecy. It consisted simply in rubbing and 
kneading the abdomen. This supplies that mechanical action which 
restores them to functional action. Those manual exercises which call 
the abdominal muscles into special action, are preeminently useful, such 
as lowing, chopping wood, hoeing, and various gymnastic exercises. 1 

If the stomach is sore or painful, lay on at night a wet cloth, with 
a dry one over it, folded several thicknesses. If the bowels are torpid, 
induce an action of them at a given hour daily, and live much on 
boiled wheat, unbolted wheaten bread, and puddings, figs, and fruits, 
if the stomach will bear them. Observe all the health laws with 
scrupulous fidelity, relying more on nature, but little on medicines, 
and remit no efforts and spare no exertions to restore digestion ; for, 
till you do, you can only half think, study, remember, feel, transact 
business, or do or enjoy anything. 

To Restrain it, make less a god of the appetite, direct, or work 
up in other respects those energies now consumed by the stomach, and 
44 be temperate in all things." 

The Abdominal Viscera complete the digestive functions. The 
stomach may solve its food, yet dormant liver, intestines, and mesen- 
tery glands fail to appropriate it. Or the latter may be good, and 
former poor. 

7 and 6. — Are very fleshy, round-favored, and fat, and eliminate 
food material faster than it is consumed, besides sleeping well, and en- 
joying ease and comfort, and do only what must be done. 

5 and 4. — Have a good, fair share of flesh and abdominal fullness, 
and appropriate about as much food as the system requires. 

3. — Are rather slim, poor in flesh, and gaunt; may digest food well, 
but sluggish bowels and mesenteries fail to take up and empty into the 
circulation enough to fully sustain the life-functions, and have hence 
strong tendencies to constipation. 

1 See the author's new work on Physiology for the fullest exposition cf thi# 
4nd all the other physical functions. 



34 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

2. — Are very slim, poor, dormant, weak, and dyspeptic. 
To Restrain. — Breathe deeply, work hard, sleep little, and eat 
lightly. 

The Motive or Muscular Temperament. 

Motion is a necessary and an integral part and parcel of life itself. 
What could man do, what be, without it ? How walk, work, or move ? 
How even breathe, digest, or circulate blood ? — for what are these, in- 
deed what all the physical functions, but action in its various phases ? 

And this action is effected by means of bones and muscles or fibres, 
the fleshy portions of the system. These bones constitute the founda* 
tion on which the muscular superstructure is built, are articulated at 
their ends by joints, and firmly bound together by ligaments which 
allow free motion. Toward the middle of these bones the muscles are 
firmly attached, so that when they contract they give motion to the 
end of the bone opposite the belly of the muscle. These muscles, of 
which there are some 527 in the human body, constitute the lean meat 
or red flesh of all animals, and are rendered red by the immense num- 
ber of minute blood-vessels which are ramified upon every fibre of 
every muscle, in order to resupply that vital power which is expended 
by its exercise. The contractile power of these muscles is truly aston- 
ishing, as is evident from the wonderful feats of strength and agility 
of which man is capable; and that, too, though these muscles act 
under a great mechanical disadvantage. 

These bones and muscles collectively constitute the frame-work of 
the system — give it its build and form — are to the man what the 
timbers, ropes, and pulleys are to the ship, and constitute the Motive 
Temperament. Its predominance confers power of constitution, and 
strength of character and feeling. 

7. — Are lean, spare; of good size and height, and athletic; have 
strongly marked features ; a large, Roman nose; high and large cheek- 
bones; large and broad front-teeth; all the bones of the body project- 
ing; a deep, grum, bass voice; distinctly marked muscles and blood- 
vessels; large joints; hard flesh; great muscular power or physical 
strength; ease of action, and love of physical labor, of lifting, work- 
ing, etc.; dark, and often coarse, stiff, abundant, and perhaps bushy 
hair; if a man, a black and heavy beard ; dark skin and eyes; a 
harsh, expressive visage; strong, but coarse and harsh feelings — the 
movements like those of the draught-horse, slow, but powerful and 
efficient ; tough ; thorough-going ; forcible; strongly marked, if not 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 



35 



idiosyncratic ; determined, motive, j>r muscular temperament. 
and impressive both phys- 
icaily and mentally; and 
stamp their character on all 
they touch, of whom Alex- 
ander Campbell furnishes a 
good example. The motive, 
7, mental, 6, and vital, 5, 
are capable of powerful and 
sustained mental effort, and 
great power in any depart- 
ment, especially that of mind 
as mind, of swaying a com- 
manding influence over 
mankind, taking the lead in 
a large business, etc. This 
temperament is always ac- 
companied by prodigious 
coronal and perceptive re- 
gions, Firmness, and Com- 
bativeness, and large I)e- 
structiveness — its natural No. 131.— Alexander Campbell. 
accompaniment — the very organs required to re-increase its force 
and efficiency, and indispensable to its exercise. 

6. — Are like 7, except less in degree ; are tough, hardy, and 
strong constitutioned ; evince power, efficiency, and force in whatever 
is undertaken; use strong expressions; are stout, limber-jointed, and 
both need and can endure a world of action and fatigue ; are like a 
fire made of anthracite coal, making a slow but powerful and contin- 
uous heat, and will make a decided mark in the business world, or in 
whatever other department these energies may be exercised. With the 
vital 6 or 7, and the mental 3 or 4, are broad and prominent in form ; 
large, tall, well proportioned, broad-shouldered, and muscular; usually 
coarse-featured, homely, stern, and awkward ; enjoy hard work more 
than books or literary pursuits ; have great power of feeling, and thus 
require much self-government ; are endowed with good sense, but 
have a poor way of showing it ; are strong-minded, but possess more 
talents than power to exhibit them ; manifest talents more in managing 
machinery, creating resources, and directing large operations than in 
mind as such; improve with age, growing better and more intellectual 




36 



ORGANIC CONDITIONS 



VITAL MOTIVE. 



accomplish wonders; are hard to beat, indomitable, and usually useful 
citizens, but endowed with strong passions when once roused; and 
capable of being deeply depraved, especially if given to drink. 

5. — Have a good share of the hearty, enduring, efficient, and po- 
tential; move right forward, with determination and vigor, irrespective 

of hindrances; bring a good 
deal to pass; and are like 6, 
only less so. 

4. — Are not deficient in 
motive power, yet more would 
be better; wrought up by 
special circumstances, can put 
forth unwonted strength; but 
it will be spasmodic, and liable 
to overstrain; can work hard, 
but are loth to ; prefer the 
sedentary to the active, and 
business to labor; with the 
vital 6 or 7 are indolent phys- 
ically, and do only what can- 
not be avoided, and need to 
cultivate muscular power. 

3. — Dislike work; prefer 
sitting to moving, and riding 
to labor ; may be quick and flashy, but are not powerful ; lack 
strength and weight of character ; need much more exercise than 
they love to take ; and first of all should cultivate both muscular action 
and strength of character. With the vital 6, and mental 6 or 7, are 
rather small-boned, but plump, well formed, light complexioned, 
and often handsome ; have usually auburn or flaxen hair ; are most 
exquisitely organized, most pathetic and sympathetic, sentimental, ex- 
alted, and spiritual ; have redoubled glow and fervor of feeling, derived 
from both the vital and mental, which they are hardly able to contain; 
easily receive and communicate impressions ; are quite too much in- 
fluenced by first impressions, and intuitive likes and dislikes; have 
hobbies; are most enthusiastic; throw a great amount of feeling into 
everything; use strong and hyperbolical expressions ; are fond of com- 
pany, if not forward in it; have a quick, clear, sharp, keen, active 
mind, and good business talents * a ready flow of ideas and a taleni 




No. 132. — Phixeas Stevexs. 



AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 



37 




for communicating them, either on motive 3, mental 7, vital 4. 
paper or in social conversation; show- 
taste, refinement, and delicacy in 
everything ; have an under-current 
of pure, virtuous feeling, which will 
prevent the grosser manifestation of 
animal passion, and give the intel- 
lectual and moral the ascendency ; 
sin cnly under some sudden and pow- 
erful excitement ; are passionately 
fond of poetry, novels, tales, light 
and sentimental reading, belles-let- 
tres, newspapers, etc., and inclined to 
attempt this kind of composition; Xo. 133. — Fanny Forester. 
have a retentive memory, shrewdness, smartness, and enough of selfish- 
ness to take good care of self, yet not sufficient momentum or power 
to become great, but are rather effeminate. This temperament is 
found much oftener and more perfect in females than males, and is 
admirably illustrated by Fanny Forester. Children thus organized 
are precocious, and liable to die prematurely, and their physical cul- 
ture would save to their parents and the world those brightest stars, 
which now generally set while rising, to shine no more on earth. 

Mental 7, vital 5, and motive 3, may be smart, but cannot be great ; 
may be brilliant, but are flashy, meteoric, vapid, too emotional, imag- 
inative, and impulsive, and like a fire made of pine wood or shavings, 
intense, but momentary. 

2 and 1. — Work, walk, move, and use muscles only when obliged 
to ; pre -incline much more to the emotional and vapid than potential, 
and should cultivate the muscles assiduously. 

Muscular Exercise is indispensable to greatness and happi- 
ness. By a law of things, all parts must be exercised in about equal 
proportions. When the brain is worked more than the muscles, it 
becomes partially congested, loses its snap, leaves the mind dull, 
memory indefinite, and thought obtuse, which exercise remedies. 
None need ever think of becoming great intellectually, however 
splendid their heads or temperaments, without much vigorous exer- 
iise and real hard work, even. All eminent men have laid the 
foundations of their superiority by working hard during their minor- 
ity, and continuing to exercise daily through life ; while those students 
brought up without labor rarely take a high intellectual stand, except 



38 ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 

in parrot-like scholarship. They always lack vim and pll;h, and close, 
hard thought. And this deficiency grows on them. Mm Quincy 
Adams always rose before the sun to take his exercise, and as he 
became old took much of it in swimming, which he said gave the 
required exercise without heating his blood. Benton took a great 
amount of exercise. Jefferson always worked " like a Trojan." 
Webster would have his seasons of hunting, fishing, and rowing, be- 
sides taking a daily walk. Washington was a robust, hard-working 
farmer and soldier. Physical exercise is as indispensable to great* 
ness as the intellectual organs themselves. And one principal reason 
why so many men, having all the phrenological indications of great- 
ness, do not distinguish themselves, is a want of physical exercise. 

To Cultivate. — Take all the muscular exercise you can well 
endure, but only gentle; make yourself comfortably tired every day; 
choose those kinds of exercise most agreeable, but practice some 
kind assiduously ; dance more and sit less ; if a child, should be 
allowed to run and pla} , to skate and slide down hill, romp and 
race, wrestle, practice gymnastics, climb and tear round all it likes, 
and furnished with playmates to encourage this out-of-door life. Fear 
neither exposure nor dirt, clothes or shoes, bad associates, or any- 
thing else which furnishes this great desideratum. 

To Restrain. — Use the muscles less and brain more. 

7. — The Mental TEMrERAMENT. 

This embraces the brain and nerves, or that portion of the system 
sailed into exercise in the production of mind as such, or thought, 
feeling, sensation, memory, etc. 

The brain consists at first of a mere ganglion of nervous matter, 
formed at the top of the spinal column. To this additions are made 
upward and forward, forming, successively, the brains of various ani- 
mals, from that of the fish and toad, through that of the dog and 
monkey, up to the perfectly developed brain of the human adult. 
Let it be observed that the base of the brain, or the animal organs, 
which alone can be exercised by infants, are developed first, while 
Benevolence, Amativeness, Veneration, Constructiveness, and some 
others which cannot be exercised by them, are not developed till 
some years after birth. 

The construction of the brain is most interesting. Its internal 
portion is fibrous, while its outer is soft and gelatinous. It is folded 
up into layers or furrows, called convolutions, which are expanded. 



THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 39 

by dropsy of the brain, into a nervous sheet or web. These convc* 
iutions allow a great amount of nervous matter to be packed up in 
a small compass, and their depth and size are proportionate to the 
amount of mind and talent. Thus in animals and idiots they are 
small and shallow ; in men of ordinary talents much deeper ; while 
the dissectors of the brains of Cuvier, Lord Byron, and other great 
men, remark with astonishment upon their size and depth. 

Some writers say five times as much blood is sent to the brain in 
proportion to its volume as is sent to any other portion of the system, 
some say eight times, others fifteen, and one twenty ; but all agree 
that it consumes many times more blood relatively, than any other 
part. The difference between them is doubtless owing to the differ- 
ence in the talents of those experimented upon, intellectual subjects 
having the most. The distinctness and protrusion of the veins in the 
heads of great men, as also the immediate filling up of these veins 
when one laughs or becomes excited, have the same cause. 

Through the medium of the spinal column, and by means of the 
nerves which go off from the spinal marrow through the joints of the 
back-bone, the brain holds intercourse with every part of the body, 
the nerves being ramified upon every portion of its surface, so that 
not even the point of a needle can penetrate any portion of it without 
lacerating them, and thus producing pain. This spinal marrow is 
composed of four principal columns, the two anterior ones exercising 
voluntary motion, the two posterior ones sensation. Let the nerves 
which go off from the two posterior columns be severed at their root, 
and the parts on which they are ramified will be destitute of sensa- 
tion, not feeling anything, though able to move ; but on severing the 
nerves which go off from the two anterior columns, though the patient 
will feel the prick of the needle, he will be unable to move the limb 
to which the nerve goes. Now, observe that these two anterior or 
motor columns are in direct connection with the frontal portion of the 
brain, in which the intellectual organs are located, so that each can 
communicate freely with the other, while the two posterior columns, 
or those of sensation, are in connection with the back part of the 
brain, in which the organs of the feelings are located. They are 
most abundant on the outer surface of the body, and accordingly the 
skin and adjacent flesh is the seat of much more intense pain from 
wounds than the internal portions. 

7. — Have a small stature ; light build ; small bones and muscles ; 
ft slim, tall, spare, sprightly person ; quickness of motion ; great phy» 



40 ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 

ical activity, too much for strength ; sharp features and plirenolop 
ical organs ; thin lips ; small, pointed nose ; and sharp teeth, liabL? 
to premature decay. [See Fanny Forester, cut 133.] Are charac- 
terized mentally by a predominance of mind over body, so that its 
states affect the body more than the body does the mind ; are in the 
highest degree susceptible to the influence of stimuli, and of all ex- 
citing causes; are refined and delicate in feeling and expression, and 
easily disgusted with anything coarse, vulgar, or out of taste ; enjoy 
and suffer in the highest degree ; are subject to extremes of feeling; 
have the disgusts, sympathies, and prepossessions easily excited ; 
experience a vividness and intensity of emotion, and a clearness, 
pointedness, and rapidity of thought, perception, and conception, and 
a love of mental exercise imparted by no other temperament ; have 
a deep flow of pure and virtuous feeling, which will effectually resist 
vicious inclinations ; intense desires, and put forth correspondingly 
vigorous efforts to gratify them ; are eager in pursuits, and feel that 
their ends are of the utmost importance, and must be answered now ; 
are thus liable to overdo, and prematurely exhaust the physical 
powers, which are poor at best ; are very fond of reading and study, 
of thinking and reasoning, of books and literary pursuits, of conver- 
sation, and all kinds of information, and apt to lie awake at night, 
thinking, or feeling, or reading ; incline to some profession, or light 
mentalr occupation, such as a clerk, merchant, teacher, or if a me- 
chanic, should be a goldsmith, or architect, or something requiring 
light action, but not hard lifting, or more head work than hand work ; 
should avoid close application ; take much pleasurable recreation and 
exercise ; avoid all kinds of stimulants, wines, tobacco, tea and coffee 
included ; endeavor to enjoy existence ; and avoid being worried. 

6. — Are like 7 in character, only less in degree ; more given to 
intellectual and moral than animal pleasures, and action than rest ; 
cannot endure slow or stupid employees ; with the motive 6, are of 
good size ; rather tall, slim, lean, and raw-boned, if not homely and 
awkward ; have prominent bones and features, particularly front 
teeth and nose ; a firm and distinct muscle ; a tough, wiry, excellent 
physical organization ; a firm, straightforward, rapid, energetic walk; 
great ease and efficiency of action, with little fatigue ; a keen, pene- 
trating eye; large joints, hands, feet, etc. ; a long face and head, and 
a high head and forehead ; a brain developed more from the nose 
over to the occiput than around the ears ; large intellectua 1 and mora] 



THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 41 

organs ; strong desires, and great power of will and energy of char- 
acter ; vigorous passions ; a natural love of hard work, and capaciti 
for carrying forward and managing great undertakings ; that thoi- 
ough-going spirit which takes right hold of great projects with both 
hands, and drives into and through thick and thin, in spite of obstacles 
and opposition, however great, and thus accomplishes wonders ; supe- 
rior business talents ; unusual strength and vigor of intellect ; strong 
common sense ; good general judgment ; with a large intellectual 
lobe, and a cool, clear, long, calculating head ; a reflective, planning, 
discriminating cast of mind, and talents more solid than brilliant ; 
are more fond of the natural sciences than literature ; of philosoph) 
than history ; of the deep, solid branches than belles-lettres ; of a 
professional and mental than laborious vocation ; of mental than 
bodily action ; and the moral than sensual. 

5. — Have good, fair muscles ; are quite prominent-featured, ea^y 
of motion, enduring, tough, hardy, clear-headed, and fond of intel- 
lectual pursuits ; have good ideas, and excellent native sense and 
judgment; talk, speak, and write to the purpose, if at all; We ac- 
tion and exercise, and walk and work easily ; are efficient, and capa- 
ble of doing up a good life labor, but not a genius. With the vital 
6, are sprightly, lively, vivacious, and happy ; and with the motive 3, 
are not adapted to a life of labor, but should choose some office busi- 
ness, yet exercise a great deal — no matter how much. 

4. — Have fair mental action, if circumstances fully call it forth ; 
if not, are commonplace ; must depend for talents more on culture 
and plodding studiousness than natural genius ; with culture, can do 
well, without it little ; with the motive and vital 6 or 7, are far bet- 
ter adapted to farming or manual pursuits than literary, and should 
cultivate intellect and memory. 

3. — Have little love of literary pursuits ; are rather dull, and fall 
asleep over books and sermons ; and cannot marshal ideas for speak- 
ing or writing. 

2. — Are exceedingly dull of comprehension; slow of perception; 
poor in judgment and memory ; hate books ; must be told what and 
how to do ; and should seek the direction of superior minds. 

1. — Are almost senseless and idiotic. 

A WELL-BALANCED TEMPERAMENT 

is by far the best, that most favorable to true greatness and general 



42 



ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 



A WELL-BALANCED TEMPERAMENT. 



genius, to strength of character, 
along with perfection, and to har- 
mony and consistency through- 
out, is one in which each is 
strongly marked, and all about 
equally developed. 

Excessive motive with defi- 
cient mental gives power with 
sluggishness, so that the talents 
lie dormant. Excessive vital 
gives physical power and enjoy- 
ment, but too little of the mental 
and moral, along with coarseness 
and animality. Excessive mental 
confers too much mind for body, 
too much sentimentalism and 
exquisiteness, along with green- 
house precocity. Whereas their 
equal balance gives an abundant 
supply of vital energy, physical 
stamina, and mental power and 
susceptibility. They may be 
No. 134. — Washington. compared to the several parts of 

a steamboat and its appurtenances. The vital is the steam-power ; 
the motive, the hulk or frame-work ; the mental, the freight and pas- 
sengers. The vital predominant generates more animal energy than 
can well be worked off, which causes restlessness, excessive passion, 
and a pressure which endangers outbursts and overt actions ; pre- 
dominant motive gives too much frame or hulk ; moves slowly, and 
with weak mental, is too light freighted to secure the great ends of 
life ; predominant mental overloads, and endangers sinking ; but all 
equally balanced and powerful, carry great loads rapidly and well, 
and accomplish wonders. Such persons unite cool judgment with 
intense and well-governed feelings ; great force of character and in- 
tellect with perfect consistency ; scholarship with sound common 
sense ; far-seeing sagacity with brilliancy ; and have the highest 
order of both physiology and mentality. Such a temperament had 
.he immortal Washington, and his character corresponded. 

Most diseases, too, are consequent on this predominance or defi- 
ciency of one or another of these temperaments, and when either 




FORM INDICATES CHARACTER. 48 

fail, all fail. Hence the infinite importance of cultivating those that 
are weak. A well-balanced phrenology is equally important, and itf 
absence unfavorable. 

7 or 6. — Are uniform, consistent, harmonious in character, even- 
tempered, popular, and generally liked; not remarkable for any 
specialties of talents or character, nor for any deficiencies, and 
" maintain the even tenor of their way " among men. 

5 or 4. — Are in the main consistent, and in harmony with them- 
selves, but more or less affected by circumstances ; show general 
uniformity of life and doctrine, but different circumstances chang? 
their characters. 

3. — Have uneven heads and characters ; are singular in expres- 
sion, looks, and doctrine, and variable in conduct ; often inconsistent, 
and with excitability 6 or 7, the creatures of circumstances : take 
one-sided views of things ; are poor counselors ; need and should 
take advice ; are easily warped in judgment ; propound strange ideas, 
and run after novelties ; and need to cultivate unity and homoge- 
neousness of opinion and conduct. 

2. — Are like 3, only more so ; are nondescripts ; idiosyncratic in 
everything ; just like themselves, but unlike anybody else ; and nei- 
ther like, nor are liked by, others. 

To Cultivate. — Exercise the weaker and restrain the stronger 
faculties and temperaments according to directions in this work. 

HOMOGENEOUSNESS, OR ONENESS OF STRUCTURE. 

Every part of everything bears an exact correspondence to every 
other part of it. Thus, tall-bodied trees have long branches ond 
leaves; short-bodied trees, short branches and roots; and creep yig 
vines, as the grape, honeysuckle, etc., long, slim roots that run under 
ground as extensively as their tops do above. The Rhode Island 
Greening, a large, well-proportioned apple, grows on a tree large in 
trunk, limb, leaf, and root, and symmetrical, while the gillefleur is 
conical, and its tree long-limbed, and runs up high to a peak at the 
!»p, while flat and broad-topped trees bear wide, flat, sunken-eyed 
apples. Very thrifty growing trees, as the Baldwin, Fall Pippin, 
Bartlett, Black Tartarian, etc., generally bear large fruit ; while small 
fruit, as the Seckel pear, Lady Apple, Belle de Choisy cherry, etc., 
grow slowly and have many small twigs and branches. Trees that 
bear red fruit, as the Baldwin, etc., have red inner bark ; while yel- 
low and green -colored fruits grow on trees the inner rind of who&e 



44 THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 

limbs is yellow or green. Peach-trees that bear early peaches have 
deeply-notched leaves, and the converse of late ones ; so that, by 
these and other physiognomical signs, experienced nurserymen can 
tell what a given tree bears at first sight. 

Correspondingly, long-handed persons have long fingers, toes, arms, 
legs, bodies, heads, and phrenological organs ; while short and broad- 
shouldered persons are short and broad-handed, fingered, faced, 
nosed, and limbed, and wide and low bodied. When the bones on 
the hand are prominent, all the bones, nose included, are equally so, 
and thus of all other characteristics of the hand, and every other 
portion of all bodies. Hence, ever) hand proclaims the general char- 
acter of its owner, because if it is large or small, hard or soft, strong 
or weak, firm or flabby, coarse-grained or fine-textured, even or prom- 
inent, rough or smooth, small-boned or large-boned, or whatever else, 
the whole body is built upon the same principle, with which the brain 
and mentality also correspond. Hence, also, small-nosed persons 
have little soul, and large-nosed a great deal of character of some 
kind. 

Bonaparte chose large-nosed men for his generals, and the opinion 
prevails that large noses indicate long heads and strong minds, not 
because great noses cause great minds, but because the motive or 
powerful temperament causes both. Flat noses indicate flatness of 
mind and character, by indicating a poor, low, organic structure. 
Broad noses indicate large passage-ways to the lungs, and therefore 
laroe lun^s and vital organs, and this, great strength of constitution, 
and hearty animal passions, along with selfishness ; for broad noses, 
broad shoulders, broad heads, and lar«;e animal organs £0 together. 
But when the nose is narrow at the base, the nostrils are small, be- 
cause the lungs are small, and need but small avenues for air, which 
indicates a predisposition to consumptive complaints, along with an 
active brain and nervous system, and a passionate fondness for lit- 
erary pursuits. Sharp noses indicate a quick, clear, penetrating, 
searching, knowing, sagacious mind, and also a scold ; indicate 
warmth of love, hate, generosity, moral sentiment — indeed, positive- 
ness in everything, while blunt noses indicate and accompany obtuse 
intellects and perceptions, sluggish feelings, and a soulless character. 
The Roman nose indicates a martial spirit, love of debate, resistance, 
and strong passions, while straight, finely-formed Grecian noses indi- 
cate harmonious characters. Seek their acquaintance. We have 
chosen our illustrations from the nose, because it is easily seen and 



THE FOUR FORMS. 45 

described, and renders observations on the character easy and cor- 
rect. But the principle here exemplified applies to all the other 
organs and portions of the face and body. 

And the general forms of the head correspond with those of the 
body and nose. Where the nose is sharp, all the bones and phren- 
ological organs, and of course mental characteristics, are equally 
sharp — the whole person being built on the sharp principle, and 
thus of breadth, prominence, length, etc. 

Tall persons have high heads, and are aspiring, aim high, and seek 
D>nspicuosity, while short ones have flat heads, and seek the lower 
forms of worldly pleasures. Tall persons are rarely mean, though 
often grasping; but very penurious persons are often broad-built. 
Small persons generally have exquisite mentalities, yet less power — 
the more precious the article the smaller the package in which it is 
done up — while great men are rarely dwarfs, though great size often 
£oexists with sluggishness. To particularize — there are four leading 
forms which indicate generic characteristics, all existing in every one, 
yet in different degrees. They are — 

1. — PROMINENCE INDICATES POWER. 

" A lean horse for a long pull " is an observation as true as trite. 
This corresponds with the motive temperament, which it indicates. 

2. — BREADTH AS INDICATING ANIMALITY. 

Spherical forms are naturally self-protecting. Roundness protects 
its possessor. So all round-built animals, as Indian pony, bull-dog, 
elephant, etc., are strong-constitutioned, tough, enduring, and very 
hardy, but less active and sprightly in body and mind. And this 
applies equally to human beings. Broad-built persons may be indus- 
trious, plodding, good-feeling, and the like, but love their ease, are 
not brilliant, and take good care of self. Yet they wear like iron, 
and unless health has been abused, can live to a great age. This 
form corresponds with the vital temperament. 

3. — ACTIVITY INDICATED BY LENGTH. 

In and by the nature of things length of form facilitates ease of 
action. Thus, deer, gazelle, greyhound, giraffe, tiger, weasel, ermine, 
eel, and all long and slim animals, are quick-motioned, lively, 
sprightly, nimble, and agile. The same principle applies equally to 
persons. Thus, those very long-favored, or in whom this form is 



16 



THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 



7. — Are as quick as a flash to perceive and do ; agile ; light-mo- 
tioned, limber-jointed; nimble; always in motion; restless as the 
wind ; talk too rapidly to be emphatic ; have no lazy bones in their 
bodies ; are always moving head, hands, feet, something ; are natural 
scholars ; quick to learn and understand ; remarkably smart and 
knowing ; loving action for its own sake ; wide awake ; eager, uncom- 
monly quick to think and feel ; sprightly in conversation ; versatile 
in talent ; flexible ; suggestive ; abounding in idea ; apt at most 
things ; predisposed to consumption, because action exceeds strength ; 
early ripe ; brilliant ; liable to premature exhaustion and disease, 
because the mentality predominates over the vitality, of which the 
late Captain Knight, who had a world-wide reputation for activity, 
enterprise, daring, impetuosity, promptness, judgment, earnesftiess, 
long, sHARr, and active. executiveness, affability, and sprighl- 

liness, furnishes a good example. 

6. — Are active, restless, brisk, 
stirring, lively, anything but lazy, 
with a good organism ; are quick- 
spoken ; clear-headed ; understand 
matters and things at the first glance ; 
see right into and through business, 
and all they touch, readily ; are 
real workers with head or hands, 
but prefer head-work ; positive ; the 
one thing or the other; and are 
strongly pre-inclined to the intellec- 
tual and moral. Their characters, 
unless perverted, like their persons, 
ascend instead of descending ; and 
they are better adapted to law, mer- 
chandise, banking, or business than 
to farming, or heavy mechanical 
work. Yet, if mechanics, should 
choose those kinds requiring more 
sprightliness than strength, and mind 
than muscle. 

5 or 4. — Have a fair, but only fair, share of natural activity and 
sprightliness ; do what they well can, and with tolerable ease, but do 
liot love action for its own sake. 

3. — Are rather inactive ; do only what they must, and that grudg- 




No. 135. — Captain E. Knight. 



SHARPNESS INDICATES EXCITABILITY. 47 

ingly ; love to be waited on, but not to wait ; and get along with the 
fewest steps possible ; seek a sedentary life, and are as loth to exer- 
cise mind as body. 

2 and 1. — Are downright slothful, lazy, and good for nothing to 
themselves or others. 

To Cultivate. — Keep doing, doing, doing all the time, and in 
as lively and sprightly a manner as possible ; and live more on foot 
than seated. 

To Restrain. — Sit down and rest when tired, and let the world 
jog on while you enjoy it. Do only half you think you must, and be 
content to let the rest go undone. Try to be lazy. Work as few 
hours as possible, and get along with the least outlay of strength pos- 
sible. Do sit down, and enjoy what you have already got, instead of 
trying to get so much more. Live on your laurels. Don't tear and 
fret if all is not exactly to your liking, but cultivate contentment. 

4. EXCITABILITY INDICATED BY SHARPNESS. 

All sharp things are, in and by the very nature of their form, pen- 
etrating, of which the needle furnishes an example. And this law 
applies equally to human beings. From time immemorial a sharp 
nose has been considered indicative of a scolding disposition : yet it 
is equally so of intensity in the other feelings, as well as temper. 

7. — Are extremely susceptible to impressions of all kinds ; intensely 
excited by trifles ; apt to magnify good, bad, everything, far beyond 
the reality ; a creature of impulse and mere feeling ; subject to ex- 
treme ups and downs of emotion ; one hour in the garret, the next in 
the cellar ; extremely liable to neuralgia and nervous affections ; with 
quality and activity 6 or 7, have ardent desires ; intense feelings ; 
keen susceptibilities ; enjoy and suffer in the extreme ; are whole- 
souled ; sensitive ; positive in likes and dislikes ; cordial ; enthusi- 
astic ; impulsive ; have hobbies ; abound in good-feeling, yet are 
quick-tempered ; excitable ; liable to extremes ; have a great deal of 
soul or passion, and warmth of feeling ; are brilliant writers or 
speakers, but too refined and sensitive for the mass of mankind ; 
eleam in the career of genius, but burn out the vital powers on the 
altar of nervous excitability, and like Pollok, Henry Kirke White, 
Macdonald Clarke, and Leggett, fall victims to premature death, and 
should keep clear from all false excitements and stimulants, mental 
*nd physical, such as tea, coffee, tobacco, drugs, and alcoholic drinks, 
and cool off and keep cool. 



48 THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 

6. — Are like 7, only less so ; warm-hearted, impetuous, impulsive, 
full of soul, and too susceptible to external influences ; swayed too 
much by feeling ; and need much self-government and coolness. 

5. — Are sufficiently sensitive and susceptible to exciting causes, 
ye^t not passional, nor impulsive ; and easily roused, yet not easily 
carried away by excitements. With activity 6 or 7, are very quick, 
but perfectly cool ; decide and act instantly, yet knowingly ; do noth- 
ing without thinking, but think and do instantaneously ; are never 
flustered, but combine great rapidity with perfect self-possession. 

4. — Are like the placid lake — no waves, no noise, and evince the 
game quiet spirit under all circumstances. 

3. — Are rather phlegmatic ; slow to perceive and feel ; rather cold 
and passionless ; rarely ever elated or depressed ; neither love nor 
hate, enjoy nor suffer, much ; are enthusiastic in nothing, and throw 
little life or soul into expressions or actions. 

2. — Are torpid, soulless, listless, spiritless, half asleep about every- 
thing, and monotonous and mechanical in everything. 

1 . — Are really stupid, and about as dead and hard as sole-leather 
— having the texture of humanity, but lacking its life and glow, and 
enjoy and suffer very little. 

To Cultivate. — Yield yourself up to the effects or influences 
of persons and things operating on you ; seek amusements and ex- 
citements ; and try to feel more than comes natural to you. 

To Restrain. — First, fulfill all the health conditions, so as 
thereby to allay all false excitement, and secure a quiet state of the 
body. Eat freely of lettuce, but avoid spices and condiments. Air, 
exercise, water, and sleep, and avoiding stimulants, constitute your 
great physical opiates. Second, avoid all unpleasant mental excite- 
ments, and by mere force of will cultivate a calm, qui^t, luxurious, 
to-day-enjoying frame of mind. If in trouble, banish it, and make 
yourself as happy as possible. Take lessons of Quakers. 

These primary forms and characteristics usually combine in dif- 
ferent degrees, producing, of course, corresponding differences in the 
talents and characteristics. Thus, eloquence accompanies breadth 
combined with sharpness. They create that gushing sympathy, that 
spontaneous overflowing of soul, that high- wrought, impassioned ec- 
stasy and intensity of emotion in which true eloquence consists, and 
transmit it less by words than look, gesture, and those touching, 
melting, soul-stirring, thrilling intonations which storm the citadel 
of the soul. Hence it can never be written, but must be seen, heard. 



AS AFFECTING THE MENTALITY. 49: 

and felt. This sharpness and breadth produce it first by giving 
great lungs to exhilarate the speaker, and send the blood frothing 
and foaming to the brain, and secondly, by conferring the utmost 
excitability and intensity of emotion ; and it is in this exhilaration 
that real eloquence mainly consists. This sharp and broad form pre- 
dominates in Bascom, whom Clay pronounced the greatest natural 
orator he ever heard ; in Chapin and Beecher, to-day confessedly our 
finest speakers in the pulpit or the rostrum ; in Everett ; in '• the old 
man eloquent," indeed, both the Adamses ; in Dr. Bethune and a 
host of others. Still, in Patrick Henry, Pitt, and John B. Gough, 
each unequaled in his day and sphere, the sharp combines with the 
long. This gives activity united with excitability. Yet this form 
gives also the poetic more than the oratorical — gives the impas- 
sioned, which is the soul of both. 

Authorship, again, is usually accompanied by the long, prominent, 
and sharp. Reference is not now had to flippant scribblers of exciting 
newspaper squibs, or even of dashing editorials, or highfalutin pro- 
ductions, nor to mere compilers, but to the authors of deep, sound, 
original, philosophical, clear-headed, labored productions. It pre- 
dominates in Revs. Jonathan Edwards, Wilbur Fiske, N. Taylor, Dr. 
E. A. Parke, Leonard Bacon, Albert Barnes, Oberlin, Pres. Day, Drs. 
Parish and Rush, Pres. Hitchcock, Hugh L. White, Dr. Caldwell, 
Elias Hicks, Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, Chief-Justice Marshall, 
Calhoun, John Q. Adams, Percival, Noah Webster, George Combe, 
Lucretia Mott, Catherine Waterman, Mrs. Sigourney, and nearly 
every distinguished author and scholar. 



THE POETIC, OR LONG AND SHARP FORM. 

Foetry inheres in various forms. Some distinguished poets are 
broad and sharp, others long and sharp, but all sharp. Those who 
evolve the highest, finest, and most fervid style and cast of sentiment, 
have more'of the long, with less of the prominent, yet with the long 
predominating over the sharp, and are often quite tall. Wm. C. Bry- 
ant furnishes an excellent illustration of this shape, as his character 
does of its accompanying mentality. Those who poetize the passions 
are, like orators, broad and sharp, of whom Byron furnishes an ex- 
ample in poetry and configuration. The best combination of forms 
for writers and scholars is the sharp predominant, long: next, proini 
nent next, and all conspicuous. The best form for contractors, build- 
4 



60 ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 

THE MENTAL-MOTIVE TEMPERAMX3& 




No. 136.— William Cullen Bryant. 

ers, managers of men and large mechanical operations, is the broad 
and prominent combined. (Cut 132.) But they should not be slim. 
A farmer may have any form but a spindling one, yet a horticulturist 
or nurseryman may be slim. 

RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN MEN AND ANIMALS. 

That certain men " look like " one or another species of animals is 
an ancient observation. And when in looks, also in character. That 
is, some have both the lion, or bull-dog, or eagle, or squirrel expres- 
sion of face, and likewise traits of character. Thus, Daniel Webster 
was called the " Lion of the North," from his general resemblance in 
form, heavy shoulders, hair, and general expression to that king of 
beasts ; and a lion he indeed was, in his sluggishness when at his 
ease, but power when roused ; in his magnanimity to opponents, and 
the power of his passions. 

He had a distinguished contemporary, whose color, expression of 
-ountenance, manners, everything, resembled those of the fox, and 
was he not foxy in character as well as looks ? And did he not 
introduce into the political machinery of our country that wire-work- 



THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 51 

ing, double-game policy and chicanery, which has done more to cor- 
rupt our ever-glorious institutions than everything else combined, 
even endangering their very existence? Freemen, vote only for 
open-handed, honest men ; never for tricksters. 




No. 137. — Daniel Webster. — The Lion Face. 

Those who resemble the bull-dog are broad-built, round favored 
square-faced, round-headed, having a forehead square, and perhapt 
pjominent, but low ; mouth rendered square by the projection of the 
eye or canine teeth, and smallness of those in front ; corners of the 
mouth drawn down ; and voice deep, guttural, growling, and snarl- 
ing. Such, if fed, will bark and bite for you, but, if provoked, 
will lay right hold of you, and hold on till you or they perish in the 
desperate struggle. And when this form is found on female shoulders, 
u the Lord deliver you." 

Tristam Burges, called in Congress the " Bald Eagle," from 
bis having the aquiline or eagle-bill nose, a projection in the upper 



52 



ORGANIC CONDITIONS. 




lip, falling into an indentation in the lower, his eagle-shaped eyea 

and eye-brows, as seen 
in the accompanying 
engraving, was eagle- 
like in character, and 
the most sarcastic, 
tearing, and soaring 
man of his day, John 
Randolph excepted. 
And whoever has a 
long, hooked, hawk- 
bill, or Roman nose, 
wide mouth, spare 
form, prominence at 
the lower and middle 
part of the forehead, 
is very fierce when as- 
sailed, high-tempered, 
vindictive, efficient, 
No. 138. — Tristam Burges. — The Eagle. and aspiring, and will 
fly higher and farther than others. 

Tigers are always spare, muscular, long, full over the eyes, large- 
mouthed, and have eyes slanting downward from their outer to inner 
angles ; and human beings thus physiognomically characterized, are 
fierce, domineering, revengeful, most enterprising, not over humane, 
a terror to enemies, and conspicuous somewhere. 

Swine — fat, loggy, lazy, good-dispositioned, flat and hollow-nosed 
— have their cousins in large-abdomened, pug-nosed, double-chinned, 
talkative, story-enjoying, beer-loving, good-feeling and feeding, yes- 
yes humans, who love some easy business, but hate hard work. 

Horses, oxen, sheep, owls, doves, snakes, and even frogs, etc., also 
have their men and women cousins, with their accompanying char- 
acters. 

These resemblances are more easily seen than described ; but the 
voice, forms of mouth, nose, and chin are the best bases for obser- 
vation. 

BEAUTIFUL, HOMELY, AND OTHER FORMS. 

In accordance with this general law, that shape is as character, 
trell-proportioned persons have harmony of features and well-bal- 



THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 53 

anced minds ; whereas those, some of whose features stand right out, 
and others fall far in, have uneven, ill-balanced characters, so that 
homely, disjointed exteriors indicate corresponding interiors, while 
evenly-balanced and exquisitely formed men and women have well- 
balanced and susceptible mentalities. Hence, woman, more beautiful 
than man, has finer feelings and greater perfection of character, yet 
is less powerful — and the more beautifully formed the more exquis- 
ite and perfect the mentality. Nature never deceives — never clothes 
that in a beautiful, attractive exterior which is intrinsically bad or re- 
pellant. True, the handsomest women sometimes make the greatest 
scolds, just as the sweetest things when soured become correspond- 
ingly sour. The finest things, when perverted, become the worst. 
Those naturally beautiful and exquisitely organized, when perverted 
become proportionally bad, and those naturally ugly-formed are nat- 
urally bad-dispositioned. 

Yet homely persons are often excellent tempered, benevolent, tal- 
ented, etc., because they have a few powerful traits, and also fea- 
tures — the very thing we are describing — that is, they have ex- 
tremes alike of face and character. Thus it is that every diversity 
of character has its correspondence in both the physiognomical form 
and organic texture. 

IXTOXATIOXS AS EXPRESSING CHARACTER. 

Whatever makes a noise, from the deafening roar of sea, cataract, 
and whirlwind's mighty crash, through all forms of animal life, to the 
sweet and gentle voice of woman, makes a sound which agrees per- 
fectly with the maker's character. Thus the terrific roar of the lion, 
and the soft cooing of the dove, correspond exactly with their re- 
spective dispositions ; while the rough and powerful bellow of the 
bull, the fierce yell of the tiger, the coarse, guttural moan of the 
hyena, the swinish grunt, the sweet warblings of birds, in contrast 
with the raven's croak: and owl's hoot, all correspond perfectly with 
their respective characteristics. And this law holds equally true of 
man. Hence human intonations are as superior to brute as human 
character exceeds animal. Accordingly, the peculiarities of all liu- 
nan beings are expressed in their voices and mode of speaking. 
Coarse-grained and powerful animal organizations have a coarse, 
jiarsh, and grating voice, while in exact proportion as persons become 
refined and elevated mentally, will their tones of voice become cor« 
►esptmdingly refined and perfected. We little realize how much 



54 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

character we infer from this source. Thus, some female friends are 
visiting me transiently. A male friend, staying with me, enters the 
room, is seen by my female company, and his walk, dress, manners, 
etc., closely scrutinized, yet he says nothing, and retires, leaving a 
comparatively indistinct impression as to his character upon my 
female visitors, whereas, if he simply said yes or no, the mere sound 
of his voice communicates to their minds much of his character, and 
serves to fix distinctly upon their minds clear and correct general 
ideas of his mentality. 

The barbarous races use the guttural sounds more than the civilized. 
Thus Indians talk more down the throat than white men, and thus of 
all, whether lower or higher in the human scale. Those whose voices 
are clear and distinct have clear minds, while those who only half 
form their words, or are heard indistinctly, say by deaf persons, are 
mentally obtuse. Those who have sharp, shrill intonations have cor- 
respondingly intense feelings and equal sharpness both of anger and 
kindness, as is exemplified by every scold in the world; whereas 
those with smooth or sweet voices have corresponding evenness and 
goodness of character. Yet, contradictory as it may seem, these 
same persons not unfrequently combine both sharpness and softness 
of voice, and such always combine them in character. There are 
also the intellectual, the moral, the animal, the selfish, the benignant, 
the mirthful, the devout, the loving, and many other intonations, each 
accompanying corresponding peculiarities of characters. In short, 
every individual is compelled, by every word uttered, to manifest 
something of the true character — a sign of character as diversified 
as correct. 

COLOR AND TEXTURE OF HAIR, SKIN, BEARD, ETC. 

Everything in nature is colored, inside and out ; and the color 
always corresponds with the character. Nature paints her coarse 
productions in coarse drab, but adorns all her finer, more exquisite 
productions with her most beautiful colors. Thus, highly-colored 
fruits are always highly-flavored, and birds of the highest quality are 
arrayed in the most gorgeous tints and hues. 

So, also, particular colors signify particular qualities. Thus, 
throughout all nature black signifies power, or a great amount of its 
characteristics ; red, the ardent, loving, intense, concentrated, posi- 
tive ; green, immaturity ; yellow, ripeness, richness, etc. Hence all 
black animals are powerful, of which the bear, Morgar Aorse, black 



AS INDICATING MENTALITY. 56 

cnakc, etc., furnish examples. So black fruits, as blackberry, black 
raspberry, whortleberry, black tartarian cherry, etc., are highly 
flavored and full of rich juices. So, also, the dark races, as Indian 
and African, are strong, muscular, and very tough. All red fruits are 
acid, as the strawberry ; but the darker they are the sweeter, as the 
bald win, gillifleur, etc. ; while striped apples blend the sweet with the 
sour. Whatever is growing, or still immature, is green ; but all 
grasses, grains, fruits, etc., pass, while ripening, from the green to the 
yellow, and sometimes through the red. Fruits red and yellow are 
always delicious. Other primary colors signify other characteristics. 
Now, since coarseness and fineness of texture indicate coarse and 
fine-grained feelings and characters, and since black signifies 
power, and red ardor, therefore coarse black hair and skin signify 
great power of character of some kind, along with considerable ten- 
dency to the sensual ; yet fine black hair and skin indicate strength 
of character, along with purity and goodness. Dark-skinned nations 
are always behind the light-skinned in all the improvements of the 
age, as well as in the higher and finer manifestations of humanity. 
So, too, dark-haired persons, like Webster, sometimes called " Black 
Dan," possess great power of intellect and propensity, yet lack the 
finer and more delicate shadings of sensibility and purity. Coarse 
black hair and skin, and coarse red hair and whiskers, indicate pow- 
erful animal passions, together with corresponding strength of char- 
acter ; while fine, light, and auburn hair indicate quick susceptibilities 
together with refinement and good taste. Fine dark or brown hair 
indicates the combination of exquisite susceptibilities with great 
strength of character, while auburn hair and a florid countenance, 
indicate the highest order of sentiment and intensity of feeling, along 
with corresponding purity of character, combined with the high- 
est capacities for enjoyment and suffering. And the intermedi- 
ate colors and textures indicate intermediate mentalities. Curly 
hair and beard indicate a crisp, excitable, and variable dis- 
position, with much diversity of character — now blowing hot^ now 
cold — along with intense love and hate, gushing, glowing emo- 
tions, brilliancy, and variety of talent. So look out for ringlets; 
they betoken April weather. Treat them gently, lovingly, and you 
will have the brightest, clearest sunshine, and the sweetest, balmiest 
reezes ; but ruffle them, and you raise a storm, a very hurricane, 
changeable, now so very hot, now so cold. Better not ruffle them. 
And this is doubly true of auburn curls ; though auburn ringleti 



56 ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

need hut a little right, kind, fond treatment to render them all as fail 
and delightful as the brightest spring morning. 

Straight, even, smooth, and glossy hair indicates strength, harmony, 
and evenness of character, and hearty, whole-souled affections, as 
well as a clear head and superior talents ; while stiff, straight, black 
hair and beard indicate a coarse, strong, rigid, straightforward char- 
acter. Abundance of hair and beard signifies virility and a great 
amount of character. 

Coarse-haired persons should never turn dentists or clerks, but 
seek some out-door employment , and would be better contented with 
rough, hard work than a light or sedentary occupation, although 
mental and sprightly occupations would serve to refine and improve 
them ; while dark and fine-haired persons may choose purely intel- 
lectual occupations, and become lecturers or writers with fair prospects 
of success. Red-haired persons should seek out-door employment, 
for they require a great amount of air and exercise ; while those who 
have light, fine hair should choose occupations involving taste and 
mental acumen, yet take bodily exercise enough to tone up and invig- 
orate their system. 

Generally, when either skin, hair, or features are fine or coarse, the 
others are equally so. Yet some inherit fineness from one parent, 
and coarseness from the other, while the color of the eye generally 
corresponds with that of the skin, and expresses character. Ligh 
eyes indicate warmth of feeling, and dark eyes power. 

The mere expression of the eye conveys precise ideas of the exist- 
ing and predominant states of the mentality and physiology. As 
long as the constitution remains unimpaired, the eye is clear and 
bright, but becomes languid and soulless in proportion as the brain 
has been enfeebled. Wild, erratic persons have a half crazed expres- 
sion of eye, while calmness, benignancy, intelligence, purity, sweet- 
ness, love, sensuality, anger, and all the other mental affections, 
express themselves quite as distinctly by the eye as voice, or any 
other mode. 

REDNESS AND PALENESS OF FACE. 

Thus far our remarks have appertained to the constant colors of 
the face, yet those colors are often diversified or changed for the 
time being. 

Thus, at one time the whole countenance will be pale, at another 
rcry red ; each of which indicates the existing states of body and 



AS INDICATING MENTALITY. 51 

mind. Or thus : when the system is in a perfectly healthy state, the 
whole face will be suffused with the glow of health and beauty, and 
have a red, but never an inflamed aspect ; but any permanent injury 
of health, which prostrates the bodily energies, will change this florid 
complexion into dullness of countenance, indicating that but little 
blood comes to the surface or flows to the head, and a corresponding 
stagnation of the physical and mental powers. Yet, after a time, this 
dullness frequently gives way to a fiery redness ; not the floridness oi 
health, but the redness- of inflammation or false excitement, which 
indicates a corresponding depreciation of the mental faculties. Dark 
or livid red faces, so far from signifying the most health, frequently 
betoken the most disease, and correspondingly more animal and 
sensual characters ; because physiological inflammation irritates the 
propensities more, relatively, than the moral and intellectual faculties, 
though it increases the latter also. When the moral and intellectual 
faculties greatly predominate over the animal, redness may not cause 
coarse animality, because, while it heightens the animal nature, it 
also increases the intellectual and moral, which, being the larger, 
hold them in check ; but when the animal about equals or exceeds 
the moral and intellectual, this inflammation evinces a greater increase 
of animality than intellectuality and morality. Gross sensualists and 
depraved sinners generally have a fiery red countenance. Stand 
aloof from them, for their passions are all on fire, ready to ignite and 
explode on provocations so slight that a healthy physiology would 
scarcely notice them. This point can hardly be made fully intelligi- 
ble ; but let readers note the difference between a healthy floridness 
of face and the fiery redness* of drunkards, debauchees, etc. Xor 
does an inflamed physiology increase the animal nature, merely ; it 
also gives it a far more depraved and sensual cast, thereby doubly 
increasing the depraved tendencies. 

PHRENOLOGICAL SIGXS OF CHARACTER AND TALEXTS. 

All truth bears upon its front unmistakable evidence of its divine 
origin, in its philosophical beauty, fitness, and consistency; whereas, 
all untruth is grossly and palpably deformed. Any truth, also, har- 
monizes with all other truth, and conflicts with all error, so that, to 
ascertain what is true, and detect what is false, is perfectly easy. 
Apply this test, intellectual reader, to one after another of the doc- 
trines taught by Phrenology. 

The brain is both the organ of the mind, the dome of thought, the 



58 THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS 

palace of the soul, and equally the organ of the body, over which it ex- 
erts an all-potent influence for good or ill, to weaken or stimulate, to 
kill or make alive. In short, the brain is the organ of the body in 
general, and of each of its organs in particular. As the stomach has 
its cerebral organ in Alimentiveness, and the muscular system its in 
[Muscularity, so undoubtedly the lungs, liver, pancreas, bowels, etc., 
have each its yet undiscovered cerebral organ located in the under 
side of the brain. It sends forth those nervous energies which keep 
muscles, liver, bowels, and all the other bodily organs in a high 01 
low state of action ; and, more than all other causes, invites or repels 
disease, prolongs or shortens life, and treats the body as its galley- 
slave. Hence, healthy cerebral action is indispensable to bodily 
health, while a longing, pining, dissatisfied, fretful, or troubled state 
of mind is most destructive of health, and productive of disease. 
So is violence in any and all the passions. Indeed, the state of the 
mind is mainly controlled by that of the health. Even dyspepsia is 
more a mental than physical condition, and to be cured first and 
mainly by banishing that agitated, flashy, eager, craving state of mind, 
and securing instead a calm, quiet, let-the-wor Id-slide state ; nor will 
any physical appliances avail much without this mental restorative. 
Hence, too, we walk or work so much more easily and efficiently when 
we take an interest in what we do. Therefore, those who would be 
happy or talented must first and mainly keep their brain vigorous 
and healthy. 

The brain is subdivided into two hemispheres, the right and left, 
by the falciform process of the dura mater — a membrane which dips 
down one to two inches into the brain, and runs from the root of the 
nose over to the nape of the neck. This arrangement renders all the 
phrenological organs double. Thus, as there are two eyes, ears, 
etc., in order that when one is diseased, the other can carry forward 
the function, so there are two lobes to each phrenological organ, one 
on each side. 

The brain is divided thus. The feelings occupy that portion com* 
K only covered by hair, while the forehead is occupied by the intel- 
lectual organs. These greater divisions are subdivided into the ani- 
mal brain, located between and around the ears ; the aspiring facul- 
ties, which occupy the crown of the head ; the moral and religioud 
sentiments, which occupy its top ; the physico-perceptives, located 
over the eyes ; and the reflectives, in the upper portion of the fore 
head. The predominance of each of these respective groups produces 



AS INDICATING MENTALITY. 59 

Doth particular shapes of head, and corresponding traits of character. 
Thus, a head projecting far back behind the ears, and hanging over 
and downward in the occipital region, indicates very strong domestie 
ties and social affections, a love of home, its relations and endear- 
rnei ts, and a corresponding capacity of being happy in the family, 
and miking family happy. The social affections are located in the * 
bark part of the head ; and, accordingly, woman being more loving 
than man, when not under the influence of the other faculties, usually 
inclines her head backward ; and when she kisses children, and those 
she loves, always turns the head directly backward, and rolls it from 
side to side, on the back of the neck. Wide and round heads, on the 
contrary, indicate strong animal and selfish propensities, while thin, 
narrow heads indicate a corresponding want of selfishness and ani- 
mal ity. A head projecting far up at the crown indicates an aspiring, 
self- elevating disposition, pride of character, and a desire to be and to 
do something great ; while a flattened crown indicates a want of am- 
bition, energy, and aspiration. A head high, long, and wide upon the 
top, but narrow between the ears, indicates Causality, moral virtue, 
much practical goodness, and a corresponding elevation of character ; 
while a low and narrow top-head indicates a corresponding deficiency 
of these humane and religious susceptibilities. A head wide at the 
upper part of the temples indicates a corresponding desire for per- 
sonal perfection, together with a love of the beautiful and refined, 
while narrowness in this region evinces a want of taste, with much 
coarseness of feeling. Fullness over the eyes indicates excellent prac- 
tical judgment of matters and things appertaining to property, science, 
and nature in general ; while narrow, straight eyebrows indicate poor 
practical judgment of matter, things, their qualities, relations, and 
uses. Fullness from the root of the nose upward indicates great prac- 
tical talent, love of knowledge, desire to see, and ability to say and 
do the right thing at the right time, and in the best way, together 
with sprightliness of mind ; while a hollow in the middle of the fore- 
head indicates want of memory, and inability to show off to advan- 
tage. A bold, high forehead indicates strong reasoning capabilities, 
while a retiring forehead indicates less soundness, but more availa- 
bility of talent. And thus of other cerebral developments. 

Phrenology teaches that every faculty, when active, moves head and 
body in the direction of the acting organ. Thus, intellect, in the fore 
part of the head, moves it directly forward, and produces a forward 
-langing motion of the head. Hence, intellectual men never carry 



GO 



THE ORGANIC CONDITJONS 



their heads backward and upward, but always forward ; and logical 
speakers move their heads in a straight line, usually forward, toward 
their audience ; while vain speakers hold their heads backward. 
Hence it is a poor sign to stand so straight as to lean backward, for it 
shows that the brain is in the wrong place — more in the animal than 
intellectual region. Perceptive intellect, when active, throws out the 
chin and lower portions of the face ; while reflective intellect causes 




No. 139. — Washington Irving. 



the upper portion of the forehead to hang forward, and draws in the 
chin, as in Franklin, Webster, and other great thinkers. A coxcomb 
once asking a philosopher, " What makes you hang your head down 
so ? why don't you hold it up as I do ? " was answered : " Look at 
that field of wheat ! The heads that are well filled bend downward, 
bu* those that stand up straight are empty." Benevolence throws the 
bead and body slightly forward, leaning toward the object which ex- 
cites its sympathy ; while Veneration causes a low bow, which, the 
world over, is a token of respect ; yet, when Veneration is exercised 



AS INDICATING MENTALITY. 



61 



toward the Deity, as in devout prayer, it throws the head upward; 
and, as we use intellect at the saine time, the head is generally di- 
rected forward. 

He who meets you with a long, low bow thinks more of you than of 
himself; but he who greets you with a short, quick bow — who makes 
half a bow forward, but a bow and a half backward — thinks one of 
you, and one and a half of himself. Ideality throws the head slightly 
forward and to one side, as in Irving, a man as gifted in taste and im- 
agination as any other writer ; and, in his portraits, his finger rests 
upon this faculty, while Sterne's finger rests upon Mirthfulnesg. 
Very firm men stand straight up and down, inclining not a hair'a 
breadth forward or backward, or to the right or left ; hence the ex- 
pression, " He is an up-and-down man." And this organ is located 
exactly on a line with the body. Self-esteem, located in the back 
and upper portion of the head, throws the head and body upward and 
backward. Large feeling, pompous persons walk in a very dignified, 
majestic manner, throwing their heads in the direction of Self-esteem ; 
while approbative persons throw their heads backward, but to one 
side. The difference be- 
tween the natural lan- 
guage of these two or- 
gans is so slight that on- 
ly the practical phrenolo- 
gist can perfectly distin- 
guish them. 

The natural language of 
Money-loving, carries the 
head forward and to one 
side, as if in ardent pur- 
suit of something, and 
ready to grasp it with 
outstretched arms ; while 
Alimentiveness, situated 
lower, hugs itself down 
to the dainty dish with 
the greediness of an epicure, better seen than described. The shake 
of the head is the natural language of Combativeness, and means 
'No, I resist you." Those who are combating earnestly shake the 
head more or less violently, according to the power of the com- 
uative feeling, but always shake it slightly inclining backward ; while 




No. 140. — A Conceited Simpleton. 



62 THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Destructiveness, inclining forward, causes a shaking of the hea6 
slightly forward, and turning to one side. When a person who 
threatens you shakes his head violently, and holds it partially back- 
ward, and to one side, never fear — he is only barking; but who- 
ever inclines his head to one side, and shakes it violently, will bite, 
whether possessed of two legs or four. Thus it is that each of the 
various postures assumed by individuals express the relative activity, 
present or permanent, of their respective faculties. 



THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES, THEIR ANALYSIS AND CLASSL 

FICATION. 

But the highest, most conclusive evidence that Phrenology is true, 
is : Whatever is true bears indisputable evidence of its divine origin 
in its infinite perfection ; while whatever is human is imperfect. If, 
therefore, Phrenology is true, every part and parcel of it will be per- 
fection itself — in its facts, its philosophies, its teachings. And that 
proposed analysis of the phrenological faculties to which we now pro- 
ceed will so expound its internal workings as to show whether it is 
or is not thus perfect or imperfect — true or false. 

Its perfection is seen especially in these three aspects : — 

First. In its grouping and location of its organs. Throughout all 
nature, the location of every organ serves to facilitate its function. 
Thus, foot, eye, heart, each bone and organ, can fulfill its office bet- 
ter placed where it is, than if placed anywhere else. Then if Phre- 
nology is true, each of the phrenological organs will be so located, 
both absolutely and as regards the others, that their positions shall 
aid the ends they subserve. And their being thus placed furnishes 
additional proof that Phrenology is divine. 

Though the phrenological organs were discovered, some in one cen- 
tury and continent, and others in another, yet on casting the analyti- 
cal eye over them all, we find them seZ/^classified by their topograph- 
ical position in the head. Beginning at the lowest posterior organs 
they are numbered in accordance with their topographical position 
upward and forward. 

And what is more, all those organs are in groups whose faculties 
oerform analogous functions. Thus, all the social affections are 
grouped in one portion of the head — the back and lower ; and their 
position is beneath and below all, just as their function is basilar, yet 
comparatively unseen. Neither do these organs obtrude themselves 



THEIR ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION. 6S 

on our vision ; nor do we stand on the corners of the streets to pro- 
claim how much we love husband, wife, children, or friends. So the 
animal organs are placed at the top of the spinal column and base of 
the brain, or just where the nerves from the various portions of the 
body ramify on the brain. Now the office of these organs is to carry 
forward the various bodily wants. This nature fulfills, by placing 
them right at the head of those nerves which enable them to commu- 
nicate with the body in the most perfect manner possible. 

So the organs in the top of the head, being highest of all, fulfill the 
most exalted functions of all. By a law of structure, as we rise from 
the sole of the foot to the crown of the head, at every inch of our as- 
cending progress we meet with functions more and still more impor- 
tant as their organs are located higher up. Feet, located lowest of 
all, perform the menial services of all ; while the organs in the lower 
part of the body proper, higher in position, are also higher in func- 
tion ; for whereas we can live without feet, convenient though they 
be, yet we cannot live long without the visceral organs. Yet longer 
and better without these than without heart or lungs, which, located 
highest of all in the body proper, fulfill its most important functions, 
their suspension causing simultaneous death. But even these per- 
form functions less elevated than the head, which, located highest of 
all, fulfills the crowning function of all — mind ; that for which the 
entire body, as well as universal nature, was created. And we 
might therefore infer that the various parts of this brain would fulfill 
functions more important, according to their position upward from the 
base to the top. And so it is. For while the animal and social or- 
gans are to man what foundations are to houses — absolutely indis- 
pensable — yet that there is a higher quality or grade to man's moral 
faculties than to his animal, to those which ally him to angels and to 
God than to matter, to immortality than mortality, is but the com- 
mon sentiment of mankind. Is not the good man higher in the hu- 
man scale than those who have only powerful animal functions ? Are 
not those great intellectually greater than those great animally ? The 
talented above the rich ? Reason above Acquisitiveness ? Does not 
the philosophy involved in this position of these various organs, both 
absolutely and as regards each other, evince a divine hand in its 
construction ? . 

Secondly. Equally philosophical and perfect is the analysis of the 
phrenological faculties, considered both in reference to man's neces- 
lary life-requisitions, and as regards universal nature. Man having 



16 i THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

a material department to his nature, must needs be linked to matter, 
acd possessed of all its properties. He is so. Then might we not 
expect some department of his nature to inter-relate him to each prop- 
erty of matter ? These phrenological faculties furnish that relation. 
It so is that each phrenological faculty is adapted and adapts man to 
some great element in matter and arrangement in nature, and also to 
some special want or requisition of his being. Thus Appetite relates 
him to his need of food, and to that department of nature which sup- 
plies this food, or to her dietetic productions. Causality adapts him 
to nature's arrangements of cause and effect ; Comparison, to her 
classifi nations ; Form, to her configurations ; Ideality, to the beauti- 
ful ; and in like manner each of the other faculties adapts him to some 
institute of Nature. And to point out this adaptation furnishes the 
finest explanation of the faculties to be found, as well as the strongest 
proof that " the hand that formed them is divine." That is, Parental 
Love is adapted, and adapts man to, the infantile and parental rela- 
tions. Nature must needs provide for the rearing of every individual 
child; and this she effects by creating in all parents — vegetable, 
animal, human — the parental sentiment, or love of their own young, 
particularly as infants, thus specifying just what adult shall care 
for each particular child, and absolutely providing for the rearing of 
all. Hence, whatever involves the relations of parents to their chil- 
dren comes under this faculty ; and its correct analysis unfolds what- 
ever concerns parents and their children. So Constructiveness 
adapts man to his need of clothes, houses, and materials for creature 
comforts, and is adapted to nature's mechanical institutes. And each 
of the other phrenological organs has a like adaptation to some great 
fact or provision in the economy of things. 

And what is more yet, each phrenological faculty is found to run 
throughout all animal, all vegetable life, and to be an inherent prop- 
erty of things — of nature, of matter. Thus, the phrenological fac- 
ulty of Firmness expresses a principle which runs throughout every 
phase of nature, as seen in the stability of all her operations — the 
perpetual return of her seasons, the immutability of her laws, the sta- 
bility of her mountains, the uniformity and reliability or firmness of 
all her operations. Time, too, expresses a natural institute. For it 
not only appertains to man and all his habits — the natural period of 
his life included — but all plants are timed, observe each its own times 
and seasons. Each seed, fruit, animal, everything has its time. Some 
thingr begin and end their lives, as it were, in a day — others a year; 



THEIR ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION. 65 

while the cedars of Lebanon or California live through many cen- 
turies. But even they have their germination, adolescence, maturity, 
decline, death, and decay. Given fruits ripen each at its given season ; 
and even flowers and vegetables, transplanted from a southern to a 
northern latitude, keep up their periodical function in spite of opp<* 
site seasons. Has not every rock, even, its age, that is, a time cle- 
ment ? Periodicity appertains to the earth, and to every one of its 
productions and their functions, as well as to every star — indeed, is a 
universal institute of nature. So is Order. For are not eye, foot, 
heart, spine, always in their respective places ? And so of bark, root, 
limb, fruit, every organ of every animal and vegetable. That is, 
method is quite as much an element of universal nature as of man. 
Color is equally universal. So is Form. And is not Conscientious- 
ness in nature's arrangement that, all her laws obeyed, reward — vio- 
lated, punish ? A tree injured inflicts punishment by withholding its 
fruit. And every wrong done to man, animal, or thing becomes its 
own avenger, while every right embodies its own reward, showing 
that the entity we call Conscientiousness is a universal institute, not 
of man alone, but of every phase of life and function of Nature. And 
so of all the other faculties. 

Thirdly, Phrenology teaches the true philosophy of life. It unfolds 
the original constitution of man. That constitution was created just 
as perfect as its divine Author could render it. And in pointing out 
the original constitution of humanity, Phrenology shows who departs 
therefrom, and wherein. That is, by giving a beau ideal of human 
perfection, it teaches one and all, individuals and communities, 
wherein and how far they conform to, and depart from, this perfect 
human type, and thereby becomes the great reformer. And as far as 
individuals and communities live in accordance with its requisitions, 
they live perfect lives. That is, each of its faculties has a normal 
action which fulfilled is perfection, and also an abnormal, which is 
imperfection. And in teaching us both their normal and abnormal, 
it thereby teaches us just how to live, even in details ; and thereby 
settles all questions in morals, in ethics, in all transactions between 
man and man, in every possible phase and aspect of life, down to its 
minutest details and requisitions, thereby becoming the great law- 
giver cf humanity. 

But to follow out these grand first principles would unduly enlarge 
our volume. Having stated them, the reader, curious to follow them 
up, will find in O. S. Fowler's " Phrenological Journal," and in hia 
5 



06 ANALYSIS OP THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

works on Phrenology, these and kindred ideas amplified. Mean- 
while, to proceed with the phrenological organs, their groups, and in- 
dividual functions. 

The Social Group, or Family Affections. 

These occupy the back and lower portion of the head, causing it 
to project behind the ears, and create most of the family affections 
and virtues. 

7. — Are preeminently attached to family and home, and enjoy 
them more than any of the other pleasures of life ; love companion 
and children with passionate fondness, and will do and sacrifice any- 
thing for them ; and must have a home and home joys, and pine with- 
out them. 

6. — Love family, home, country, and the fireside relations devot- 
edly, and regard family as the centre of most of life's pleasures or 
pains ; are eminently social and companionable, and strive to make 
home pleasant and family happy ; and sacrifice often and much on the 
domestic altar. 

5. — Love and enjoy the domestic relations well, but not as life's 
highest good ; and seek other things and pleasures first, though 
home pleasures much. 

4. — Have fair, average, commonplace family ties, and do much but 
not over much, for companion, children, and friends. 

3. — Are rather indifferent in and to the family, and take a little, 
though no great pleasure in them ; and need to cultivate the domes- 
tic virtues. 

2. — Care little for home, its inmates, or pleasures, and are barren 
of its virtues. 

1. — Have scarcely any social ties, and they weak. 

1. AMATIVENESS. 

The Creator. — Sexuality ; gender ; the love element ; that 
which attracts the opposite sex, and is attracted to it, admires and 
awakens admiration, creates and endows offspring, desires to love, 
be loved, and marry ; the conjugal instinct and talent ; gallantry ; 
mdyism ; masculinity in man, and womanliness in woman ; passion. 
Adapted to Nature's male, female, sexual blending, affiliating, and 
creative ordinances. 



AMATIVENESS. 



67 



Everything in nature is sexed — male or female. And this sexual 
institute embodies those means employed by the Author of all life 
lor its inception — for the perpetuity and multiplication of all forms 
of life. It creates in each sex admiration and love of the other ; 
renders woman winning, persuasive, urbane, affectionate, loving, 
and lovely, and develops all the feminine charms and graces ; makes 
man noble in feeling and bearing ; elevated in aspiration ; gallant, 
tender, and bland in manner ; affectionate toward woman ; highly sus- 
ceptible to female charms ; and clothes him with that dignity, power, 
and persuasiveness which accompanies the masculine. 



VERY LARGE. 





No. 141.— Aaron Burr. 



No. 142.— Infant. 



Perverted, it occasions grossness and vulgarity in expression and 
action ; licentiousness in all its forms ; a feverish state of mind ; de- 
praves all the other propensities ; treats the other sex merely as a 
minister to passion — now caressing, and now abusing ; and renders 
the love-feeling every way gross and animal. 

Very Large. — Are admirably sexed, or well-nigh perfect as a 
male or female ; literally idolize the opposite sex ; love almost to in- 
sanity ; treat them with the utmost consideration ; cherish for them 
the most exalted feelings of regard and esteem, as if they were supe- 
rior beings ; have the instincts and true spirit and tone of the male or 
female in a preeminent degree ; must love and be beloved ; love w?th 
inexpressible tenderness ; are sure to elicit a return of love ; are in- 
tuitively winning, attractive to, and attracted by, the other sex, in 
behavior, in conversation, in all they say and do ; almost worship 
parents, brothers, or sisters, and children of the opposite sex ; with 



68 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

organic quality 6, and the other social organs large, have the conjugal 
intuition in a preeminent degree ; assimilate and conform to those 
loved, and become perfectly united; and with Conjugality large, man- 
ifest the most clinging fondness and utmost devotion, and are made 
or unmade for life by the state of the affections. For other combina- 
tions, see Large. 

Large. — Are well sexed, or very much of a man or woman ; that 
is, have the form, carriage, spirit, manners, and mind of the true male 
or female in a high degree ; are eminently loving and lovely, or full 
of love, and with Conjugality large, of the real conjugal sentiment 
and intuition ; strongly attract, and are strongly attracted by, the op- 
posite sex ; admire and love their beauty and excellences ; easily win 
their affectionate regards, and enkindle their love ; have many warm 
friends and admirers among them ; love young and most intensely, 
and are powerfully influenced by the love element for good or evil, 
according as it is well or ill placed; with Adhesiveness and Conju- 
gality large, will mingle pure friendship with devoted love ; cannot 
flourish alone, but must have a matrimonial mate, with whom to be- 
come perfectly identified, and whom to invest with almost superhu- 
man perfections, by magnifying their charms and overlooking their 
defects ; in the sunshine of whose love to be perfectly happy, but pro- 
portionally miserable without it ; with large Ideality and the mental 
temperament added, will experience a fervor and intensity of love, 
amounting almost to ecstasy or romance ; can marry those only who 
combine refinement of manners with correspondingly strong attach- 
ments ; with Parental Love and Benevolence also large, are eminently 
qualified to enjoy the domestic relations, and be happy in home, as 
well as to render home happy ; with Inhabitiveness also large, will set 
a high value on house and place ; long to return home when absent, 
and consider family and children as the greatest of life's treasures ; 
with large Conscientiousness added, will keep the marriage relations 
inviolate, and regard unfaithfulness as the greatest of sins ; with Com- 
bativeness large, will defend the object of love with great spirit, and 
resent powerfully any indignity offered them ; with Alimentiveness 
large, will enjoy eating with loved one and family dearly ; with Ap» 
probativeness large, cannot endure to be blamed by those beloved ; 
with Cautiousness and Secretiveness large, will express love guard- 
edly, and much less than is experienced ; but with Secretiveness small, 
will show in every look and action the full, unveiled feelings of the 
soul; with Firmness, Self-esteem, and Conjugality large, will sustain 



AMATIVENESS. 69 

interrupted love with fortitude, yet suffer much damage of mind and 
health therefrom ; but with Self-esteem moderate, will feel crushed 
and broken down by disappointment ; with the moral faculties pre- 
dominant, can love those only whose moral tone is pure and elevated; 
with predominant Ideality, and only average intellectual faculties, 
will prefer those who are showy and gay to those who are sensible, 
yet less beautiful ; but with Ideality less than the intellectual and 
moral organs, will prefer those who are substantial and valuable 
ralber than showy; with Mirthfulness, Time, and Tune, will love 
dancing, lively company, etc. : p. 57. 

Full. — Possess quite strong susceptibilities of love for a congenial 
spirit ; are capable of much purity, intensity, and cordiality of love, 
if its object is about right ; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, 
will be kind and affectionate in the family ; with Secretiveness large, 
will manifest less love than is felt, and show little in promiscuous 
society ; with a highly susceptible temperament, will experience great 
intensity of love, and evince a good degree of masculine or feminine 
excellence, etc. : p. 59. 

Average. — Are capable of fair conjugal attachments, and calcu- 
lated to feel and exhibit a good degree of love, provided it is properly 
placed and fully called out, but not otherwise ; experience a greater 
or less degree of love in proportion to its activity ; as a man, are quite 
attached to mother, daughters, and sisters, and fond of female society, 
and endowed with a fair share of the masculine element, yet not re- 
markable for its perfection ; as a woman, quite winning and attract- 
ive, yet not particularly susceptible to love ; as a daughter, fond of 
father and brothers, and desirous of the society of men, yet not es- 
pecially so ; and capable of a fair share of conjugal devotedness under 
favorable circumstances ; combined with an ardent temperament, and 
large Adhesiveness and Ideality, have a pure and platonic cast of 
love, yet cannot assimilate with a coarse temperament, or a dissimilar 
phrenology ; are refined and faithful, yet have more friendship than 
passion ; can love those only who are just to the liking ; with Cau* 
tiousnBss and Secretiveness large, will express less love than is felt, 
and that equivocally, and by piecemeal, nor then till the loved one 
is fully comaiitted ; with Cautiousness, Approbativeness, and Venera- 
tion large, and Self-esteem small, are diffident in promiscuous soci- 
ety, yet enjoy the company of a select few of the opposite sex; with 
Adhesiveness, Benevolence, and Conscientiousness large, and Self- 
esteem small, are kind and affectionate in the family, yet not particu- 



70 ANALYSIS OF TFIE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

larly fond of caressing or being caressed ; and do much to make 
family happy, yet will manifest no great fondness and tenderness ; 
with Order, Approbativeness, and Ideality large, seek in a companion 
personal neatness and polish of manners ; with full intellectual and 
moral faculties, base their conjugal attachments in the higher quali- 
ties of the affections, rather than their personal attractiveness or 
strength of passion m K but with a commonplace temperament, and not 
so full moral and intellectual faculties, are indifferent toward the op- 
posite sex, and rather cool toward them in manners and conversation ; 
neither attract nor are attracted much, are rather tame in love and 
marriage, and can live tolerably comfortable without loving or being 
beloved, etc. : p. 56. 

Moderate. — Are rather deficient, though not palpably so, in the 
love element, and averse to the other sex ; and love their mental ex- 
cellences more than personal charms ; show little desire to caress or 
be caressed ; and find it difficult to sympathize with a conjugal part- 
ner, unless the natural harmony between both is well-nigh perfect; 
care l«ss for marriage, and can live unmarried without inconvenience ; 
with Conjugality large, can love but once, and should marry the first 
love, because the love-principle will not be sufficiently strong to over- 
come the difficulties incident to its transfer, or the want of congen- 
iality, and find more pleasure in other things than in the matrimonial 
relations ; with an excitable temperament, will experience greater 
warmth and ardor than depth and uniformity of love ; with Ideality 
arge and organic quality 6, are fastidious and over-modest, and terri- 
bly shocked by allusions to love ; pronounce love a silly farce, only 
fit for crack-brained poets ; with Approbativeness large, will soon be- 
come alienated by rebukes and fault-finding ; with Adhesiveness and 
the moral and intellectual faculties large, can become strongly at- 
tached to those who are highly moral and intellectual, yet experience 
no affinity for any other, and to be happy in marriage, must base it in 
the higher faculties : p. 59. 

Small. — Dislike the opposite sex, and distrust and refuse to as- 
similate with them ; feel little sexual love, or desire to marry ; are 
cold, coy, distant, and reserved toward the other sex ; experience but 
little of the beautifying and elevating influence of love, and should not 
marry, because incapable of appreciating its. relations, and making a 
companion happy : p. 59. 

Very Small. — Are passively continent, and almost destitute of 
*>ve : p. 60. 



AMATIVENESS. 71 

To Cultivate. — Mingle much in the society of the other sex ; 
observe and appreciate their excellences, and overlook their faults ; 
be as gallant, as gentlemanly or lady-like, as inviting, as prepossess- 
ing, as lively and entertaining in their society as you know how to 
be, and always on the alert to please them ; say as many compliment- 
ary and pretty, and as few disagreeable things as possible ; that is, try 
to cultivate and play the agreeable ; if not married, contemplate its 
advantages and pleasures, and be preparing to enjoy them ; if mar- 
ried, get up a second and an improved edition of courtship ; reenamor 
both yourself and conjugal partner, by becoming just as courteous, 
loving, and lovely as possible ; luxuriate in the company and conver-* 
sation of those well sexed, and imbibe their inspiriting influence ; be 
less fastidious, and more free and communicative ; establish a warm, 
cordial intimacy and friendship for them, and feast yourself on their 
masculine or feminine excellences ; if not married, marry, and cul- 
tivate the feelings, as well as live the life of a right and a hearty sex- 
uality. 

To Restrain. — Simply direct this love element more to the men- 
tal, and less to the personal qualities of the other sex ; admire and 
love them more for their minds than bodies, more for their moral pu- 
rity and conversational powers than as instruments of passion ; seek 
the society of the virtuous and good, but avoid that of the vulgar ; 
should mingle in their society to derive moral elevation and inspira- 
tion therefrom, and be made better, not to feed the fires of passion ; 
and yield to their moulding influences for good ; should be content to 
commune with their spirits , should sanctify and elevate the cast and 
tone of love, and banish its baser forms ; especially should lead a 
right physiological life — avoid tea and meats, and abstain wholly 
from coffee, tobacco, and all forms and degrees of alcoholic drinks, 
wines and beer included ; exercise much in the open air ; abstain 
wholly from carnal indulgence ; work off your vital force on othei 
functions as a relief of this ; bathe daily ; eat sparingly ; study and 
commune with nature ; cultivate the pure, intellectual, and moral as 
the best means of rising above the passional ; and put yourself on a 
high human plane throughout. Remember these two things — first, 
that you require its purification, elevation, and right direction rather 
than restraint, because it is more perverted than excessive — it can- 
not be too great if rightly exercised — and secondly, that the inflamed 
state of the body irritates and perverts this passion, of which a cool- 
lug regimen is a specific antidote : p. 218. 



72 AN\*,YSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

2. CONJUGALITY. 

Fidelity. — Constancy in lo\e, monogamy; union for life ; 
first love ; the pairing instinct ; attachment to one conjugal 
partner; duality and exclusiveness of love. 

Perverted action — a broken heart ; jealousy ; envy toward 
love rivals. Located between Amativeness and Adhesiveness, 
and adapted to parents living with and educating all their own 
children together in the same family. Some birds, such as 
doves, eagles, geese, robins, etc., pair, and remain true to their 
connubial attachment ; while hens, turkeys, sheep, horses, and 
neat cattle associate promiscuously, which shows this to be a 
faculty distinct from Amativeness and Adhesiveness. 

Very Large. — Will select some one of the opposite sex as the 
sole object of love ; concentrate the whole soul on this single one 
beloved, magnifying excellences and overlooking faults ; long to be 
always with that one ; are exclusive, and require a like exclusive- 
ness ; are true and faithful in wedlock, if married in spirit ; possess 
the element of conjugal union, and flowing together of soul, in the 
highest degree, and with Continuity 6, become broken-hearted when 
disappointed, and comparatively worthless ; seek death rather than 
life ; regard this union as the gem of life, and its loss as worse than 
death ; and should manifest the utmost care to bestow itself only 
where it can be reciprocated for life. 

Large. — Seek one, and but one, sexual mate ; experience keen 
disappointment when love is interrupted ; are restless until the affec- 
tions are anchored ; are perfectly satisfied with the society of that 
one ; and should exert every faculty to win the heart and hand of the 
one beloved ; nor allow anything to alienate the affections. 

Fuel. — Can love cordially, yet are capable of changing the ob- 
ject, especially if Continuity is moderate ; will love for life, provided 
circumstances are favorable, yet will not bear everything from a lover 
or companion, and if one love is interrupted can form another. 

Average. — Are disposed to love but one for life, yet capable of 
changing their object, and, with Secretiveness and Approbativeness 
large, are capable of coquetry, especially if Amativeness is large, and 
Adhesiveness only full. Such should cultivate this faculty, by not 
blowing their other faculties to break their first love. 



PARENTAL LOVE. a 73 

Moderate. -^ Are somewhat disposed to love only one; yet allow 
dther stronger faculties to interrupt that love, and, with Amativeness 
large, can form one attachment after another with comparative ease, 
yet are not true as a lover, nor faithful to the connubial union. 

Small. -^ Have but little conjugal love.,-and seek the promiscuous 
society, and affection of the opposite sex, rather than a single partner 
for life. 

Very Small. — Manifest none of this faculty, and experience 
little. 

To CtJLTivATE. — Never allow new faces to awaken new loves, 
i ut cling to tne first one, and cherish its associations and reminis- 
cences ; do not allow the affectionsto wander, but be much in the com- 
pany of the one already beloved, and both open your heart to love the 
iharnis, and keep up those thousand little attentions calculated to 
•evive "and -perpetuate conjugal love : p. 230. 

To RestrXix. — Seal up and bury the volume of your first affec- 
lion. Another will then take its place ; try to appreciate the excel- 
lences of others than the first love, remembering that " there are as 
-good fish in the sea as ever were caught ; " if a first love.:dies or is 
blighted, by no means allow yourself to. pore over the bereavement, 
but transfer affection just as soon as a suitable object can be found, 
and be industrious in finding one, by making yourself just as accept- 
able and charming as possible. Above all, do not allow a pining, sad 
feeling to crush you, nor allow hatred toward the other sex: p. 230. 

3. PARENTAL LOVE. 

The Nurse. — Attachment to own offspring; love of chil- 
dren, the young, and pets ; playfulness with them. 

Adapted to that infantile condition in which man enters the 
World, and to children's need of parental care and education 
This faculty renders children the richest treasure of their 
parents; casts into the shade all the toil and expense they 
cause; and lacerates them with bitter pangs when death or dis- 
tance tears them asunder. It is much larger in woman than in 
man ; and nature requires mothers to take the principal care of 
/nfants. Perverted, it spoils children by excessive indulgence, 
pampering, and humoring. 



74 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Vkry Large. — Love their own children with the greatest possi- 
ble intensity and pathos; almost idolize their own children, grieve 



VERY LARGE. 



DEFICIENT. 





No. 143. — The Devoted Mother. 



No. 144. — Tr k Unmotherlt . 



immeasurably over their loss, and with large Continuity, refuse to be 
comforted ; with very large Benevolence, and only moderate Destruc- 
tiveness, cannot bear to see them punished, and with only moderate 
Causality, are liable to spoil them by over-indulgence ; with large 
Approbativeness added, indulge parental vanity and conceit ; with 
large Cautiousness and disordered nerves, caution them continually, 
and feel a world of groundless apprehensions about them ; with Ac- 
quisitiveness moderate, make them many presents, and lavish money 
upon them ; but with large Acquisitiveness, lay up fortunes for them . 
with large moral and intellectual organs, are indulgent, yet love them 
too well to spoil them ; and do their utmost to cultivate their higher 
faculties, etc. : p. 63. 

Large. — Love their own children devotedly ; value them above 
all price ; cheerfully endure toil and watching for their sake ; forbear 
with their faults; win their love; delight to play with them, and 
cheerfully sacrifice to promote their interests ; with Continuity large, 
mourn long and incessantly over their loss ; with Combativeness, 
Destructiveness, and Self-esteem large, are kindj yet insist on being 
obeyed ; with Self-esteem and Destructiveness moderate, are familiar 
with, and liable to be ruled by them ; with Firmness only average, 
manage them with an uneven hand ; with Cautiousness large, suffer 
extreme anxiety if they are sick or in danger ; with large moral and 



PARENTAL LOVE. 75 

intellectual organs, and less Combativeness and Destructiveness, gov- 
ern them more by moral suasion than physical force — by reason than 
fear ; are neither too strict nor over-indulgent ; with Approbative- 
ness large, value their moral character as of the utmost importance ; 
with Veneration and Conscientiousness large, are particularly inter- 
ested in their moral improvement ; with large excitability, Combat- 
iveness, and Destructiveness, and only average Firmness, will be, by 
turns, too indulgent, then over-provoked — pet them one minute, but 
punish them the next ; with larger Approbaiiveness and Ideality 
than intellect, educate them more for show than usefulness — more 
fashionably than substantially — and dress them off in the extreme 
of fashion ; with a large and active brain, large moral and intellec- 
tual faculties, and Firmness,, and only full Combativeness, Destruc- 
tiveness, and Self-esteem, are well calculated to teach and manage 
the young. It renders farmers fond of stock, dogs, etc., and women 
of birds, lap-dogs, etc. ; girls of dolls, and boys of being among horses 
and cattle ; and love the young, weak, and petite : p. 62. 

Full. — Love their own children well, yet not passionately — do 
much for them, yet not more than necessary — and with large Com- 
bativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-esteem, are too severe, and 
make too little allowance for their faults \, but with Benevolence, Ad- 
hesiveness, and Conscientiousness large, do and sacrifice much to 
supply their wants and render them happy. Its character, however, 
will be mainly determined by its combinations : p. 63. 

Average. — Love their own children tolerably well, yet care but 
little for those of others ; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, 
like them better as they grow older, yet do and care little for infants ; 
are not duly tender to them, or forbearing toward their faults, and 
should cultivate parental fondness, especially if Combativeness, De- 
structiveness and Self-esteem are large: p. 61. 

Moderate. — Are not fond enough of children ; will not bear 
much from them ; fail to please or take good care of them, particu- 
larly of infants ; cannot endure to hear them cry, or make a noise, or 
disturb things ; and with an excitable temperament, and large Com- 
bativeness, are liable to punish them for trifling offenses, find much 
fault with them, and be sometimes cruel ; yet, with Benevolence and 
Adhesiveness large, do what is necessary for their comfort : p. 64. 

Small. — Care little for their own children, and still less for tliose 
af others; and with Combativeness and Destructiveness large, are 
liable to treat them unkindly and harshly, and are utterly unqualified 
to have charge of them : p. 64. 



76 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Very Small. — Have little or no parental love or regard for chil- 
dren, but conduct toward them as the other faculties dictate : p. 64. 

To Cultivate. — Play with and make much of children ; try to 
appreciate their loveliness and innocence, and be patient, tender, and 
indulgent toward them ; and if destitute of own children, adopt some, 
or provide something to, pet and fondle : 221. 

To Hkstrain. — Should set judgment over against affection; 
rear them intellectually ; feel less anxiety about them, and if a child 
dies, by all means turn from that loss by seeking some powerful di- 
version, and a change of associations, removing clothes and all re- 
membrances, and not talk or think about them 



4. FRIENDSHIP. 

The Confidant. — Sociability; love of society; desire to 
congregate, associate, visit, make and entertain friends, etc. 

When perverted it forms attachments for the unworthy, and 
seeks bad company. It is adapted to man's requisition for con- 
cert of action, copartnership, combination, and community of 
feeling and interest, and is a leading element in his social rela- 
tions. 

Very Large. — Love friends with the utmost tenderness and in- 
tensity, and will sacrifice almost anything for their sake ; with Ama- 
tiveness large, are susceptible of the highest order of conjugal love, 
yet base that love primarily in friendship ; with Combativeness and 
Destructiveness large, defend friends with great spirit, and resent and 
retaliate their injuries ; with Self-esteem moderate, take character 
from associates ; with Acquisitiveness moderate, allow friends free 
use of purse; but with Acquisitiveness large, will do more than 
give ; with Benevolence and Approbativeness moderate, and Acquis- 
itiveness only full, will spend money freely for social gratification ; 
with Self-esteem and Combativeness large, must be first or nothing; 
but with only average Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-es- 
teem, large Approbativeness, Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Ideal- 
ity, and reasoning organs, make many friends, and few enemies; 
are amiable and universally beloved ; with large Eventuality and Lan- 
guage, recount with vivid emotions, by-gone scenes of social cheer 
and friendly converse ; with laroe reasoning organs, give good advice 
to friends, and lay excellent plans for them ; with smaller Secretive* 



FRIENDSHIP. 77 

ness and large moral organs, believe no ill of them, and dread the 
interruption of friendship as the greatest of calamities ; willingly 
make any sacrifice required by friendship, and evince a perpetual flow 
of that commingling of soul, and desire to become one with others, 
which this faculty inspires : p. 65. 

Large. — Are warm, cordial, and ardent in friendship; readily 
form acquaintances, and attract friendly regards in return ■; must have 
society of some kind ; with Benevolence large, are hospitable and de- 
light to entertain friends ; with Alimentiveness large, love the social 
banquet, and set the best before friends ; with Approbativeness large, 
prize their commendation, but are terribly cut by their rebukes ; with 
the moral faculties large, seek the society of the moral and elevated, 
and can enjoy. the friendship of no others ; with the intellectual facul- 
ties large, seek the society of the intelligent ; with Language large, 
and Secretiveness small, talk freely in company ; and with Mirthful- 
ness and Ideality also large, are full of lun, and give a lively, jocose 
turn to conversation, yet are elevated and refined ; with Self-esteem 
large, lead off in company, and give tone and character to others ; 
but with Self-esteem small, receive character from friends, and with 
Imitation large, are liable to copy their faults as well as virtues ; with 
Cautiousness, Secretiveness, and Approbativeness large, are apt to be 
jealous of regards bestowed upon others, and exclusive in the choice 
of friends — having a few select, rather than many commonplace; 
with large Causality and Comparison, love philosophical conversa- 
tion, literary societies, etc., and are every way sociable and compan- 
ionable : p. Go. 

Full. — Make a sociable, companionable, warm-hearted friend, 
sacrifice much on the altar of friendship, yet offer up friendship on 
the altar of the stronger passions ; with large or very large Combat- 
iveness, Destructiveness, Self-esteem, Approbativeness, and Acquis- 
itiveness, serve self first, and friends afterward ; form attachments, 
and break them when they conflict with the stronger faculties ; with 
large Secretiveness and moderate Conscientiousness, are double-faced, 
and profess more friendship than is felt ; with Benevolence large, 
cheerfully aid friends, yet more from sympathy than affection ; have a 
few warm friends, yet only few, but perhaps many speaking acquaint 
ances ; and with the higher faculties generally large, are true, good 
friends, yet by no means enthusiastic. Many of the combinations ug- 
lier Adhesiveness large, apply to it when full, allowance being m.M>H 
for its diminished power : p. 66. 



78 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Average. — Are capable of quite strong friendships, yet theif 
character is determined by the larger faculties ; enjoy present friends, 
yet sustain their absence ; with large Acquisitiveness, place business 
before friends, and sacrifice them whenever they conflict with money 
making ; with Benevolence large, are more kind than affectionate, 
relish friends, yet sacrifice no great for their sake ; with Amativeness 
large, love the person of the other sex more than their minds, and 
experience less conjugal love than animal passion ; with Approba- 
tiveness large, break friendship when ridiculed or rebuked, and with 
Secretiveness large, and Conscientiousness only average, cannot be 
trusted in friendships : p. 64. 

Moderate. — Love society somewhat, and form a few, but only 
few, attachments, and these only partial ; may have many speaking 
acquaintances, but make few intimate friends ; with large Combat- 
iveness and Destructiveness, are easily offended with friends, and sel- 
dom retain them long ; with large Benevolence, bestow services, and 
with moderate Acquisitiveness, money more readily than affection ; 
but with the selfish faculties strong, take care of self first, and make 
friendship subservient to interest: p. 67. 

Small. — Think and care little for friends ; dislike copartnership, 
are cold-hearted, unsocial, and selfish ; take little delight in company ; 
prefer to be alone ; have few friends, and with large selfish faculties, 
many enemies, and manifest too little of this faculty to exert a per- 
ceptible influence upon character : p. 6 7. 

Very Small. — Are perfect strangers to friendship : p. 67. 

To Cultivate. — Go more into society; associate freely with 
those around you ; open your heart; be less exclusive and distant; 
keep your room less, but go more to parties, and strive to be as com- 
panionable and familiar as you well can ; nor refuse to affiliate with 
those not exactly to your liking, but like what you can, and overlook 
faults: 226. 

To Restrain. • — Go abroad less, and be more select in choosing 
friends ; besides guarding yourself against those persuasions and in- 
fluences friends are apt to exercise over you, and trust friends less, an 
well as properly direct friendship by intellect : 227. 



INHABITIVEXESS. 



79 



5. INHABITIVENESS. 




No. 145. — Clay, the Patriot. 



The Patriot. — Love of 
domicil, and country ; of home, 
house, and the place where one 
lives and has lived. 

The home feeling ; love of 
house, the place where one 
was born or has lived, and of 
home associations. Adapted 
to man's need of an abiding 
place, in which to exercise the 
family feelings ; patriotism. 
Perversion — homesickness 
when away from home, and 
needless pining after it 

Very Large. — Are liable to homesickness when away from 
home, especially for the first time, and the more so if Parental Love 
and Adhesiveness are large; will suffer almost any inconvenience, 
and forego bright prospects rather than leave home ; and remain in 
an inferior house or place of business rather than change. For com- 
binations, see Inhabitiveness large : p. 68. 

Large. — Have a strong desire to locate young, and have a home 
or room exclusively ; leave home with great reluctance, and return 
with extreme delight ; soon become attached to house, sleeping-room, 
garden, fields, furniture, etc., and highly prize domestic associations ; 
are not satisfied without a place on which to expend this home in- 
stinct ; with Parental Love, Adhesiveness, Individuality, and Local- 
ity large, will love to travel, yet be too fond of home to stay away 
long at a time ; may be a cosmopolite in early life, and love to see the 
world, but will afterward settle down ; with Approbativeness and 
Combativeness large, will defend national honor, praise own country, 
government, etc., and defend both country and fireside with great 
spirit; with Ideality large, will beautify home ; with Friendship large, 
will delight to see friends at home rather than abroad ; with Alimen- 
tiveness large, will better enjoy food at home than elsewhere, etc. . 
p. 68. 

Full, — Prefer to live in one place, yet willingly change it when 



80" ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

interest or the other faculties require ; and with large Parental Love, 
Adhesiveness, and Amativeness, will think more of family and friends 
than of the domicile : p. 69. 

Average. — Love home tolerably well, yet with no great fervcr, 
and .change the place of abode as the other faculties may dictate; 
fake some, but no great interest in house or place, as such, or pleas- 
ure in their improvement, and are satisfied with ordinary home 
comforts ; with Acquisitiveness large, spend reluctantly for its im- 
provement ; with Constructiveriess moderate, take little pleasure in 
building additions to home ; with Individuality and Locality large, 
love travelling more than staying in one place, and are satisfied with 
inferior home accommodations : p. 63. 

Moderate or Small. — Care little for home ; leave it without 
much regret; contemplate it with little delight; take little pains with 
it ; and with Acquisitiveness large, spend reluctantly for its improve- 
ment : p. 69. 

Very Small. — Feel little, and show less, love of domicile, as such. 

To Cultivate. — Stay more at home, and cherish a love of it and 
its associations and joys, and also love of country : 232. 

To Restrain. — Go from home, and banish that feeling of home- 
sickness experienced away from home, by diversions : 233. 

6. CONTINUITY. 

The Finisher. — Consecutiveness ; connectedness; poring 
over one thing till it is done ; prolixity ; unity. 

Dwelling patiently upon one thing till it is done ; consecu- 
tiveness and connectedness of thought and feeling. Adapted 
to man's need of doing one thing at a time. Perversion — 
prolixity, repetition, and excessive amplification. 

Very Large. — Fix the mind upon objects slowly, yet cannot 
leave them unfinished ; have great application, yet lack intensity or 
point; are tedious, prolix, and thorough in a few things, rather than 
an amateur in many : p. 70. 

Large. — - Give the whole mind to the one thing in hand till it is 
finished ; complete at the time ; keep up one common train of thought, 
or current of feeling, for a long time; are disconcerted if attention 
is directed to a second object, and cannot duly consider either ; with 
Adhesiveness large, pore sadly over the loss of friends for montha 



CONTINUITY. 



81 



CONTINUITY LARGE. 




No. 146. — Rev. Dr. Bush. 



and years ; with the moral facul- 
ties large, are uniform and con- 
sistent in religious exercises and 
character ; with Combativeness 
and Destructiveness large, re- 
tain grudges and dislikes for a 
long time ; with Ideality, Compar- 
ison, and Language large, am- 
plify and sustain figures of speech ; 
with the intellectual faculties 
large, con and pore over one sub- 
ject of thought or study, and im- 
part a unity and completeness to 
intellectual investigations ; be- 
come thorough in whatever is 



commenced, and rather postpone until sure of completing : p. 70. 

Full. — Dwell continuously upon subjects, unless especially 
called to others ; prefer to finish up matters in hand, yet can, though 
with difficulty, give attention to other things ; with the business or- 
gans large, make final settlements ; with the feelings strong, continue 
their action, yet are not monotonous, etc. : p. 71. 

Average. — Can dwell upon one thing, or divert attention to sev- 
eral, as occasion requires ; are not confused by interruption, yet prefer 
one thing at a time; with the intellectual organs large, are not 
smatterers, nor yet profound ; with the mental temperament, are clear 
in style, and consecutive in idea, yet never tedious ; with Compari- 
son large, manufacture expressions and ideas consecutively and con-, 
nectedly, and always to the point, yet never dwell unduly : p. 70. 

Moderate. — Love and indulge variety and change of thought, 
feeling, occupation, etc. ; are not confused by them ; rather lack ap- 
plication ; with a good intellectual lobe and an active temperament, 
learn and do a little about a good many things, rather than much 
about any one thing ; think clearly, and have unity and intensity 
of thought and feeling, yet lack connectedness ; with large Language 
and small Secretiveness, talk easily, but not long at a time upon any 
one thing ; do better on the spur of the moment than by previous 
preparation ; and should cultivate consistency of character and fixed- 
ness of mind, by finishing all begun : p. 71. 

Small. — With Activity great, commence many things, yet finish 



82 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

few ; crave novelty and variety ; thrust many irons in the fire ; lac-* 
application; jump rapidly from premise to conclusion, and fail tc 
connect and carry out ideas ; lack steadiness and consistency of char- 
acter ; may be brilliant, yet cannot be profound ; humming-bird like, 
dy rapidly from thing to thing, but do not stay long ; have many good 
thoughts, yet they are scattered ; and talk on a great variety of sub- 
jects in a short time, but fail sadly in consecutiveness of feeling, 
thought and action. An illustrative anecdote : An old and faithful 
servant to a passionate, petulant master finally told him he could en- 
dure his testiness no longer, and must leave, though with extreme re- 
luctance. " But," replied the master, " you know I am no sooner 
angry than pleased again." " Aye, but," replied the servant, " you 
are no sooner pleased than angry again : " p. 71. 

Very Small. — Are restless, and given to perpetual change ; 
with Activity great, are composed of gusts and counter-gusts of pas- 
sion, and never one thing more than an instant at a time : p. 72. 

To CuLTivate. — Dwell on, and pore over, till you complete the 
thing in hand ; make thorough work ; and never allow your thoughts 
to wander, or attention to be distracted, or indulge diversity or vari- 
ety in anything : p. 284. 

To Restrain. — Engage in what will compel you to attend to a 
great many different things in quick succession, and break up that, 
prolix, long-winded monotony caused by its excess : p. 234. 



Selfish Propensities. 

These provide for man's bodily wants ; create our animal de- 
sires and instincts, and supply those wants which relate more 
especially to his physical necessities. 

Very Large. — Experience great intensity of the animal im- 
pulses ; enjoy personal existence and pleasures with the keenest rel- 
ish ; and with great excitability or a fevered state of body, are strong- 
ly predisposed to sensual gratifications and passional desires ; yet if 
properly directed, and sanctified by the higher faculties, have tremen- 
dous force of character and energy of mind. 

Large. — Have strong animal desires ; and that selfishness which 
takes good care of number one ; are strongly attached to this world 
and its pleasures ; and with activity great, use vigorous exertions to 
accomplish worldly and personal ends ; with the moral organs less 



SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 83 

than the selfish, connected with bodily disease, are liable to their de« 
praved and sensual manifestation ; but with the moral and intellec- 
tual large, and a healthy organization, have great force, energy, de- 
termination, and that efficiency which accomplishes wonders. 

Full. — Have a good share of energy and physical force, yet no 
more than is necessary to cope with surrounding difficulties ; and 
with large moral and intellectual faculties, manifest more mental than 
physical power. 

Average. — Have a fair share of animal force, yet hardly enough 
to grapple with life's troubles and wrongs ; with large moral and in- 
tellectual faculties, have more goodness than efficiency, and enjoy 
quiet more than conflict with men ; and fail to manifest what good- 
ness and talent are possessed. 

Moderate. — Rather lack efficiency; yield to difficulties; nee^ 
more fortitude and determination ; fail to assert and maintain rights • 
and with large moral organs, are good-hearted, moral, etc., yet border 
on tameness. 

Small. — Accomplish little ; lack courage and force, and with 
large intellectual organs, are talented, yet utterly fail to manifest that 
talent; and with large moral organs, are so good as to be good for 
nothing. 

To Cultivate. — Keep a sharp eye on your own interests ; look 
out well for number one ; fend off* imposition ; harden up ; don't be 
so good ; and in general cultivate a burly, driving, self-caring, phys- 
ical, worldly spirit ; especially increase the physical energies by ob- 
serving the health laws, as this will reincrease these animal desires. 

To Restrain. — First and most, obviate all causes of physical 
inflammation and false excitement ; abstain from spirituous liquors, 
wines, tobacco, mustards, spices, all heavy and rich foods ; eat lightly, 
and of farinaceous rather than of flesh diet, for meat is directly 
calculated to excite the animal passions; avoid temptation and in- 
centives to anger and sensuality ; especially associate only with the 
good, never with those who are vulgar or vicious ; but most of all, 
cultivate the higher, purer moral faculties, and aspire to the high and 
£ood ; also cultivate love of Nature's beauties and works, as the very 
best means of restraining the animal passions. 

7. VITATIVENESS. 

The Doctor. — Love and tenacity of life ; resistance to 



Si ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

disease and death; dread of annihilation ; clinging tenaciously 
to existence, for its own sake ; toughness ; constitution. 

Ve:ry Large. — Shrink from death, and cling to life with desper- 
ation : struggle with the utmost determination against disease and 
death ; never give up to die till the very last, and then only by 
inches ; with Cautiousness very large, and Hope moderate, shudder at 
the very thought of dying, or being dead ; but with Hope large, ex- 
pect to live against hope. The combinations are like those undei 
Large, allowance being, made for the increase of this faculty, p. 

Large. — Struggle resolutely through fits of sickness, and will not 
give up to die till absolutely compelled to do so. With large animal 
organs, cling to life on account of this world's gratifications; with 
large moral organs, to do good — to promote human happiness, etc. ; 
with large social faculties, love life both for its own bake and to bless 
family ; with very large Cautiousness, dread to change the present 
mode of existence, and with large and perverted Veneration and Con- 
scientiousness, and small Hope, have an indescribable dread of enter- 
ing upon an untried future state ; but with Hope large, and a culti^ 
vated intellect, expect to exist hereafter, etc. 

Full. — Love life, and cling tenaciously to it, yet not extrava- 
gantly ; are loth to die, and yield to disease and death, though reluc- 
tantly. 

Aver ag k. — Enjoy life, and cling to it with a fair degree of ear- 
nestness, yet by no means with passionate fondness ; and with a given 
constitution and health, will die easier and sooner than with this 
organ large. 

Moderate or Small. — Like to live, yet care no great about, 
existence for its own sake ; with large animal or domestic organs, 
may wish to live on account of family, or business, or worldly pleas- 
ures, yet care less about it for its own sake, and yield it up with little 
reluctance or dread. 

, Very Small. — Have no desire to live merely for the sake of 
living, but only to gratify other faculties. 

To Cultivate. — Think on the value of life, and plan things to 
be done and pleasure to be enjoyed worthy to live for: 236. 

To Restrain. — Guard against a morbid love of life, and dread of* 
death, but regard death as much as possible as a natural institution, 
*nd this life as the pupilage for a better state of being : 237. 



C0MBAT1VENESS. 



85 



8. COMBATIVENESS 




The Bkfender. — Courage 
persistence ; boldness ; resist- 
ance ; defense ; self-protection ; 
spirit; desire to encounter; 
love of opposition ; defiance ; 
determination ; presence of 
mind ; get-oUt-of-my-way ; let- 
me-and-mine-alone. Adapted 
to man's requisition for over- 
coming obstacles, contending 
for rights, etc. Perversion — 
No. 147. — Yery Large. wrath; contrariety; fault-find- 

ing; contention ; ill-nature ; and fighting. 

Yery Large. — Show always and everywhere the utmost hero- 
ism, boldness, and courage ; can face the cannon's mouth coolly, and 
look death in the face without flinching ; put forth remarkable efforts 
in order to carry measures ; grapple right in with difficulties with a 
real relish, and dash through them as if mere trifles ; love pioneer 
life and adventurous, even hazardous expeditions ; shrink from no 
danger ; are appalled by no hardships ; prefer a rough and daring 
life — one of struggle and hair-breadth escapes — to a quiet, mo- 
notonous business ; are determined never to be conquered, even by 
superior odds, but incline to do battle single-handed against an army ; 
with Cautiousness only full, show more valor than discretion, are 
often fool-hardy, and always in hot water ; with smaller Secretive- 
ness and Approbativeness, are most unamiable, if not hateful ; with 
drinking habits and bad associates, have a most violent, ungoverna- 
ble temper ; are desperate, most bitter, and hateful, and should nevei 
be provoked. For additional combinations see large, allowing fo'i 
difference in size : p. «77. 

Large. — Are bold, resolute, fearless, determined, disposed to 
grapple with and remove obstacles, and drive whatever is under- 
taken; love debate and opposition; are perfectly cool and intrepid ; 
lave great presence of mind in times of danger, and nerve to encoun- 
ter it ; with large Parental Love, take the part of children ; with large 
Inhabitiveness, defend country ; with activity large and vitality nio<l' 



8£ ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

erate, overdo perpetually, and should throw far less vim into efforts 
with a powerful muscular system, put forth all the strength in lifting 
working, and all kinds of manual labor ; with great Vitativeness and 
Destructiveness, defend life with desperation, and strike irresistible 
blows ; with large Acquisitiveness,, maintain pecuniary rights ; and 
drive money-making plans ; with large Approbativeness, resent in- 
sults, and large Adhesiveness added, defend the character of friends ; 
with full or large Self-esteem, defend personal interests, take own 
part with spirit, and repel all aggressions ; with Self-esteem small, 
and Benevolence and Friendship large, defend the interests of friends 
more than of self; with large Conscientiousness, prosecute the right, 
and oppose the wrong most spiritedly ; with large intellectual organs, 
impart vigor, power, and impressiveness to thoughts, expressions, 
etc. ; with disordered nerves, are peevish, fretful, fault-finding, 
irritable, dissatisfied, unreasonable, and fiery in anger, and should 
first restore health, and then restrain this fault-finding disposition, by 
remembering that the cause is internal, instead of what is fretted 
at: p. 75. 

Full. — Evince those feelings described under large, yet in a less 
degree, and as modified more by the larger organs ; thus, with large 
moral and intellectual faculties, show much more moral than physical 
courage ; maintain the right and oppose the wrong ; yet, with Firm- 
ness large, in a decided rather than a combative spirit, etc. ; p. 78, 

Average. — Evince the combative spirit according to circum- 
stances ; when vigorously opposed, or when any of the other faculties 
work in conjunction with Combativeness, show a good degree of the 
opposing, energetic feeling ; but when any of the other faculties, such 
as large Cautiousness or Approbativeness, work against it, are irreso- 
lute, and even cowardly ; with an active temperament, and disordered 
nerves, especially if dyspeptic, have a quick, sharp, fiery temper, yet 
lack power of anger ; will fret and threaten, yet mean and do but little ; 
with a large brain, and large moral and intellectual organs, will put 
forth fair intellectual and moral force when once thoroughly roused, 
which will be but seldom ; with large Approbativeness, and small Ac- 
quisitiveness, will defend character, but not pecuniary rights ; with 
large Cautiousness, may be courageous where danger is far off, yet 
will run rather than fight ; with smaller Cautiousness, will show some 
resentment when imposed upon, but submit rather tamely to injuries ; 
with very large Parental Love, and only average Friendship, will re- 
gent any injuries offered to children with great spirit, yet not those 
dffered to friends, ete. : p. 75. 



COMBATIVENESS. 87 

Moderate. — Rather lack efficiency ; with only fair muscles, aw 
poor workers, and fail to put forth even the little strength possessed ; 
with good moral and intellectual organs, possess talent and moral worth, 
yet are easily overcome by opposition or difficulty ; should seek some 
quiet occupation, where business comes in of itself,, because loth to in- 
trude unbidden upon the attention of others ; are too good to be ener- 
getic ; with weak Acquisitiveness, allow virtual robbery without re- 
sentment ; with large Cautiousness, are tame and pusillanimous ; with 
large Approbativeness, cannot stand rebuke, but wilt under it ; with 
moderate Self-esteem and Hope, are all " 1 can't, it's hard," etc., and 
will do but little in life : p. 78. 

Small. — Are inert and inefficient ; can accomplish little ; nevei 
feel self-reliant or strong ; and with large moral and intellectual or- 
gans, are too gentle and easily satisfied ; with large Cautiousness, run 
to others for protection, and are always complaining of bad treat- 
ment : p. 79. 

Yery Small. — Possess scarcely any energy, and manifest none : 
p. 79. 

To Cultivate. — Encourage a bold, resistant, defiant, self-defend- 
ing spirit ; fend off imposition like a real hero ; rather encourage than 
shrink from encounter ; engage in debate, and the mental conflict of 
ideas and sentiments in politics, in religion, in whatever comes up, 
and take part in public meetings; takes sides in everything; say and 
try to feel, "None shall provoke me with impunity : " 239. 

To Restrain. — Do just the opposite of the preceding advice; 
whenever you find anger rising, turn on your heel ; avoid debate, and 
say mildly and pleasantly whatever you have to say ; bear with impo- 
sition rather than resent it; cultivate a turn-the-other-cheek spirit, 
never swear, or scold, or blow up anybody, and restrain temper and 
wrath in all their manifestations : 240. 



9. DESTRUCTIVENESS. 

The Exterminator. — Executiveness ; severity ; sternness ; 
harshness ; love of tearing down, destroying, causing pain, teas- 
ing etc. ; hardihood ; endurance of pain ; force. 

Adapted to man's need of destroying whatever is prejudicial 
to his happiness ; performing and enduring surgical opera- 
tions ; undergoing pain, etc. Perversion — violence ; revenge 
malice ; disposition to murder, etc. 



88 



ANALYSTS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 



Very Large. — Experience the most powerful indignation* 
amounting, when thoroughly provoked, even to rage and violence ; and 
with large or very large Combativeness, act like a chafed Hon, and 



VERY LARGE 

16 



APPETITE LARGE. 




No. 148. — Black Hawk. 



No. 149. — Root Eating Indian. 



feel like rushing into the midst of perilous dangers ; tear up and de- 
stroy whatever is in the way ; are rough, harsh, and often morose in 
manner, and should cultivate pleasantness ; with large Combative- 
ness, Firmness, Self-esteem, and Approbativeness moderate, are ex- 
ceedingly repulsive, hating and hateful when angry, and much more 
provoked than occasion requires ; with large intellectuals, put forth 
tremendous mental energy ; and should offset this faculty by reason 
and moral feeling, and cultivate blandness instead of wrath : p. 83. 

Large. — Impart that determination, energy, and force which re- 
move or destroy whatever impedes progress ; with Firmness large, 
have that iron will which endures till the very last, in spite of every- 
thing, and will carry points anyhow ; with large Combativeness, im- 
* part a harsh, rough mode to expression and action, and a severity if 
not fierceness to all encounters ; with large Acquisitiveness and Con- 
scientiousness, will have every cent due, though it cost two to get one, 
yet want no more, and retain grudges against those who have injured 
the pocket ; with large Approbativeness and Combativeness, feel de- 
termined hostility toward those who trifle with reputation or impeach 
character ; with large Self-esteem, against those who conflict with its 
interests, or *etract from its merits ; with large Adhesiveness, when 
angry with friends, are angry forever ; with large Benevolence and 
Conscientiousness, employ a harsh mode of showing kindness ; with 
large Comparison and Language, heap very severe and galling epithets 



DESTRUCTIYENESS. 89 % 

ttpon enemies; with large" Ideality, polish and refine expression of 
anger, and put a keen edge upon sarcasms, yet they cut to the very 
bone, etc. Such should avoid and turn from whatever provokes : p 
82. 

Full. — Evince a fair degree of this faculty, yet its tone and direc 
tion depend upon the larger organs ; with large propensities, mani- 
fest much animal force ; with large moral organs, evince moral deter- 
mination and indignation; with large intellectual organs, possess 
intellectual might and energy, and thus of its other combinations ? 
but with smaller Combativeness, are peaceful until thoroughly roi red, 
but then rather harsh and vindictive : if boys, attack only when sure 
of victory, yet are then harsh ; with smaller Self-esteem, exercise this 
faculty more in behalf of others than of self ; with large Cautiousness, 
and moderate Combativeness, keep out of danger, broils, etc., till 
Compelled to engage in them, but then become desperate, etc. : p. 83. 
i Average. — Are like Full, only less so : p. 82. 

Moderate. — « Evince but little harshness or severity, and slirink 
from pain ; with large Benevolence, are unable to witness suffering or 
death, much less to cause them; possess but little force of mind or 
executiveness of character, to drive through obstacles ; with large 
moral organs added, are more beloved than feared, manifest extreme 
sympathy, amounting sometimes even to weakness, and secure ends 
more by mild than severe measures; with moderate Combativeness 
and -Self-esteem, are irresolute, unable to stand ground, or ta> .• care 
of self; fly to others for protection; can do little, and feel like ^/ing 
to do stillless^fail to realize or put forth strength ; and wto !arge 
Cautiousness added, see lions where there are none, and maV> moun- 
tains of mole-hills J; and with small Hope added, are literacy g&xl for 
nothing; but with large Hope and Firmness, and full Sfli-^s'.ejmand 
Combativeness, accomplish considerable, yet in a quie^t *^ay, and by 
perseverance more than force — by siege rather thai? Y/ stern — and 
with large intellectual and moral facilities added, rr*> good, though 
not tame ; exert a good influence, and that always ? .esl'liifal, and are 
mournedrnore when dead than prized while living. TUe combinations 
under this organ large, reversed, apply to it when vrDderate : p. ?-4. 

Small. — "With large moral faculties, possess V/O tender a sor] to 
enjoy our world as it is, or to endure hardships of bad treatment; can 
neither endure nor cause suffering, anger being s * little as to pro- oke 
only ridicule, and need hardness and force : p. &2. 

Very Small. — Experience little, and manifo&t none of thi fac- 
ulty. 



90 



ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES, 



To Cultivate. — Destroy anything and everything in your way. 
Killing weeds, blasting rocks, felling trees, using edge-tools, tearing 
up roots, plowing new ground, cultivating new farms, hunting, exer- 
cising indignation when wronged, and against public wrongs ; espous- 
ing the cause of the oppressed ; fighting public evils, such as intem- 
perance and the like, are all calculated to cultivate and strengthen 
this faculty. Still, care should be taken to exercise it under the con- 
trol of the higher faculties, and then no matter how great that exer- 
cise : 242. 

To Restrain. — Kill nothing; and offset Destructiveness by Be- 
nevolence ; never indulge a rough, harsh spirit, but cultivate instead 
a mild and forgiving temper ; never brood over injuries or indulge re- 
vengeful thoughts or desires, or aggravate yourself by thinking over 
wrongs ; cultivate good manners ; and when occasion requires you to 
reprove, do it in a bland, gentle manner rather than roughly ; never 
tease, even children, or scourge animals, but be kind to both, and 
offset by Benevolence and the higher faculties : 243, 



10. ALIMENTIVENESS. 
No. 150. — Very Large. No. 151. — Small. 





King Louis XIV. A great Banqueter. 



A poor Feeder. 



The Feeder. — Appetite; the feeding instinct; relish for 
food ; hunger. Adapted to man's need of food, and of an 
eating instinct. Perverted, it produces gormandizing and 
gluttony, and causes dyspepsia with all its evils. 



ALIMENTIVENESS. 91 

Very Large. — Often eat more than is requisite ; enjoy food 
exceedingly well ; and hence are liable to clog body and mind by 
overeating ; should restrain appetite ; will feel better by going with- 
out an occasional meal, and are liable to dyspepsia. This faculty is 
liable to take on a diseased action, and crave a much greater amount 
of food than nature requires, and hence is the great cause of dyspep- 
sia. Its diseased action may be known by a craving, hankering, gone 
sensation before eating ; by heart-burn, pain in the stomach, eructa- 
tions, a dull, heavy, or painful sensation in the head, and a desire to 
be always nibbling at something : lives to eat, instead of eating to 
live, and should at once be eradicated by omitting one meal daily, 
and, in its stead, drinking abundantly of cold water. 

Large. — Have a hearty relish for food : set a hi-h value upon 
table enjoyments, and solid, hearty food ; with Acquisitiveness large, 
lay up abundance of too 1 for future use — perhaps keep so much on 
hand that some spoi s ; with Ideality large, must eat from a clean 
plate, and have food nicely cooked; with large Language and intel- 
lect, enjoy table-talk exceedingly, and participate in it : with large 
social faculties, must eat with others; can cook well, if practiced in 
culinary arts; and with larger Approbativeness and Ideality than 
Causality, are apt to be ceremonious and over-polite at table, etc. 
Such should restrain this faculty by eating less, more slowly, and sel- 
dom : p. 86. 

Full. — With a healthy stomach, eat freely what is offered, asking 
no questions ; enjoy it, but not extravagantly ; rarely overeat, except 
when the stomach is disordered, and then experience that hankering 
above described, which a right diet alone can cure. For combina- 
tions, see Large : p. 87. 

Average. — Enjoy food well, and eat with a fair relish ; yet 
rarely overeat, except when rendered craving by dyspeptic com- 
plaints: p. 86. 

Moderate. — Rather lack appetite; eat with little relish, and 
hence require to pamper and cultivate appetite by dainties, and en- 
joying rich flavors ; can relish food only when other circumstances 
are favorable ; feel little hunger, and eat to live, instead of living to 
eat; with Eventuality small, cannot remember from one meal to an- 
other what was eaten at the last : p. 87. 

Small. — Eat " with long teeth," and little relish ; hardly know 
or care what or when they eat ; and should pay more attention ta 
duly feeding the body : p. 88. 

Very Small. — Are almost wholly destitute of appetite. 



92 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

This faculty is more liable to perversion than any other, and excess- 
ive and fast eating occasions more sickness, and depraves the animal 
passions more than all other causes combined. Properly to feed the 
body is of the utmost importance. Whenever this faculty becomes 
diseased, the first object should be to restore its natural function by 
right eating. Medicines rarely do it. 

To Cultivate. — Consider before you provide or order your 
meals what would relish best, and as far as possible provide what 
seems to you will taste good ; pamper appetite ; eat leisurely, and as 
if determined to extract from your food all the rich flavors it may con- 
tain, and in eating be governed more by flavor than quantity ; en- 
deavor to get up an appetite, even when you feel none, by eating 
some dainty, as if to see if it were not good ; do by food and drinks 
as wine connoisseurs do in testing viands : taste things with a view 
of ascertaining their relative flavors ; in short, exercise and indulge 
appetite ; also, do as directed in order to cultivate digestion : 245. 

To Restrain. — Eat but seldom — for by keeping away from table 
this faculty remains comparatively quiet ; and when you eat, eat 
slowly, leisurely, quietly, pleasurably, as if determined to enjoy eat- 
ing, for this satisfies appetite with much less food than to eat vora- 
ciously; mingle pleasant conversation with meals; direct attention 
more to how good your food than how much you eat ; always leave the 
table with a good appetite, and stop the moment you have to resort 
to condiments or desserts to keep up appetite ; eat like the epicure, 
but not like the gourmand — as if you would enjoy a little rather than 
devour so much ; eat sparingly, for the more you eat the more you re- 
inflame the stomach, and thereby reincrease that hankering you need 
to restrain : 246. 



F. BIBATIVENESS OR AQUATIVENESS. 
(Located in front of Alimentiveness.) 

TnE Drinker, and the Swimmer. — Love of liquids ; 
fondness for water, washing, bathing, swimming, sailing, 
stimulants, etc. Adapted to the existence and utility of water. 
Perversion — drinking in excessive quantities ; drunkenness ; 
and unquenchable thirst. 

Very Large. — Are excessively fond of water, whether applied 
internally or externally, and a natural swimmer ; and with Individu- 
ality and Locality, a natural seaman ; with large Adhesiveness and 



ACQUISITIVENESS. 



93 



Apprbhativeness, ano small Self-esteem and Acquisitiveness, should 
avoid the social glass, for fear of being overcome by it. 

Large. — Love to drink freely and frequently; experience much 
thirst ; enjoy washing, swimming, bathing, etc., exceedingly, and are 
benefited by them ; with Ideality large, love water prospects. 

Full. — Enjoy water well, but not extravagantly ; drink freely 
when the stomach is in a fevered state, and are benefited by its judi- 
cious external application. 

Average. — Like to drink at times, after working freely or per- 
spiring copiously, yet ordinarily care little about it. 

Moderate. — Partake of little water, except occasionally, and are 
not particularly benefited by its external application, further than is 
necessary for cleanliness ; dislike shower or plunge-baths, and rather 
dread than enjoy sailing, swimming, etc., especially when Cautious- 
ness is large. 

Small. — Care little for liquids in any of their forms, or for any 
soups, and, with large Cautiousness, dread to be on or near the water ; 
with Alimentiveness large, prefer solid, hard food to puddings or 
broth, etc. 

Very Small. — Have an unqualified aversion to water and aD 
fluids. 

1L ACQUISITIVENESS. 



LARGE. 





S T o. 152. 



- Wm. Teller, Tjhef and 
mukdfrer. 



No. 153. — Mr. Gosse— gave aw. 
two Fortunes. 



The Merchant. — Economy; frugality; the acquiring 
laving, and laying-up instinct; laying up a surplus, and allow- 



94 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

nig nothing to be wasted; desire to possess and own; the 
niine-and-lhine feeling; claiming of one's own things; love of 
trading and amassing property. Adapted to man's need of lay- 
ing up the necessaries and comforts of life against future needs. 
Perversion — a miserly, grasping, close-fisted penuriousness. 

Very Large. — Hasten to be rich; are too eager after wealth ; 
too industrious ; too close in making bargains ; too small in dealing ; 
with moderate Hope and large Cautiousness, are penny wise but 
pound foolish ; hold the sixpence too close to the eye to see the dollar 
farther off*, and give entire energies to amassing property ; with smaller 
Secretiveness and large Conscientiousness, are close, yet honest ; will 
have dues, yet want no more, and never employ deception ; but, with 
large Secretiveness and but average Conscientiousness, make money 
anyhow; palm off inferior articles for good ones, or at least over- 
praise those on sale, but run down in buying ; and with large Parental 
Love and perceptives added, can make a finished horse-jockey ; with 
small Self-esteem, are small and mean in deal, and stick for the half 
cent ; with very large Hope and only full Cautiousness, embark too 
deeply in business, and are liable to fail ; with large Adhesiveness 
and Benevolence, will do for friends more than give, and had rather 
circulate the subscription-paper than sign it ; with large Hope and 
Secretiveness, and only average Cautiousness, buy more than can be 
paid for, pay more in promises than money, should adopt a cash busi- 
ness, and check the manifestations of this faculty by being less penu- 
rious and industrious, and more liberal : p. 92. 

Large. — Save for future use what is not wanted for present ; allow 
nothing to go to waste; turn everything to a good account; buy 
closely and make the most of everything ; are industrious, econom- 
ical, and vigorously employ all means to accumulate property ; desire 
to own and possess much ; with large social organs, industriously 
acquire property for domestic purposes, yet are saving in the family ; 
with very large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, are industrious in 
making money, yet spend it too freely upon friends ; with large 
I lope added, are too apt to indorse for them ; with small Secretive- 
ntss, and activity greater than power, are liable to overdo, and take 
on too much work in order to save, so much as often to incur sickness, 
and thus lose more than gain ; with large Approbativeness and small 
Secretiveness, boast of wealth, but with large Secretiveness, keep 
pecuniary affairs secret ; with large Constructiveness, incline to make 
noney by engaging in some mechanical branch of business ; with 



ACQUISITIVENESS. 95 

large Cautiousness, are provident ; with large Ideality, keep things 
very nice, and are tormented by whatever mars beauty ; with large 
intellectual organs, love to accumulate books, and whatever facilitates 
intellectual progress ; with large Veneration and Self-esteem, set 
great store by antique and rare coins, and specimens, etc. : p. 89. 

Full. — Take good care of possessions, and use vigorous exer 
(ions to enhance them ; value property for itself and its uses ; artf 
industrious, yet not grasping ; and saving, without being close ; with 
large Benevolence, are too ready to help friends ; and with larg$ 
Hope added, too liable to indorse ; and with an active temperament, 
too industrious to come to want ; yet too generous ever to be rich . 
p. 93. 

Average. — Love property ; yet the other faculties spend quite 
as fast as this faculty accumulates ; with Cautiousness large or very 
large, love property in order to be safe against future want ; with 
large Approbativeness, desire it to keep up appearances ; with large 
Conscientiousness, to pay debts ; with large intellectual organs, will 
pay freely for intellectual attainments ; yet the kind of property and 
objects sought in its acquisition depends upon other and larger 
faculties : p. 89. 

Moderate. — Value and make property more for its uses than 
itself; seek it as a means rather than an end ; with Cautiousness 
large, may evince economy from tear of coming to want, or with other 
large organs, to secure other ends, yet care little for property on its 
own account ; are rather wasteful ; do not excel in bargaining, or like 
it ; have no great natural pecuniary tact, or money-making capability, 
and are in danger of living quite up to income ; with Ideality large, 
must have nice things, no matter how costly, yet do not take first- 
rate care of them ; disregard small expenses ; purchase to consume 
as soon as to keep ; prefer to enjoy earnings now to laying them up ; 
with large domestic organ, spend freely for family ; with strong Ap- 
pvobativeness and moderate Cautiousness, are extravagant, and con- 
tract debts to make a display ; with Hope large, run deeply in debt, 
and spend money before it is earned : p. 94. 

Small. — Hold money loosely ; spend it often without getting its 
value ; care little how money goes ; with Hope very large, enjoy 
money to-day without saving for to-morrow ; and with large Appro- 
bativeness and Ideality added, and only average Causality, are prodi- 
gal, and spend money to poor advantage ; contract debts without pro- 
viding for their payment, etc. : p. 95. 



96 



ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 



Very Small. — Neither heed nor know the value of money; are 
wasteful ; spend all they can get ; lack industry, and will be always 
in want : p. 95. 

The back part of this organ, called Acquisition, accumulates prop- 
erty ; the fore part, called Accumulation, saves ; the former large and 
latter small, encompass sea and land to make a dollar, and then 
throw it away, which is an American characteristic ; and get many 
things, but allow them to go to waste. Properly to spend money im- 
plies a high order of wisdom. Every dollar should be made an in- 
strument of the highest happiness. 

To Cultivate. — Try to estimate the value of money intellectu- 
ally, and save up as a philosophy ; economize time and means ; culti- 
vate industry ; engage in some mercenary business ; determine to get 
rich, and use the means for so doing, and be what you consider even 
small in expenditures ; lay by a given sum at stated times, without 
thinking to use it except in extreme want ; and when enough is laid 
by, make a first payment on real estate, or launch into business, thus 
compelling yourself both to save the driblets, and earn what you can 
in order to save yourself, and do by intellect what you are not dis- 
posed to do by intuition : p. 249. 

To Restrain. — Think less of dollars ; study means for enjoying 
your property ; often quit business for recreation ; attend more rela- 
tively to other life ends, less to mere money-getting ; that is, cultivate 
the other faculties, and be more generous : p. 250. 



12. SECRETIVENESS. 





No. 155. — * Small. 



No. 154. — Large. 

The Concealer. — Tact; self government ; ability to re 
btrain feelings ; policy ; management ; reserve ; evasion ; dis 



SECRETIVENESS. 97 

cretion ; cunning; double-dealing; adapted to man's requisi- 
tion for self-control. Perverted, it causes duplicity, double- 
dealing, lying, deception, and all kinds of false pretensions. 

It is located in the centre of the animal group, doubtless 
because we require to restrain our passions most. 

Very Large. — Are non-committal and cunning in the extreme, 
and with only average Conscientiousness, deceptive, tricky, foxy, 
double-dealing, and unworthy to be trusted ; with large Acquisitive- 
ness added, will both cheat and lie ; with large Cautiousness, are un- 
fathomable even by acknowledged friends ; with very large moral 
organs, and only average or full propensities, are not dangerous, and 
have a good moral basis, yet instinctively employ many stratagems 
calculated to cover up the real motives ; and should cultivate open- 
ness and sincerity : p. 98. 

Large. — Throw a veil over countenance, expression, and conduct; 
appear to aim at one thing, while accomplishing another ; love to sur- 
prise others ; are enigmatical, mysterious, guarded, politic, shrewd, 
managing, employ humbug, and are hard to be found out ; with Cau- 
tiousness large, take extra pains to escape detection ; with Conscien- 
tiousness also large, will not tell a lie, yet will not always tell the 
truth ; evade the direct question, and are equivocal, and though hon- 
est in purpose, yet resort to many little cunning devices ; with large 
intellectual organs and Cautiousness, express ideas so guardedly as to 
lack distinctness and directness, and hence to be often misunderstood ; 
with large Approbativeness, take many ways to secure notoriety, and 
hoist some false colors ; with large Acquisitiveness, employ too much 
cunning in pecuniary transactions, and unless checked by still larger 
Conscientiousness, are not always strictly truthful or honest ; with 
large social organs, form few friendships, and those only after years 
of acquaintance, nor evince half the attachment felt ; are distant 
in society, and communicate even with friends only by piecemeal ; 
divulge very few plans or business matters to acquaintances, or even 
to friends ; lack communicativeness, and have little or no fresh- 
hearted expression of feeling, but leave an impression of uncertainty 
as to character and intention : p. 96. 

Full. — Evince much self-government ; yet, if the temperament is 

active, when the feelings do break forth, manifest them with unusual 

intensity; with large Acquisitiveness and Cautiousness, 'ommunicate 

but little respecting pecuniary affairs ; with large Approbativeness, 

7 



98 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

take the popular side of subjects, and sail only with the current o* « 
public opinion ; with Conscientiousness large, are upright in motive, 
and tell the truth, but not always the whole truth ; and though never ' 
hoist false colors, yet do not always show true ones : p. 99. 

Average. — Maintain a fair share of self-government, except 
when under excitement, and then let the whole mind out fully ; with 
large Combativeness and an active temperament, though generally 
able to control resentment, yet, when once provoked, show the full 
extent of their anger ; with large Cautiousness, see that there is no 
danger before allowing the feelings to burst forth ; but with an ex- 
citable temperament, and especially a deranged stomach, show a gen- 
eral want of policy and self-government, because the feelings are too 
strong to be kept in cheek ; but if this faculty is manifested in con- 
nection with stronger faculties, it evinces considerable power, yet is 
wanting when placed in opposition to them : p. 96. 

Moderate. — Express feelings with considerable fullness ; pursue 
an open, direct course ; are sincere and true ; employ but little policy, 
and generallv £;ive full vent to thoughts and feelings ; with Cautious- 
ness large, evince prudence in deeds, but imprudence in words ; ex- 
press opinions unguardedly, yet are safe and circumspect in conduct ; 
with large Acquisitiveness and Conscientiousness, are honest, and think 
others equally so ; are too easily victimized by the confidence man ; 
prefer the one-price system in dealing, and cannot bear to banter ; 
with large Adhesiveness, are sincere and open-hearted in friendship, 
and communicate with perfect freedom ; with large Conscientious- 
ness and Combativeness added, are truthful, and speak the whole mind 
too bluntly ; with fine feelings, and a good moral organization, man- 
ifest the higher, finer feelings without restraint or reserve, so as to be 
the more attractive ; are full of goodness, and show all that goodness 
without any intervening veil ; manifest in looks and actions what is 
passing within ; express all mental operations with fullness, freedom, 
and force ; choose direct and unequivocal modes of expression ; disclose 
faults as freely as virtues, and leave none at a loss as to the real char- 
acter ; but with the harsher elements predominant, appear more hating 
and hateful than they really are, because all is blown right out : p. 100. 

Small. — Are perfectly transparent; seem to be just what, and all 
they really are ; disdain concealment in all forms ; are no hypocrites, 
but positive and unequivoca 1 *n all said and done ; carry the soul in 
the hands and face, and make way directly to the feelings of others, 
because expressing them so unequivocally ; are too spontaneous ; with 



CAUTIOUSNESS. 99 

*arge Cautiousness, are guarded in action, but unguarded in expres- 
sion ; free the mind regardless of consequences, yet show much pru- 
lence in other respects ; with Conscientiousness large, love the truth 
wherever it exists, and open the mind freely to evidence and convic 
tion ; are open and aboveboard in everything, and allow all the men 
tal operations to come right out, unveiled and uriestrained, so thai 
their full force is seen and felt : p. 101. 

Very Small. — Conceal nothing, but disclose everything : p. 

To Cultivate. — Supply by intellect that guardedness and pol- 
icy lacked by instinct; try to "lie low, and keep dark," and suppress 
jour natural outgushings of feeling and intellect; cultivate self-control 
by subjecting all you say and do to judgment, instead of allowing mo- 
mentary impulses to rule conduct ; do not tell all you know or intend 
to do, and occasionally pursue a roundabout course ; be guarded, pol- 
itic, and wary in everything; do not make acquaintances or confide 
in people as much as is natural, but treat everybody as if they needed 
watching : 252. 

To Kestraix. — Cultivate a direct, straightforward, aboveboard, 
and open way, and pursue a course just the opposite from the one sug- 
gested for its cultivation : 253. 

13. CAUTIOUSNESS. 

The Sentinel. — Carefulness ; prudence ; solicitude ; anx 
;ety ; watchfulness ; apprehension ; security ; protection : pro- 
vision against want and danger ; foreseeing and avoiding pro- 
spective evils; the watchman ; discretion ; care; vigilance. 

Adapted to ward off surrounding clangers, and make those 
provisions necessary for future happiness. Perversion — irres 
olution ; timidity ; procrastination ; indecision ; fright ; panic. 

Very Largf. — Are over-anxious; always on the lookout ; wor- 
ried about trifles ; afraid of shadows ; forever getting ready, because 
fo many provisions to make ; are careful in business ; often revise de- 
cisions, because afraid to trust the issue ; live in perpetual fear of evils 
mid accidents; take extra pains with everything; lack promptness and 
lecision, and run no large risks; put off' till to-morrow what ought 
to be done to-day; with excitability large, live in a constant panic; 
procrastinate ; are easily frightened ; see mountains of evil where 
•iiere are only mole-hills ; are often unnerved by fright, and overcomes 



100 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

by false afarms ; with only average or full Combativeness, Self-esteem 
and Hope, and large Approbativeness, accomplish literally nothing, 





No. 156. — Deacon Terry. 



No. 157. — Charles XII. of Sweden. 



but should always act under others ; with large Acquisitiveness, pre* 
fer bonds and mortgages to traffic, small but sure gains to large but 
more risky ones, and safe investments to active business: p. 105. 

Large. — Are always on the lookout; take ample time to get 
ready; provide against prospective dangers; make everything safe; 
guard against losses and evils ; incur no risks ; sure bind that they 
may sure find ; with large Combativeness, Hope, and an active tem- 
perament, drive, Jehu-like, whatever is undertaken, yet drive cau- 
tiously; lay on the lash, yet hold a tight rein, so as not to upset 
plans ; with large Approbativeness, are doubly cautious as to charac- 
ter ; with large Approbativeness and small Acquisitiveness, are extra 
careful of character, but not of money ; with large Acquisitiveness and 
email Approbativeness, take special care of all money matters, but not 
of reputation ; with large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, experience 
the greatest solicitude for the welfare of friends ; with large Consci- 
entiousness, are careful to do nothing wrong; with large Causality, 
ay safe plans, and are judicious ; with large Combativeness and Hope, 
combine j udgment with energy and enterprise, and often seem reck- 
less, yet are prudent; with large intellectual organs and Firmness, 
are cauticus in coming to conclusions, and canvass well all sides of alj 
•juestions, yet, once settled, are unmoved ; with small Self-esteem, 



CAUTIOUSNESS. 101 

rely too much on the judgment of others, and too little on^lf; witfc 
large Parental Love and disordered nerves, experience unnecessary 
solicitude for children, and take extra care of them, often killing them 
with kindness, etc.: p. 104. 

Full. — Show a good share of prudence and carefulness, except 
when the other faculties are powerfully excited ; with large Combat- 
iveness and very large Hope, have too little prudence for energy; aio 
tolerably safe, except when under considerable excitement; with 
large Acquisitiveness, are very careful whenever money or property 
are concerned; yet, with only average Causality, evince but little 
general prudence, and lay plans for the present rather than future, 
etc. : p. 105. 

Average. — Have a good share of prudence, whenever this fac- 
ulty works in connection with the larger organs, yet evince but little 
in the direction of the smaller; with large Combativeness and Hope, 
and an excitable temperament, are practically imprudent, yet some- 
what less so than appearances indicate ; with large Causality and 
only average Hope and Combativeness, and a temperament more 
strong than excitable, evince good general judgment, and meet with 
but few accidents ; but with an excitable temperament, large Combat- 
iveness and Hope, and only average or full Causality, are always in 
hot water, fail to mature plans, begin before ready, and are luckless 
and unfortunate in everything, etc. : p. 103. 

Moderate. — With excitability great, act upon the spur of the 
moment, without due deliberation ; meet with many accidents caused 
by imprudence ; with large Combativeness, are often at variance with 
neighbors, and make many enemies ; with large Approbativeness, 
seek praise, yet often incur criticism ; with average Causality and 
large Hope, are always doing imprudent things, and require a guard- 
ian ; with small Acquisitiveness, keep money loosely, and are easily 
over-persuaded to buy more than can be paid for ; with large Paren- 
tal Love, play with children, yet often hurt them ; with large Lan* 
guage and small Secretiveness, say many very imprudent tilings, etc. : 
p. 106. 

Small. — Are rash, reckless, luckless ; and with large Hope, al- 
ways in trouble ; with large Combativeness, plunge headlong into 
difficulties in full sight, and should assiduously cultivate this faculty : 
p. 106. 

Very Small. — Have so little of this faculty, that its influence on 
•onduct is rarely ever perceived : p. 107. 



102 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 



To Cultivate. — Count the advantages against, but not for 
look out for breakers ; think how much indiscretion and carelessness 
have injured you, and be careful and watehful in every tiling. Im- 
prudence is your fault. Be judicious; and remember that danger is 
always much greater than you anticipate ; so keep aloof from every 
appearance of it : 2oo. 

T > Restrain. — Offset its workings by intellect ; remember that 
you perpetually magnify dangers ; let intellect tell Cautiousness to 
keep quiet ; offset it by cultivating a bold, combative, daring spirit ; 
encourage a don't-care feeling, and a let-things-take-their-course — 
wLy-worry-about-them ? do not indulge so much anxiety when chil- 
dren or friends do not return as expected ; never allow a frightened, 
panic-stricken state of mind, but face apprehended evils, instead of 
quailing before them ; and remember that you magnify every appear- 
ance of evil : 2jG. 14 



14. APPRO BATIVENESS 

TnE Aristocrat. — Ambition ; re- 
gard for character, appearances, etc. ; love 
of praise, popularity, fashion, and fame ; 
desire to excel and be esteemed ; affabil- 
ity ; politeness ; love of display and show ; i 
sense of honor ; desire for a good name, 
for notoriety, eminence, distinction, and ' 
to be thought well of; pride of character; 
sensitiveness to the speeches of people. 

Adapted to the reputable and disgrace- 
ful. Perversion — vanity ; affectation ; ceremoniousness ; aris- 
tocracy ; pomposity ; eagerness for popularity, gaudy display, 
etc. 

Very Large. — Set everything by the good opinion of others ; 
are ostentatious, if not vain and ambitious ; love praise, and are mor- 
tified by censure inordinately ; with moderate Self-esteem and Firm- 
ness, cannot breast public opinion, but are over-fond of popularity ; 
with only average Conscientiousness, seek popularity without regard 
to merit ; but with large Consck tiousness, seek praise mainly for vir- 
aous doings ; with large Ideality, and only average Causality, see> 




158. — The Proud Youth. 



APPROBATIVENESS. 103 

praise for fashionable dress and outside appearances rather than in- 
ternal merit ; are both vain and fashionable as well as aristocratic ; 
starve the kitchen to ornament the parlor ; with large Acquisitive- 
ness, boast of riches; with large Adhesiveness, of friends ; with large 
Language, are extra forward in conversation, and engross much o* 
the time, etc. This is the main organ of aristocracy, exclusiveness, 
fashionableness, so-called pride, and nonsensical outside show : p. 1 1 0. 

Large. — Love commendation, and are cut by censure; are 
keenly alive to the smiles and frowns of public opinion ; mind w r hat 
people say ; strive to show off to advantage, and are affable, courte- 
ous, and desirous of pleasing ; love to be in company ; stand on eti- 
quette and ceremony ; aspire to do and become something great ; set 
much by appearances, and are mortified by reproach ; with large 
Cautiousness and moderate Self-esteem, are bashful, take the popular 
side, and fear to face the ridicule of others ; yet, with Conscientious- 
ness and Combativeness large, stick to the right, though unpopular, 
knowing that it will ultimately confer honor ; with large Benevolence, 
seek praise for works of philanthropy and mercy ; with large intellec- 
tual organs, love literary and intellectual distinctions ; with large 
Adhesiveness, desire the good opinion of friends, yet care little for 
that of others ; with large Self-esteem, Combativeness, and excitabil- 
ity, are very touchy when criticised, seek public life, want all the 
praise, and hate rivals ; with large perceptives, take a forward part 
in l»*erary and debating societies ; with large Combativeness, Hope, 
and activity, will not be outdone, but rather work till completely ex- 
hausted, and are liable to overdo, in order to eclipse rivals : p. 108. 

Full. — Value the estimation of others, yet will not go far after 
it ; seek praise in the direction of the larger organs, yet care little for 
it in that of the smaller ; are not aristocratic, yet like to make a fair 
show in the world; with large Adhesiveness, seek the praise and 
avoid the censure of friends ; with large Conscientiousness, set much 
by moral character, and wish to be praised for correct motives ; yet, 
with moderate Acquisitiveness, care little for the name of being rich ; 
tfith large Benevolence and intellectual organs, desire to be esteemed 
for evincing talents in doing good, etc. : p. 110. 

Average. — Show only a respectable share of this faculty, except 
when it is powerfully wrought upon by praise or reproach ; are mor- 
tified by censure, yet not extremely so, and call in the other faculties 
to justify ; are not particularly ambitious, yet by no means deficient, 
and not insensible to compliments, yet cannot well be inflated by 
braise : p. 107. 



104 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Moderate. — Feel some, but no great, regard for popularity 
and evince this faculty only in connection with the larger organs 
with large Self-esteem and Firmness, are inflexible and austere ; and 
with large Combativeness and small Agreeableness, lack civility and 
complaisance to others ; disdain to flatter, and cannot be flattered, 
and should cultivate a pleasing, winning mode of address : p. 112. 

Small. — Care little for the opinions of others, even of friends ; 
are comparatively insensible to praise ; disregard style and fashion ; 
despise etiquette and formal usages ; never ask what will persons 
think, and put on no outside appearances for their own sake ; with 
large Self-esteem, Firmness, and Combativeness, are destitute of po- 
liteness, devoid of ceremony, and not at all flexible or pleasing in 
manners ; with large Combativeness and Conscientiousness, go for the 
right regardless of popularity, and are always making enemies ; say 
and do things in so graceless a manner as often to displease; with 
large Acquisitiveness and Self-esteem, though wealthy, make no boast 
of it, and are as commonplace in conduct as if poor, etc. : p. 112. 

Very Small. — Care almost nothing for reputation, praise, or 
censure. 

To Cultivate. — Remember that you often stand in your own 
light by caring too little for the speeches of people, for appearance 
and character ; and cherish a higher regard for public opinion, for 
your character and standing among men, for a good name, and do 
nothing in the least to tarnish your reputation, but cultivate a win- 
ning, politic, pleasant manner toward all, as if you would ingratiate 
yourself into their good-will : 258. 

To Restrain. — Remember that you are infinitely too sensitive 
to reproof; that your feelings are often hurt when there is no occa- 
sion ; that you often feel neglected or reproved without cause ; that 
evil speaking breaks no bones, and will ultimately thwart itself; 
should lay aside that affected, artificial style of manners and speak- 
ing ; be more natural ; walk, act, feel as if alone, not forever looked 
at; be less particular about dress, style, appearance, etc., and less 
mindful of praise and blame ; subject Approbativeness to conscience ; 
that is, do what is right, and let people say what they like ; be more 
independent, and less ambitious and sensitive to praise and flattery 
259, 



SELF-ESTEEM. 105 

15. SELF-ESTEEM. 

The I:\irERATOR. — Self-respect, self-reliance, self-apprecia- 
" >n, self-satisfaction, and complacency ; independence ; dig- 
r ,y ; nobleness; love of liberty and power; the aspiring, 
°lf-elevatin^, ruling instinct. 

Adapted to the superiority, greatness, and exalted dignity of 
a man nature. Perversion — egotism; hauteur; forwardness; 
vranny; superciliousness; imperiousness. 

Very Large. — Have the* highest respect for self; place special 
tress on the personal pronouns ; carry a high head, and walk so 
straight as to lean backward ; have a restless, boundless ambition to 
e and do some great thing ; with only full intellect, have more ego- 
t ism than talents, and are proud, pompous, supercilious, and imperi- 
ous, and with Hope large, must operate on a great scale or none, and 
iaunch out too deeply ; with Approbativeness large, are most aristo- 
cratic ; and with only fair intellect, are a swell-head and great brag, 
and put self above everybody else ; with only average Approbative- 
ness and Agreeableness, take no pains to smooth off the rougher 
points of character, but are every way repulsive ; with average Paren- 
tal Love, are very domineering in the family, and insist upon being 
waited upon, obeyed, etc. ; and should carry the head a little lower, 
and cultivate humility : p. 116. 

Large. — Put a high estimate upon own sayings, doings, and 
capabilities ; fall back upon own unaided resources ; will not take ad- 
vW *wi* insist upon being: own master ; are high-minded ; will never 
stoop, or fiemean sell; aim niu;h ; are no* sati^fiW with mod^^tp suc- 
cess, or a petty business, and comport and speaK with dignity, per- 
haps majesty; are perfectly self-satisfied; with large Parental Love, 
pride self in children, yet with Combativeness large, require implicit 
obedience, and are liable to be stern ; with large Adhesiveness, seek 
society, yet must lead ; with large Acquisitiveness added, seek part 
nership, but must be the head of the firm ; with large Firmness and 
Combativeness, cannot be driven, but insist upon doing own will and 
pleasure, and are sometimes contrary and headsvrong ; with large 
Hope, think that anything you do must succeed, because done so 
well ; with large moral organs, impart a tone, dignity, aspiration, and 
^vsr'nr of n hamr*e r wij!<]- • % ~!iiinp*»d universal respect; and with 



106 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

large intellectual faculties added, enjoy and are very well calculated 
for public life ; are a natural leader, but seek moral distinction, and 
to lead the public mind : with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, 
Firmness, and Approbativeness, love to be captain or general, and 
speak with that sternness and authority which enforce obedience ; 
with large Acquisitiveness, aspire to be rich — the richest man in 
town — partly on account of the power wealth confers ; with large 
Language, Individuality, Firmness, and Combativeness, seek to be a 
political leader; with large Constructiveness, Perceptives, Causality, 
and Combativeness, are well calculated to have the direction of men, 
and oversee large mechanical establishments ; with only average brain 
and intellect, and large selfish faculties, are proud, haughty, domi- 
neering, egotistical, overbearing, greedy of power and dominion, 
etc. : p. 114. 

Full. — Evince a good degree of dignity and self-respect, yet are 
not proud or haughty ; with large Combativeness, Firmness, and 
Hope, rely fully upon own energies in cases of emergency, yet are 
willing to hear advice, though seldom take it ; conduct becomingly, 
and secure respect ; and with large Combativeness and Firmness, and 
full Destructiveness and Hope, evince much power of this faculty, but 
little when these faculties are moderate : p. 116. 

Average. — Show this faculty mainly in combination with those 
that are larger; with large Approbativeness and Firmness, and a 
large brain and moral organs, rarely trifle or evince meanness, yet are 
rarely conceited, and think neither too little nor too much of self, 
but place a just estimate upon their own capabilities ; with large Ad- 
hesiveness, both receive and impart character to friends, yet receive 
most; with large Conscientiousness, pride self more on moral worth 
than physical qualities, wealth, titles, etc. ; and with large intellect- 
ual and moral organs, mainly for intellectual and moral excel- 
lence : p. 112. 

Moderate. — Rather underrate personal capabilities and worth ; 
feel somewhat inferior, unworthy, and humble ; lack dignity, and are 
apt to say and do trifling things, and let self down ; with large intellect- 
ual and moral organs, lead off well when once placed in a responsible 
position, yet at first distrust own capabilities ; with large Conscien- 
tiousness, Combativeness, and activity, often appear self-sufficient and 
positive, because certain of being right, yet it is founded more on 
reason than egotism ; with large Approbativeness, love to show off, 
yet are Aot satisfied with self ; go abroad after praise, rather than feel 



SELF-ESTEEM. 107 

nternally conscious of personal merits; are apt to boast, because 
more desirous of the estimation of others than conscious of persona 
worth ; with large moral and intellectual powers, have exalted thoughts 
and aspirations, and communicate well, yet often detract from them 
by commonplace phrases and undignified expressions; will be too 
familiar to be respected in proportion to merit, and should vigorously 
cultivate this faculty by banishing mean, and cultivating high 
thoughts of self: p. 116. 

Small. — Feel diminutive ; lack elevation and dignity of tone and 
manner ; place too low estimate on self; and, with Approbativeness 
large, are too anxious to appear well in the eyes of others ; with large 
Combativeness and Destructiveness, show some self-reliance when 
provoked or placed in responsible positions, yet lack that dignity 
which commands respect, and leads off in society ; lack self-confidence 
and weight of character ; shrink from responsible and great under- 
takings, from a feeling of unworthiness ; underrate self, and are 
therefore undervalued by others, and feel insignificant, as if in the 
way, or trespassing upon others, and hence often apologize, and should 
cultivate this faculty. 

Very Small. — Feel little, and manifest none of this faculty. 

To Cultivate. — Say of yourself what Black Hawk said to Jack- 
son — "I am a man ! " one endowed with the ennobling elements of 
humanity. Realize how exalted those human endowments conferred 
on you are, and put a higher estimate on yourself, physically, intel- 
lectually, morally. Recount your good traits, and cultivate self- valu- 
ation in view of them. Pride yourself on what you are, but never 
indulge self-abasement because not dressed, or not as rich or stylish 
as others. Be less humble toward men, but hold up your head among 
them, as if good enough for any. Assume the attitude and natural 
language of self-esteem. Study its phrenological definition, and cul- 
tivate the self-esteem feeling : 261. 

To Restrain. — Bear in mind that you esteem yourself much bet- 
ter than you really are ; that you overrate all your powers, and are 
loo forward and self-confident; that more modesty would improve 
yo. ; that you incline too much to be arbitrary and domineering ; 
that you are more faulty than you suppose, and need humility : 263. 



103 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 



16. FIRMNESS. 



The Pillar. — Stability ; decision ; perseverance ; perti* 
nacity ; fixedness of purpose ; aversion to change ; indomita- 
bility ; will. 

Adapted to man's requisition for holding out to the end. 
Perversion — obstinacy ; willfulness ; mulishness ; stubborn- 
ness ; unwillingness to change even when reason requires. 

Vkk Y Lakge. — Are well-nigh obstinate, stubborn, and with large 
Combativeness and Self-esteem, as unchangeable as the laws of the 
Medes and Persians, and can neither be persuaded nor driven ; with 
large activity, power, brain, and intellectual organs, are well calcu- 
lated to carry forward some great work which requires the utmost de- 
termination and energy ; with large Causality, can possibly be turned 
by potent reasons, yet by nothing else. 

Large. — Are set and willful ; stick to and carry out what is com- 
menced ; hold on long and hard ; continue to the end, and may be 
fully relied upon ; with full Self-esteem and large Combativeness, can- 
not be driven, but the more determined the more driven ; with large 
Combativeness and Destructiveness, add perseverance to stability, 
and not only hold on, but drive forward determinedly through diffi- 
culties ; with large Hope, undertake much, and carry all out ; with 
lar^e Cautiousness and Causality, are careful and judicious in laying 
plans and forming opinions, yet rare- 
ly change ; may seem to waver until 
the mind is fully made up, but are 
afterward the more unchanging ; with 
Hope very large, and Cautiousness 
and Causality only average, decide 
quickly, even rashly, and refuse to 
change ; with Adhesiveness and Be- 
nevolence large, are easily persuaded, v 
especially by friends, yet cannot be 
driven ; and with large Cautiousness, 
Combativeness, Causality, percep- 
tives, activity, and power, will gen- 
erally succeed, because wise in plan- 
ning and persevering in execu- 




159. — Da. Caldwell. Very Large. 



FIRMNESS 103 

tion ; with Combativeness and Self-esteem large, a.id Cau°ality onl) 
average, will not see the force of opposing arguments, but tenaciously 
adhere to affirmed opinions and purposes ; with large Conscientious- 
ness and Combativeness, are doubly decided wherever light and 
justice are concerned, and in such cases will never give one inch, but 
will stand out in argument, effort, or as juryman, till the last : p. 119. 

Full. — Like Firmness large, show a great degree of decision 
when this faculty works with large organs, but not otherwise ; with 
Combativeness and Conscientiousness large, show great fixedness 
wheie right and truth are concerned, yet with Acquisitiveness moder- 
ate, lack perseverance in money matters ; with moderate Combative- 
ness and Self-esteem, are easily turned ; and w T i f h large Adhesiveness 
and Benevolence, too easily persuaded, even against better judgment ; 
with Cautiousness and Approbativeness large, or very large, often 
evince fickleness, irresolution, and procrastination ; and with an un- 
even head, and an excitable temperament, often appear deficient in 
this faculty : p. 131. 

Average. — When supported by large Combativeness, or Consci- 
entiousness, or Causality, or Acquisitiveness, etc., show a good degree 
of this faculty ; but when opposed by large Cautiousness, Approba- 
tiveness, or Adhesiveness, evince its deficiency, and have not enough 
for great undertakings ; p. 119. 

Moderate. — Rather lack perseverance, even when the stronger 
faculties support it ; but when they do not, evince fickleness, irresolu- 
tion, indecision, and lack perseverance ; with Adhesiveness large, are 
too easily persuaded and influenced by friends ; with large Cautious- 
ness and Approbativeness, and moderate or small Self-esteem, are 
flexible and fickle, and go with the current : p. 132. 

Small. — With activity great, and the head uneven, are fitful, im- 
pulsive, and, like the weather-vane, shift with every changing breeze, 
and are ruled by the other faculties, and as unstable as water : p. 122. 

Very Small. — Are changed by the slightest motives, and a per- 
fect creature of circumstances, and accomplish nothing requiring 
perseverance: p. 122. 

To Cultivate. — Have more a mind of your own : make up your 
mind wisely, and then stand to your purpose; be sure you are light, 
then hold on ; surmount difficulties, instead of turning aside to avoid 
them ; resist the persuasions of others ; begin nothing not worthy of 
finishing, and finish all you begin : 265. 

^o Restrain. — Remember that you are too obstinate and per- 



110 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES 

Bistent, often to your own loss ; at least listen to the advice of others, 
and duly consider it, and govern Firmness by Intellect and Con- 
science, not allow it to govern them : 266. 

Moral Sentiments. 

These render man a moral, accountable, and religious be- 
ing, humanize, adorn, and elevate his nature ; connect him with 
the moral nature of things ; create his higher and nobler facul- 
ties ; beget aspirations after goodness, virtue, purity, and mora) 
principle, and ally him to angels and to God. 

Very Large. — Have a most exalted sense and feeling of the 
moral and religious, a high order of practical goodness, and the 
strongest aspirations for a higher and holier state, both in this life and 
that which is to come. 

Large. — Experience a high regard for things sacred and re- 
ligious ; have an elevated moral and aspiring cast of feeling and con- 
duct, along with right intentions, and a strong desire to become good, 
holy, and moral in feeling and conduct ; and with weak animal feel- 
ings, are too good for own good. 

Full. — Have good moral and religious tone, and general correct- 
ness of motive, so as to render feelings and conduct about right ; but 
with strong propensities, and only average intellectual faculties, aie 





No. 160. — Rev. Dr. Tyng. No. 161. — Hagarty, Murderer 

■ometimes led into errors of belief and practice ; mean right, yel 



CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. Ill 

sometimes do wrong, and should cultivate these faculties, and restrain 
the propensities. 

Average. — Surrounded by good influences, will be tolerably 
moral and religious in feeling, yet not sufficiently so to withstand 
strong propensities ; with disordered nerves, are quite liable to say 
ar.d do wrong things, yet afterward repent, and require much moral 
cultivation. 

Moderate. — Have a rather weak moral tone ; feel but little re- 
gard for things sacred and religious ; are easily led into temptation ; 
feel but little moral restraint ; and, with large propensities, especially 
if circumstances favor their excitement, are exceedingly liable to say 
and do what is wrong. 

Small. — Have weak moral feeling ; lack moral character ; and 
with large organs of the propensities, are liable to be depraved, and 
a bad member of society. 

Very Small. — Feel little, and show no moral tendencies. 

To Cultivate. — Yield implicit obedience to the higher, better 
sentiments of your nature ; cultivate a respect for religion ; lead a 
moral, spotless life ; cultivate all the human virtues ; especially study 
and contemplate Nature, and yield yourself to those elevating influ- 
ences kindled thereby ; cultivate adoration and love of the Deity in 
His works ; obey His natural laws ; study natural religion, and make 
your life as pure, right, true, and good, as possible. 

To Restrain. — To avoid becoming morbid in the action of the 
moral sentiments, and to overrule it when it exists, subject Benevo- 
lence, justice, Veneration, devotion, and Spirituality, to the guidance 
of intellect; and be more selfish, or at least less self-sacrificing, 
sad think more of material things. 

17. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 

The Jurist. — Integrity ; moral rectitude and principle, 
love of right and truth ; regard for duty, moral purity, promises, 
and obligations; penitence; contrition; approval of right; 
condemnation of wrong ; obedience to laws, rules, etc. Adapt- 
ed to natural right and wrong, and to the natural laws, and the 
moral nature and constitution of things. Perverted, it makes 
one do wrong from conscientious scruples, and torments with 
undue self-condemnation. 



112 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 



Very Large. — Place moral excellence at the head of all excel- 
lence ; make duty everything ; are governed by the highest order of 
moral principle ; would on no account knowingly do wrong ; are scru- 
pulously exact in all matters of right ; perfectly honest in motive ; 




17 



16 



17 




No. 162. — Very Large. 



No. 163. — Very Small. 



always condemning self and repenting, and very forgiving to those 
who evince penitence, but inexorable without ; with Combativeness 
large, evince the utmost indignation at the wrong, and pursue the 
right with great energy ; are censorious, make but little allowance for 
the faults and follies of mankind, show extraordinary moral courage 
and fortitude ; and are liable to denounce evil-doers ; with large 
Friendship, cannot tolerate the least thing wrong in friends, and are 
liable to reprove them; with large Parental Love, exact too much 
from children, and with large Combativeness, are too liable to blame 
them ; with large Cautiousness, are often afraid to do, for fear of do- 
ing wrong ; with large Veneration, reasoning faculties, and Language, 
are a natural theologian, and take the highest pleasure in reasoning 
and conversing upon all things having a moral and religious bearing ; 
with Veneration average, and Benevolence large or very large, can- 
not well help being a thorough-going reformer, etc. : p. 129. 

Large. — Love the right as right, and hate the wrong because 
wrong ; are honest, faithful, upright in motive ; mean well ; consult 
duty before expediency ; feel guilty when conscious of having done 
wrong ; ask forgiveness for the past, and try to do better in future ; 
with strong propensities, will sometimes do wrong, but be exceedingly 
sorry therefor ; and, with a wrong education added, are liable to do 
wrong, thinking it right, because these propensities warp conscience, 
pet mean well ; with large Cautiousness, are solicitous to know what 



CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 113 

is light, and careful to do it ; with weaker Cautiousness, sometimes dc 
wrong carelessly or indifferently, yet afterward repent it ; with large 
Cautiousness and Destructiveness, are severe on wrong-doers, and un- 
relenting until they evince penitence, but then cordially forgive ; with 
large Approbativeness, keep the moral character pure and spotless, 
value others on their morals more than wealth, birth, etc., and make 
the word the bond ; with large Benevolence, Combativeness, and 
Destructiveness, feel great indignation and severity against oppress- 
ors, and those who cause others to suffer by wronging, them : with 
large Ideality, have strong aspirations after moral purity and excel- 
lence ; with large reasoning organs, take great pleasure, and show 
much talent in reasoning upon and investigating moral subjects, 
etc.: p. 126. 

Full. — Have good conscientious feelings, and correct general in- 
tentions, yet are not quite as correct in action as intentions; mean 
well, yet with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Amativeness, 
etc., may sometimes yield to these faculties, especially if the system is 
somewhat inflamed ; with large Acquisitiveness, make very close bar- 
gains, and will take such advantages as are common in business, yet 
do not intend to wrong others out of their just dues, still, have more 
regard for money than justice ; with large intellectual organs, love to 
reason upon subjects where right and duty are involved, yet too often 
take the ground of expediency, and fail to allow right its due weight ; 
and should never allow conscience to be in any way weakened, but 
cultivate it assiduously : p. 130. 

Average. — When not tempted by stronger faculties, will do what 
is about right; generally justify self, and do not feel particularly in- 
dignant at the wrong, or commendatory of the right ; with large Appro- 
bativeness and Self-esteem, may do the honorable thing, yet where 
honor and right clash, will follow honor ; with only average Combat- 
iveness and Destructiveness, allow many wrong things to pass unre- 
buked, or even unresented, and show no great moral indignation or 
force ; with moderate or small Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and 
large Approbativeness, Benevolence, and Ideality, will do as nearly 
right, and commit as few errors as those with Secretiveness, Acquisi- 
tiveness, and Conscientiousness all large, and may be trusted, espe- 
cially on honor, yet will rarely feel guilty, and should never be blamed, 
because Approbativeness will be mortified before conscience is com 
victed ; with large propensities, especially Secretiveness and Acquisi- 
tiveness, and only full Benevolence, are selfish ; should be dealt will 
8 



114 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

cautiously, and thoroughly bound in writing, because liable to be slip 
pery, tricky, etc. ; and should cultivate this faculty by never allowing 
the propensities to overcome it, and by always considering things in 
the moral aspect: p. 124. 

Moderate. — Have some regard for duty in feeling, but less in 
practice; justify self; are neither very penitent nor forgiving; even 
temporize with principle, and sometimes let interest rule duty : p. 131. 

Small. — Have few conscientious scruples, and little penitence, 
gratitude, or regard for moral principle, justice, duty, etc., and are 
governed mainly by the larger faculties ; with large propensities, and 
only average Veneration and Spirituality, evince a marked deficiency 
of moral principle ; with moderate Secretiveness and Acquisitive- 
ness, and only full Destructiveness and Combativeness, and large 
Adhesiveness, Approbativeness, Benevolence, Ideality, and intellect, 
and a fine temperament, may live a tolerably blameless life ; yet, on 
close scrutiny, will lack the moral in feeling, but may be safely trusted, 
because true to promises, that is, conscience having less to contend 
with, its deficiency is less observable. Such should most earnestly 
cultivate this faculty : p. 132. 

Very Small. — Are almost wholly destitute of moral feeling, and 
wholly controlled by the other faculties: p. 133. 

To Cultivate. — Always ask yourself what is right and wrong, 
and adhere closely to the former, and studiously avoid the latter; 
make everything a matter of principle ; do just as nearly right as you 
know how in everything, and never allow conscience to be borne 
down by any of the other faculties, but keep it supreme ; maintain 
the right everywhere and lor everybody ; cultivate a high sense of 
duty and obligation, and try to reform every error ; in short, " let jus- 
tice be done, though the heavens fall : " 268. 

To Restrain. — Remember that you are too exact and exacting 
in everything ; that you often think you see faults where there are 
none ; that you carry duty and right to a needless extreme, and so far 
as to make it wrong ; that you are too condemnatory, and need to 
cultivate a lenient, forbearing, forgiving spirit ; that you trouble your- 
self unduly about the wrong-doing of others ; that you often accuse 
people of meaning worse than they really intend, and look at minor 
faults as mountains of wrong ; are too censorious ; too apt to throw 
away the gold on account of dross, to discard the greater good on ac- 
count of lesser attendant evils ; too liable to feel guilty and unworthy, 
as if unfit to live, and too conscience-stricken. Extreme Consri« 



HOPE. 115 

entiousness, with 6 or 7 organic quality, and large Combativeness, 
along with disordered nerves or dyspepsia, makes one of the mos* 
unpleasant of characters — querulous, eternally grumbling about 
nothing, magnifying everybody's faults, thus making mischief among 
neighbors; perpetually accusing everybody, and chiding children for 
mere trifles ; too rigid in matters of reform, and violent in denouncing 
opponents, of whom rabid radicals, punctilious religionists, and old 
maids furnish examples : 270. 

18. HOPE. 

TnE Promisee. — Anticipation of future success and hap- 
piness; buoyancy; light-heartedness ; that which looks on the 
bright side, builds fairy castles, magnifies prospects, speculates, 
makes promises, etc. 

Adapted to man's relations with the future. Perverted, it be- 
comes visionary. 

Vkry Large. — Have unbounded expectations ; build a world of 
castles in the air ; live in the future ; enjoy things in anticipation 
more than possession ; with small Continuity, have too many irons in 
the fire ; with an active temperament added, take on more business 
than can be worked off properly ; are too much hurried to do things 
in season ; with large Acquisitiveness, are grasping, count chickens 
before they are hatched, and often two to the egg at that ; are always 
rushing on after great piles of money away ahead, without noticing 
the smaller sums near by ; with only average Cautiousness, are 
always in hot water ; never stop to enjoy what is possessed, but grasp 
after more, and would accomplish much more if less were undertaken, 
and in taking one step forward, often slip two steps back : p. 133. 

Large. — Expect much from the future ; contemplate with pleas- 
ure the bright features of life's picture ; never despond ; overrate 
prospective good, and underrate and overlook obstacles and evils; 
calculate on more than the nature of the case will warrant ; expect, 
and hence attempt, a great deal, and are therefore always full of busi- 
ness ; are sanguine, and rise above present trouble by hoping for bet- 
ter things in future, and though disappointed, hope on still ; build 
Borne air-castles, and live in the future more than present ; with large 
Combativeness, Firmness, and Causality, are enterprising, never give 
tp the ship, but struggle manfully through difficulties ; and with large 



116 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Approbativeness, and full Self-esteem added, feel adequate to dim* 
unities, and grapple with them spiritedly; with large Self-esteem, 
think everything I attempt must succeed, and with large Causality 
added, consider their plans well-nigh perfect ; with large Acquisitive- 
ness, lay out money freely in view of future gain ; with large Appro- 
bativeness and Self-esteem, hope for renown, honor, etc. ; with large 
Veneration and Spirituality, hope to attain exalted moral excellence* 
and should check it by acting on only half it promises, and reasoning 
against it : p. 137. 

Full. — Expect considerable, but undertake no more than can be 
accomplished ; are quite sanguine and enterprising, yet with Cau- 
tiousness large are always on the safe side ; with large Acquisitive- 
ness added, invest money freely, yet always safely, and belong to the 
" bears ; " make good bargains, if any, and count all the cost, yet are 
not afraid of expenses where they will more than pay ; with larger 
animal organs than moral, will hope more for this worlds goods than 
for another's, and with larger moral than animal, for happiness in 
another state of being than in this, etc. : p. 139. 

Average. — Expect and attempt too little, rather than too much, 
with large Cautiousness, dwell more on difficulties than encourage- 
ments ; are contented with the present rather than lay up for the fu- 
ture ; with large Acquisitiveness added, invest money very safely, if 
at all, and prefer to put it out securely on interest rather than risk it ? 
except in a perfectly sure business ; will make money slowly, yet lose 
liftle ; and with large intellectual organs, in the long run acquire con- 
siderable wealth: p. 136. 

Moderate. — With large Cautiousness, make few promises; but 
with large Conscientiousness, scrupulously fulfill them, because prom- 
ise only what can be performed ; with small Self-esteem, and large 
Veneration, Conscientiousness, and Cautiousness, if a professed Chris- 
tian, will have many fears about future salvation ; with only average 
propensities, will lack energy, enterprise, and fortitude ; with large 
Firmness and Cautiousness, are very slow to embark, yet once com- 
mitted, rarely give up ; with large reasoning faculties, may be sure 
of success, because see why and how it is to be brought about ; with 
large Acquisitiveness, will hold on to whatever money is once ac 
ouired, or at least spend very cautiously, and only where sure to be 
i eturned with interest ; should cheer up, never despond, count favor- 
able, but not unfavorable chances, keep up a lively, buoyant state of 
mind, and " hope on, hope ever : " p. 139. 



SPIRITUALITY. 117 

Small. — Expect an^ undertake very little ; with large Cautious 
Jiess, put off too long ; are always behind; may embark in projects 
after everybody el<e has succeeded, but will then be too late, and in 
general knock at the door just after it has been bolted; with large 
Cautiousness, are forever in doubt ; with large Approbativeness and 
Cautiousness, though most desirous of praise, have little hopes of ob 
tabling it, and therefore exceedingly backward in society ; yet fear 
ridicule rather than hope for praise ; are easily discouraged, see lions 
in the way, lack enterprise, magnify obstacles, etc. : p. 140. 

Vkry Small. — Expect next to notlring, and undertake less: 
p. 140. 

To Cultivate. — Look altogether on the bright side, the dark 
none ; calculate all the chances for, none against you ; mingle in 
young and lively society ; banish care, and cultivate juvenility ; cheer 
up ; venture more in business ; cultivate trust in the future, and " look 
aloft!" 272. 

To Restrain. — Offset excessive expectation by intellect ; say to 
yourself, " My hope so far exceeds realities that I shall not get half I 
expect," and calculate accordingly ; do business on the cash principle, 
*n both buying and selling, otherwise you are in danger of buying 
Qore than you can pay for, and indorsing too much ; build no castles 
n the air ; indulge no revelings of hope ; shoulder only half the load 
rou feel confident you can carry, and balance your visionary anticipa- 
Aonb i,/ cool judgment: 273. 

19. SPIRITUALITY. 

Tf^ Prophet. — Intuition; faith; prescience; the "light 
irithm : " trust in Providence ; prophetic guidance ; percep- 
tion unci feeling of the spiritual ; interior perception of truth, 
*?hai rs best, what is about to transpire, etc. ; that which fore- 
r^es arrf warns. 

Auapted to man's prophetic gift, and a future life. Perver- 
ion — superstition; witchcraft; and with Cautiousness large, 
JdAl Of £[ hosts. 

Very I^arge. — Are led and governed by a species of prophetic 
gin-Hag , feel by iutuition what is right and best; are forewarned of 
•Jan j r, and led by spiritual monitions into the right way ; feel inter- 
nally what is true and false, right and wrong, best and not best ; un« 



118 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

less well regulated, are too credulous, superstitious, and a believer in 
dreams, ghosts, and wonders, and liable to be misled by them and so- 
called prophecies, as well as to become fanatical on religion: p. 143 
Large. — Perceive and know things independent of the senses or 
intellect, or, as it were, by prophetic intuition ; experience an internal 
consciousness of what is best, and that spiritual communion which 
constitutes the essence of true piety ; love to meditate ; experience a 
species of walking clairvoyance ; are as it were " forewarned ; " com- 
bined with large Veneration, hold intimate communion with the Deity, 
who is profoundly adored, and take a world of pleasure in that calm, 
happy, hall-ecstatic state of mind caused by this faculty ; with large 
Causality, perceive truth by intuition, which philosophical tests prove 
correct ; with large Comparison added, have a deep and clear insight 
into spiritual subjects, and embody a vast amount of the highest order 
of truth ; and clearly perceive and fully realize a spiritual state of 
being after death: p. 142. 

Full. — Have a full share of high, pure, spiritual feeling; many 
premonitions or interior warnings and guidings, which, implicitly 
followed, conduct to success and happiness through life ; and an inner 
test or touchstone of truth, right, etc., in a kind of interior conscious- 
ness, which is independent of reason, yet, unperverted, in harmony 
with it; are quite spiritual-minded, and, as it were, "led by the 
spirit : " p. 143. 

Average. — Have some spiritual premonitions and guidings, yet 
they are not always sufficiently distinct to be followed ; but when fol- 
lowed, they lead correctly ; see this " light within," and feel what is 
true and best with tolerable distinctness, and should cultivate this fac- 
ulty by following its light : p. 141. 

Moderate. — Have some, but not very distinct perception of spir- 
itual things ; rather lack faith ; believe mainly from evidence, and 
little from intuition ; with large Causality, say " Prove it," and take 
no man's say without good reasons: p. 144. 

Small. — Perceive spiritual truths so indistinctly as rarely to ad- 
mit them ; are not guided by faith, because so weak ; like disbelieving 
Thomas, must see the fullest proof before believing ; have very little 
credulity, and doubt things of a superhuman origin or nature ; have 
no premonitions and disbelieve in them, and lack faith : p. 145. 

Very Small. — Have no spiritual guidings or superstitions ; 
p. 146. 

To Cultivate. — Muse and meditate on divine things, the 



VENERATION. 



119 



Deity, a future existence, the state of man after death, immortality, 
and that class of subjects ; and especially, follow your innermost im- 
pressions or presentiments in everything, as well as open your mind 
to the intuitive perception of truth : 276. 

To Restrain. — Cultivate the terrestrial more and celestial less , 
abstain from and restrain spiritual musings and contemplations, and 
confine yourself more to the practical, tangible, and real ; keep away 
from fanatical meetings, and confine yourself more to life as it is — to 
what and where you are, instead of are to be, to earth, its duties and 
pleasures: 277. 

20. VENERATION. 

The Worshipper. — Devotion ; adoration of a Supreme 
Being; reverence for religion and things sacred; love of 
prayer, religious rites, worship, ordinances, observances, etc. 
Obedience ; conservatism. Adapted to the existence of a God, 
and the pleasures and benefits man experiences in His worship. 
Perverted, it produces idolatry, superstitious reverence for au- 
thority, bigotry, religious intolerance, etc. 



VERY LARGE. 

Very Large. — Ex- 20 

perience the highest de- 
gree of Divine love and 
worship; place God as 
supreme upon the throne 
of the soul, and make 
His worship a central 
duty; manifest extreme 
fervor, anxiety, and de- 
light in divine worship, 
and are preeminently 
fervent in prayer; feel 
obsequious reverence for 
age, time-honored forms, No 164 _ DlANA Waters, who went about Phil- 
eeremonies, and institu- adelphia praying and exhorting all she met to 
tions ; with moderate repent and pray to God. 

Self-esteem, and large Conscientiousness and Cautiousness, and a dis* 
ordered temperament, experience the utmost unworthiness and guilt- 




120 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 




No. 1G5. — A NjSGBO MURDERER, WHO IGNORED 

all Religion. 



iness in His sight, and are crushed by a sense of sin and vilenesk, 
very small. yet should never cherish 

20 these feelings ; are al- 

ways dreading the wrath 
of Heaven, no mattei 
whether the actions are 
right or wrong; and 
should cultivate relig- 
ious cheerfulness and 
hope of future happi- 
ness : p. 149. 

Large. — Experience 
an awe of God and of 
things sacred ; love to 
adore the Supreme Be- 
ing, especially in His 
works ; feel true devo- 
tion, fervent piety, and love of divine things ; take great delight in 
religious exercises ; have much respect for superiority ; regard God 
as the centre of hopes, fears, and aspirations ; with large Hope and 
Spirituality, worship Him as a Spirit, and hope to be with and like 
Him ; with large Ideality, contemplate His works with rapture and 
ecstasy ; with large Sublimity, adore Him as infinite in everything ; 
with large reasoning organs, have clear, and, if the faculties are 
evenly developed, unperverted, correct ideas of the Divine character 
and government, and delight to reason thereon ; with lar^e Parental 
Love, adore Him as a Friend and Father; and with large Benevolence, 
for His infinite goodness, etc. ; with large Causality added, as secur- 
ing the happiness of sentient beings by a wise institution of law, and 
as the great first Cause of all things ; with large and perverted Cau- 
tiousness, mingle fear and dread with worship ; with large Construc- 
tiveness and Causality, admire the system evinced in His architec- 
tural plans, contrivances, etc. : p. 148. 

Full. — Experience a good degree of religious worship whenever 
circumstances excite this faculty, but allow the stronger faculties fre- 
quently to divert it, yet pray at least internally ; with large or very 
large Conscience or Benevolence, place religion in doing right and 
doing good more than in religious observances, and esteem duties 
higher than ceremonies ; with strong propensities, may be devoirt upon 
the Sabbath, yet will be worldly through the week, and experience 



VENERATION. 121 

some conflict between the religious and worldly aspirations, etc. : 
p. 14 9. 

Average. — Will adore the Deity, yet often make religion sub- 
servient to the larger faculties ; with large Adhesiveness, Benevo- 
lence, and Conscience, may love religious meetings, to meet friends, 
and pray for the good of mankind, or because duty requires attend- 
ance ; yet are not habitually and innately devotional, except when 
this faculty is especially excited by circumstances : p. 147. 

Moderate. — Will not be particularly devout or worshipful; with 
large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, if religiously educated, may 
bt re ligious, yet will place religion more in works than faith^ in duty 
than prayer, and be more moral than pious ; in prayer will supplicate 
blessings upon mankind, and with Conscientiousness large, will confess 
sin more than express an awe of God; with large reflectives, worship 
no further than reason precedes worship ; with moderate Spirituality 
and Conscientiousness, care little for religion as such, but with large 
Benevolence, place religion mainly in doing good, etc. ; and are by no 
means conservative in religion, but take liberal views of religious sub- 
jects ; and are religious only when this faculty is considerably ex- 
cited : p. 150. 

Small. — Experience little devotion or respect, and are deficient 
in fervor ; care little for religious observances, and are not easily im- 
pressed with the worshipping sentiment : p. 150. 

Very Small. — Are almost destitute of the feeling and practice 
of this sentiment. 

To Cultivate. — Study and admire the divine in nature, animate 
and inanimate, heaven and earth, man and things, present and future ; 
cultivate admiration and adoration of the Divine character and gov- 
ernment, of this stupendous order of things, of the beauties and per- 
fections of nature, as well as a regard for religion and things sacred ; 
but contemplate the Divine mercy and goodness rather than austerity, 
and salvation than condemnation: 279. 

To Restrain is rarely, if ever, necessary, unless where religious 
excitement engenders religious fanaticism and hallucination. In such 
cases avoid religious meetings, conversations, etc., as much as possi- 
ble ; cultivate the other faculties, and especially those which relate to 
Jais world and its pleasures ; take those physical remedies, exercise, 
loathing, etc., which will withdraw blood from the head, and promote 
health ; and especially do not think of the Deity with feelings of fear 
or terror, but as a kind and loving heavenly Father, good to all Ilia 
creatures : 280. 



122 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES, 
21. BENEVOLENCE. 

SMALL. 




No. 166. — Mr. Gosse — gave away 
two Fortunes. 




No. 1G7. — Judas, Jr. 



The Good Samaritan. — Goodness ; philanthropy ; gener- 
osity ; sympathy ; kindness ; humanity ; desire to make others 
happy; a self-sacrificing disposition; the accommodating, 
neighborly spirit. 

Adapted to man's capability of making his fellow-men happy. 
Perversion — misplaced sympathy, and maudlin philanthropy. 

Very Large. — Are deeply and thoroughly imbued with a be- 
nevolent spirit, and do good spontaneously ; with large Adhesiveness 
and moderate Acquisitiveness, are too ready to help friends ; and with 
large Hope added, especially inclined to indorse for them ; with large 
Acquisitiveness, bestow time more freely than money, yet will also 
give the latter ; but with only average or full Acquisitiveness, freely 
bestow both substance and personal aid ; with large Veneration and 
only full Acquisitiveness, give freely to religious objects ; with large 
Combativeness and Destructiveness, are more severe in word than 
deed, and threaten more than execute ; with larger moral than animal 
organs, literally overflow with sympathy and practical goodness, and 
reluctantly cause others trouble ; with large reasoning organs, are 
truly philanthropic, and take broad views of reformatory measures ; 
with large Adhesiveness and Parental Love, are preeminently quali- 
fied for nursing ; with large Causality, give excellent advice, etc., and 
should not let sympathy overrule judgment : p. 157. 



BENEVOLENCE. 128 

Large. — Delight to do good ; make personal sacrifices to render 
others happy ; cannot witness pain or distress, and do what can well 
oe done to relieve them ; manifest a perpetual flow of disinterest* d 
goodness ; with large Adhesiveness, Ideality, and Approbativeness, 
and only average propensities and Self-esteem, are remarkable for 
practical goodness ; live more for others than self; with large domes- 
tic organs, make great sacrifices for family ; with large reflectives, are 
perpetually reasoning on the evils of society, the way to obviate them, 
and to render mankind happy ; with large Adhesiveness, are hospi- 
table ; with moderate Destructiveness, cannot witness pain or death, 
and revolt at capital punishment ; with moderate Acquisitiveness, 
give freely to the needy, and never exact dues from the poor ; with 
large Acquisitiveness, help others to help themselves rather than give 
money ; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-esteem, and 
Firmness, at times evince harshness, yet are generally kind : p. 155. 

Full. — Show a good degree of kind, neighborly, and humane 
feeling, except when the selfish faculties overrule it, yet are not re- 
markable for disinterestedness; with large Adhesiveness, manifest 
kindness toward friends ; with large Acquisitiveness, are benevolent 
when money can be made thereby ; with large Conscientiousness, are 
more just than kind, and with large Combativeness and Destructive- 
ness, are exacting and severe toward offenders : p. 158. 

Average. — Manifest kindness only in conjunction with Adhe- 
siveness and other large organs ; and with only full Adhesiveness, if 
kind, are so for selfish purposes ; with large Acquisitiveness, give 
little or nothing, yet may sometimes do favors ; with lar2:e Venera- 
tion, are more devout than humane ; and with only full reasoning 
organs, are neither philanthropic or reformatory: p. 153. 

Moderate. — A low the selfish faculties to infringe upon the hap- 
piness of others ; with large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self- 
esteem, and Firmness, are comparatively hardened to suffering ; and 
with Acquisitiveness and Secretiveness added, evince almost unmiti- 
gated selfishness. 

Small. — Care little for the happiness of man or brute, and do 
still less to promote it ; make no disinterested self-sacrifices ; are cal- 
ous to human woe ; do few acts of kindness, and those grudgingly, 
and have unbounded selfishness : p. 159. 

Very Small. — Feel little and evince none of this sentiment, but 
ire selfish in proportion as the other faculties prompt : p. 159. 

To Cultivate. — Be more generous and less selfish ; and more 



124 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

kind to all, the sick included ; interest yourself in their wants and 
woes, as well as their relief; and cultivate general philanthropy and 
practical goodness in sentiment and conduct ; indulge benevolence in 
all the little affairs of life, in every look and action, and season your 
whole conduct and character with this sentiment : 282. 

To Restrain. — Lend and indorse only where you are willing 
and can afford to lose ; give and do less freely than you naturally in- 
cline to ; bind yourself solemnly not to indorse beyond a given sum ; 
harden yourself against the woes and sufferings of mankind ; avoid 
waiting much on the sick, lest you make yourself sick thereby, for 
your Benevolence is in danger of exceeding your strength; be selfish 
first and generous afterward, and put Benevolence under bonds to 
judgment : 283. 

The Self-perfecting Group. 

Love and talent for the fine arts ; improvement, self-perfection, 
and obtaining and acquiring whatever is beautiful and perfect. 

This group elevates and chastens the animal faculties ; pre- 
vents the propensities, even when strong, from taking on the 
grosser sensual forms of action, and hence is rarely found in 
criminals ; elevates even the moral sentiments, and constitutes 
a stepping-stone from the animal to the moral, and a connect- 
ing link between the moral and the intellectual in man. 

Very Large. — Perfectly abhor the coarse, low, sensual, carnal, 
and animal action of the propensities, and follow after the beautiful 
and perfect in nature and art ; with strong propensities, manifest 
them in a proper manner ; with a large moral lobe, adopt imposing 
and eloquent forms of religion, as the Episcopalian, etc. 

Large. — Aspire after a higher and more perfect state or style of 
feeling and character and conduct ; revolt at the imperfect and sensual 
in all their forms ; and are like Very Large, only less so. 

Full. — Like style, but can live without it; are like Large in qual- 
ity, only less in degree. 

Average. — Have only commonplace aspirations after a high life, 
love of the fine arts, etc. 

Moderate. — Are comparatively indifferent to the beauties of na- 
ture and art, fail both to appreciate and adopt them, and prefer com- 
mon ho» ses, clothes, furniture, and style of living to the artistical and 



C0NSTRUCT1VENESS. 125 

stylish, and feel out of place when surrounded by the elegances of life 
with large Veneration, have a rude religion, etc. 

Small. — Are rude, uncultivated, contented with few and plain 
articles of dress, furniture, property, etc., and prefer the rudeness of 
savage to the elegances of civilized life. 

Very Small. — Are almost destitute of these perfecting aspira- 
tions and sentiments. 

To Cultivate. — Associate with persons of wit, ingenuity, and 
refinement ; visit galleries of art and mechanism, scenes of beauty and 
perfection, and read poetry and other works of the most polished and 
refined writers. 

To Restrain. — Give more attention to the common affairs of life, 
and refrain from fostering aesthetic subjects ; read history, science, 
and metaphysics, rather than poetry, romance, etc. 



22. CONSTRUCTlYEXESS. 

The Mechanic. — Manual skill ; ingenuity ; the making in- 
stinct; the tool-using talent; sleight of hand in constructing 
things ; invention ; love of machinery. 

Adapted to man's need of things made, such as house's, 
clothes, and manufactured articles* of all kinds. Perverted, it 
wastes time and money on perpetual motion, and other like 
futile contrivances. 

Very Large. — Show extraordinary mechanical ingenuity, and a 
perfect passion for making everything; with large Imitation, Form, 
Size, and Locality, have first-rate talents as an artist, and for draw- 
ing, engraving, etc. ; and with Color added, are excellent limners ; 
with Ideality, add manual skill; with large Causality and percep- 
tives, add invention to execution, etc. : p. 162. 

Large. — Love to make, are able and disposed to tinker, mend, 
*nd fix up, build, manufacture, employ machinery, etc. ; show me- 
chanical skill and dexterity in whatever is done with the hands ; 
with large Causality and perceptives, are inventive; and with large 
Imitation added, can make after a pattern, and both copy the im- 
provements of others, and supply defects by original inventions, as 
well as improve on the mechanical contrivances of others ; make 
beal save hands of self and others; are a natural boss, and direct 



126 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

VERY LARGE. SMALL. 





No. 1G8. — Jacob Jordan. 



No. 169. — Lord Liverpool. 



work and working men to excellent advantage ; with the mental tern* 
perament, and large intellectual organs and Ideality, employ ingenuity 
in constructing sentences and arranging words, and forming essays, 
sentiments, books, etc. : p. 1GI. 

Full. — Can, when occasion requires, employ tools and use the 
hands in making, tinkering, and fixing up, and turn off work with 
skill, yet have no great natural passion or ability therein ; with prac- 
tice, can be a good workman ; without it, would not excel : p. 163. 

Average. — Like full, only less gifted in this respect : p. 1G0. 

Moderate. — Are rather awkward in the use of tools, and ir 
manual operations of every kind ; with large Causality and percep- 
tives, show more talent to invent than execute, yet little in either ; 
with the mental temperament, evince some mental construction, yet 
not much manual ingenuity : p. 103. 

Small. — Are deficient in the tool-using capability; awkward in 
making and fixing up things ; poor in understanding and managing 
machinery ; take hold of work awkwardly and wrong end first ; wriU) 
poorly, and lack both kinds of construction : p. 163. 

Very Small. — Can make nothing, and are most awkward. 

To Cultivate. — Try your hand in using tools, and turning off 
work of any and every kind ; if in any writing business, try to write 
well and cut flourishes ; if a mechanic, do with skill and dexterity 
what you undertake, etc. ; observe and study machinery and inven- 
tions, and call out this faculty in its various phases by work : 285. 



IDEALITY. 



127 



To Res i rain. — Give yourself more to the exercise of your othet 
faculties, and less to mechanical inventions and executions ; espe- 
cially attempt no chimerical inventions, perpetual motion, and the 
like ; and spend so more time or money on them than you can spare 
without inconvenience : 286. 



VERY LARGE. 



23. IDEALITY. 




NO. 170.—CLTTIE. 



The Poet. — Taste ; refinement : 
imagination ; perception and admi- 
ration of the beautiful and perfect ; 
purity of feeling ; sense of propri- 
ety ; polish ; love of perfection, pu- 
rity, poetry, flowers, beauty, ele- 
gance, gentility, the fine arts, etc. ; | 
personal neatness ; finish. 

Adapted to the beautiful in nature ] 
and art. Perverted, it gives fastidi- 
ousness and extra niceness. 

Very Large. — Have the highest 
order of taste and refinement ; love the 
exquisite and perfect beyond expression, and are correspondingly dis- 
satisfied with the imperfect, especially in themselves ; admire beauty 
in bird and insect, flower and fruit, animal and man, the physical and 
mental ; are perfectly enraptured with the impassioned, oratorical, 
and poetical in speech and action, in nature and art, and live much in 
an ideal world ; have a most glowing and vivid imagination, and give 
a delicate finish to every act and word, thought and feeling, and find 
few things to come up to their exalted standard of taste ; with only 
average Causality, have more taste than solidity of mind and charac- 
ter, and more exquisiteness than sense ; but with large reflectives, 
add the highest artistical style of expression to the highest concep- 
tions of reason, and with organic quality 6 or 7, are always and invol- 
untarily eloquent. 

Large. — Appreciate and enjoy beauty and perfection wherever 
found, especially in nature ; give grace, purity, and propriety to ex- 
pression and conduct, gracefulness and polish to manners, and gen- 
eral good taste to all said and done ; are pure-minded ; enjoy the 



128 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

ideal of poetry and romance ; desire to perfect character, and obviate 
blemishes, and with Conscientiousness large, moral imperfections ; 
with large social organs, evince a nice sense of propriety in friendly 
intercourse ; eat in a becoming and genteel manner ; with large 
moral organs, appreciate perfection of character, or moral beauties 
and excellences most; with large reflectives, add a high order of 
sense and strength of mind to beauty and perfection of character ; 
with large perceptives, are gifted with a talent for the study of nature, 
etc.: p. 166. 

Full. — Evince a good share of taste and refinement, yet not a 
high order of them, except in those things in which it has been vigor- 
ously cultivated ; with large Language, Eventuality, and Comparison, 
may compose with elegance, and speak with some eloquence, yet will 
have more force of thought than beauty of diction ; with large Con- 
structiveness, will use tools with fair taste, yet more skill ; with large 
Combativeness and Destructiveness, show general refinement, except 
when provoked, but are then grating and harsh ; with large moral 
organs, evince more moral beauty and harmony than personal neat- 
ness ; with large intellectual organs, possess more beauty of mind 
than regard for looks and outside appearances, and prefer the sensi- 
ble to the elegant and nice, etc. : p. 168. 

Average. — Prefer the plain and substantial to the ornamental, 
and are utilitarian ; with large intellectual organs, prefer sound, solid 
matter to the ornaments of style, and appreciate logic more than elo- 
quence ; with Benevolence and Adhesiveness large, are hospitable, 
and evince true cordiality, yet care nothing for ceremony ; with Ap- 
probativeness large, may try to be polite, but make an awkward 
attempt, and are rather deficient in taste and elegance ; with Con- 
struct vene.?s large, make things that are solid and serviceable, but do 
not polish them off; with Language large, talk directly to the pur- 
pose, without paying much attention to expression, etc. : p. 160. 

Moderate. — Rather lack taste in manners and expression ; have 
but little of the sentimental or finished ; should cultivate harmony 
and perfection of character, and endeavor to polish up ; with strong 
propensities, evince them in rather a coarse and gross manner, ai)d 
are more liable to their perverted action than when this organ is large, 
and are homespun in everything : p. 163. 

Small. — Show a marked deficiency in whatever appertains to 
taste and style, also to beauty and sentiment : p. 163. 

Very Small. — Are almost deficient in taste, and evince none 



SUBLIMITY. 129 

To Cultivate. — First avoid all disgusting habits, like swearing 
chewing, drinking, low conversation, vulgar expressions, and associ- 
ates, etc. : dress and appear in good taste, and cultivate personal 
neatness, good behavior, refinement and style in manners, purity in 
feeling, the poetical and sentimental, and elegant and classical style 
of conversation, expression, and writing, and love of the fine arts and 
beautiful forms; of the beauties of nature, of sunrise, sunset, moun- 
tain, lawn, river, scenery, beautiful birds, fruits, flowers, mechanical 
fabrics, and productions, — in short, the beautiful and perfect in na- 
ture, in general, and yourself in particular : 288. 

To Restrain. — Remember that in you the ideal and imaginative 
exceed the practical ; that your building airy castles out of bubbles 
prevents your building substantial structures, and attaining useful life 
ends ; that you are too symbolical, fastidious, and ornamental, too 
much tormented by spots and wrinkles, too apt to discard things that 
are almost perfect, because not quite so, and hold in check the revel- 
ings of Ideality, and learn to prize what is right, instead of discarding 
the greater good because of minor faults. Especially do not refuse 
to associate with others because they are not in all particulars just to 
your fastidious tastes : 289. 

24. SUBLIMITY. 

Infinitude. — Perception and love of the grand, infinite, 
vast, illimitable, omnipotent, eternal, and endless. 

Adapted to that infinitude which characterizes every depart- 
ment of nature. Perverted, it leads to bombast, and a wrong 
application of extravagant words and ideas. 

Very Large. — Have a literal passion for wild mountain scenery, 
and the towering, romantic, boundless, endless, infinite, eternal, and 
stupendous, and are like Large, only more so. 

Large. — Appreciate and admire the grand, sublime, vast, and 
magnificent in nature and art, and enjoy exceedingly mountain scen- 
ery, thunder, lightning, tempests, vast prospects, and all that is aw- 
ful and magnificent ; also the foaming, dashing cataract, a storm at sea, 
the lightning's vivid flash, and its accompanying thunder ; the com- 
motion of the elements, and the star-spangled canopy of heaven, and 
all manifestations of omnipotence and infinitude ; with large Venera- 
tion, am particularly delighted by the infinite as appertaining to the 
9 



130 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Deity, and His attributes and works ; and with large Time added, 
have unspeakably grand conceptions of infinitude as applicable to 
eternity, past and future ; with large intellectual organs, take a com- 
prehensive view of subjects, and give illimitable scope to all mental 
investigations and conceptions, so that they can be carried out to any 
extent ; and with Ideality large, add the beautiful and perfect to the 
sublime and infinite. 

Full. — Enjoy grandeur, sublimity, and infinitude quite well, and 
impart considerable of this element to thoughts, emotions, and expres- 
sions, and evince the same qualities as Large, only in a less degree. 

Average. — Possess considerable of this element, when it is pow- 
erfully excited, yet, under ordinary circumstances, manifest only an 
ordinary share of it. 

Moderate. — Are rather deficient in conception and appreciation 
of the illimitable and infinite ; and with Veneration moderate, fail to 
appreciate this element in nature and her Author. 

Small. — Show a marked deficiency in this respect, and should 
earnestly cultivate it. 

Very Small. — Are almost destitute of sublime emotions. 

To Cultivate. — Mount the lofty summit and contemplate the 
outstretched landscape ; admire the grand and stupendous in tower- 
ing mountain, rolling cloud, rushing wind and storm, loud thunder, 
majestic river, raging sea, roaring cataract, burning volcano, and the 
boundless, infinite, and eternal in nature and her Author : 291. 

To Restrain — which is rarely ever necessary — refrain from the 
contemplation of the sublime : 292. 

25. IMITATION. 

The Mimic. — Conformity ; ability and desire to copy, take 
pattern, imitate, do and become like, mock, etc. 

Adapted to man's requisition for doing, talking, acting, etc., 
like others. Perverted, it copies even faults. 

Very Large. — Can mimic, act out, and pattern after almost any- 
thing ; with large Mirthfulness, relate anecdotes to the very life ; 
have a theatrical taste and talent; gesticulate almost constantly 
while speaking; and with large Language, impart an uncommon 
amount of expression to countenance, and everything said ; with large 
Individuality, Eventuality, Language, Comparison, and Ideality, can 



IMITATION. 



131 



-nake a splendid speaker ; and with large Mirthfulness, and full Se- 
cretiveness added, can keep others in a roar of laughter, yet remain 
serious ; with an uneven head, are droll and humorous in the ex- 
treme ; with large Approbativeness, delight in being the sport-makei 



VERY LARGE 

25 21 25 





No. 171. — Clara Fisher. 



No. 172. — Jacob Jervis. 



at parties, etc., and excel therein ; with large Constructiveness, Form, 
Size, Locality, and Comparison, full Color, and a good temperament, 
and a full-sized brain, can make a very superior artist of almost any 
kind; but with Color small, can engrave, draw, carve, model, etc., 
better than paint : p. 171. 

Large. — Have a great propensity and ability to copy and take 
pattern from others, and do what is seen done ; describe and act out 
well ; with large Language, gesticulate much ; with large perceptives, 
require to be shown but once ; with large Constructiveness, easily 
learn to use tools, and to make things as others make them ; and 
with small Continuity added, are a jack-at-all- trades, but thorough in 
none ; begin many things, but fail to finish ; with large Causality, 
perceptives, and an active temperament added, may make inven- 
tions, or improvements, but never dwell on one till it is complete, or 
are always adding to them ; with large Approbativeness, copy after 
renowned men ; with large Adhesiveness, take pattern from friends ; 
with large Language, imitate the style and mode of expression of 
others ; with large Mirthfulness and full Secretiveness, create laugh- 
er by taking off the oddities of people ; with large Form, Size, and 



1J2 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Constructiveness, copy shape and proportions ; with large Color, imi 
tate colors, and thus of all the other faculties : p. 1 70. 

Full. — Copy quite well, yet not remarkably so; with large Caus- 
ality, had rather invent a new way of doing things than copy the ordi- 
nary mode, and evince considerable imitating talent when this faculty 
works with large organs, yet but little otherwise: p. 171. 

Average. — Can copy tolerably well when this faculty is strongly 
excited, yet are not a natural mimic, nor a copyist; with only full 
Constructiveness, evince little manual dexterity ; yet with large Caus- 
ality, can originate quite well, and show no great disposition or abil- 
ity to copy either the excellences or deficiencies of others, but prefer 
to be original : p. 169. 

Moderate. — Have little inclination to do what and as others do ; 
but with large Causality, prefer to strike out a new course, and invent 
an original plan ; with large Self-esteem added, have an excellent 
conceit of that plan ; but if Causality is only fair, are full of original 
devices, yet they do not amount to much : p. 171. 

Small. — Copy even commonplace matter with extreme difficulty 
and reluctance, and generally do everything in their own way : p. 172. 

Very Small. — Possess scarcely any, and manifest no disposition 
or ability to copy anything, not even enough to learn to talk well : 
p. 173. 

To Cultivate. — Practice copying from others in manners, ex- 
pressions, sentiments, ideas, opinions, everything, and try your hand 
at drawing, and in every species of copying and imitation as well as 
conforming to those around you ; that is, try to become what they are, 
and do what and as they do : 294. 

To Restrain. — Maintain more your OAvn personality in thought, 
doctrine, character, everything, and be less a parrot and echo, and 
cultivate the original and inventive in everything : 295. 

26. MIRTHFULNESS. 

The Laugher. — Wit ; facetiousness ; ridicule ; love of 
fun ; disposition and ability to joke, and laugh at what is ill- 
timed, improper, or unbecoming ; laughter ; intuitive percep- 
tion of the ridiculous ; pleasantness ; facetiousness 

Adapted to the absurd, inconsistent, and laughable. Per- 
verted, it makes fun on solemn occasions, and where there is 
uothing ridiculous at which to laugh. 



MIRTHFDLNESS. 



133 



Very Large. — Show an extraordinary disposition and capacity 
to make fun ; are always laughing and making others laugh ; with 
large Language, Comparison, Imitation, perceptives, and Adhesive- 
ness, and moderate Self-esteem and Secretiveness, are " the fiddle of 
the company ; " with only average Ideality added, are clownish, and 
often say undignified, and perhaps low things, to raise a laugh ; and 
with only moderate Causality, things that lack sense, etc. : p. 175. 

Large. — Enjoy a hearty laugh at the absurdities of others ex- 
ceedingly, and delight to make fun out of everything not exactly 
proper or in good taste, and are always ready to give as good a joke 
as get ; with large Amativeness, love to joke with and about the other 




SMALL. 




No. 173. — Laurence Sterne. 



Xo. 174. — Indian Chief. 



sex ; and with large Imitation and Language added, to talk with and 
tell stories to and about them ; with large Combativeness and Ideality 
added, make fun of their imperfections in dress, expression, manners, 
etc., and hit them off to admiration ; with large Adhesiveness, Lan- 
guage, and Imitation, are excellent company ; with large Causality, 
Comparison, and Combativeness, argue mainly by ridicule or by show- 
ing up the absurdity of the opposite side, and excel more in exposing 
:he fallacy of other systems than in propounding new ones ; with large 
Ideality show taste and propriety in witticisms, but with this faculty 
average or less, are often gross, and with large Amativeness added, 
vulgar in jokes ; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, love 
to tease, and are sarcastic, and make many enemies ; and with large 



134 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Comparison added, compare those disliked to something mean, dis« 
gusting, and ridiculous : p. 173. 

Full. — Possess and evince considerable of the fun-making dispo- 
sition, especially in the direction of the larger organs ; with large or 
very large Comparison, Imitation, and Approbativeness, and moder- 
ate Self-esteem, manifest more of the laughable and witty than is 
really possessed ; may make much fun and be called witty, yet it will 
be owing more to what may be called drollery than pure wit ; with 
moderate Secretiveness and Self-esteem, and an excitable tempera- 
ment, let riy witty conceptions on the spur of the moment, and thus 
increase their laughableness by their being well-timed, unexpected, 
sudden, etc. : p. 1 75. 

Average. — Are generally serious and sedate, except when this 
faculty is excited, yet then often laugh heartily, and evince consider- 
able wit; with large Individuality and Language, often say many 
laughable things, yet owe wit more to argument or the criticism they 
embody than to this faculty : p 172. 

Moderate. — Are generally serious, sedate, and sober, and with 
large Self-esteem, stern and dignified, nor companionable except when 
Adhesiveness is large, and in company with intimate friends; with 
only average Ideality and Imitation, are very poor in joking, have to 
explain their witticisms, and thereby spoil them ; have some witty 
ideas, yet lack in perceiving and expressing them ; and with large 
Approbativeness and Combativeness, are liable to become angry when 
joked, and should cultivate this faculty by making more fun : p. 176. 

Small. — Make little fun; are slow to perceive, and still slower 
to turn jokes ; seldom laugh, and think it foolish or wrong to do so 
with only average Adhesiveness, are uncompanionable ; with large re- 
flectives and Language, may write well yet debate poorly : p. 177. 

Very Small. — Have few, if any, witty ideas and conceptions. 

To Cultivate. — Rid yourself of the idea that it is sinful or un- 
dignified to laugh ; try to perceive the witty and facetious aspects 
of subjects and things; cultivate the acquaintance of mirthful people, 
and read witty books, and try to imbibe their spirit : 297. 

To Restrain. — Cease hunting for something to laugh at and 
make fun of; observe in the conduct and appearance of others all 
that is congruous, correct, and proper, and not that merely which is 
droll or ridiculous ; avoid turning everything into ridicule, punning, 
playing upon words, double entendre, etc. : 298. 



INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 135 

Intellectual Faculties. 

Knowing, remembering, and reasoning powers ; intellectual 
capability. 

Adapted to the physical and metaphysical. Perverted, they 
apply their respective powers to accomplish wrong ends. 

Very Large. — Have natural greatness of intellect and judg- 
ment, and a high order of talents and sound sense, with originality, 
capaciousness, and comprehensiveness of mind which can hardly fail 
to make their mark. 

Large. — Possess sufficient natural talent and intellectual capa- 
bility to take a high stand among men ; and have strength of mind, 
superior judgment, and power both of acquiring knowledge easily and 
reasoning profoundly. Their direction depends upon the other facul- 
ties ; with large animal organs and weak morals, they make philo- 
sophical sensualists ; with large moral and weaker animal organs, 
moral and religious philosophers, etc. 

Full. — Have good intellectual capabilities, and much strength of 
mind, provided it is well cultivated ; with large Acquisitiveness, a 
talent to acquire property ; with large moral organs, to enlighten and 
improve the moral character ; with large Constructiveness, mechan- 
ical intelligence, etc. 

Average. — Evince fair mental powers, provided they are culti- 
vated, otherwise only moderate; with an excitable temperament, 
allow the feelings and stronger faculties to control judgment ; with 
large moral organs, have more piety than talents, and allow religious 
prejudices and preconceived doctrines to prevent impartial intellect- 
ual examination ; with moderate Acquisitiveness, will never acquire 
property ; with average Constructiveness, will be a poor mechanic, etc. 

Moderate. — Are rather deficient in sense and judgment, yet not 
palpably so ; can be easily imposed upon ; lack memory, and are 
rather wanting in judgment, comprehension, and intellectual capacity. 

Small. — Are decidedly deficient in mind ; slow and dull of com- 
prehension ; lack sense, and have poor powers of memory and reason. 

Yery Small. — Are naturally idiotic. 

These faculties are divided into three classes — the Perceptive, the 
Literary, and the Reflective — which, when large, confer these three 
kinds of talent, practicality, scholarship, and originality. 

To Cultivate. — Exercise the whole mind in diversified studies 
and intellectual exercises. See specific directions in "Fowler on 



136 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

Memory." And probably nothing is as well calculated to discipline 
and improve intellect as the study and practice of Phrenology. 

To Restrain. — Divert the flow of blood from the brain to the 
body by vigorous exercise, an occasional hot bath, frequent ablutions, 
and a general abstinence from intellectual exercises, especially read- 
ing and writing. 

The Perceptive Faculties. 

These bring man into direct intercourse with the physical 
world ; take cognizance of the physical qualities of material 
things ; give correct judgment of the material properties of 
things, and a practical cast of mind. 

Very Large. — Are preeminent in these respects ; know by in- 
tuition the conditions, fitness, value, etc., of things ; have extraordi- 
nary power of observation, and ability to acquire knowledge, and a 
natural tas* . : for examining, collecting statistics, studying the natural 
sciences, et« .. For combinations, see Large. 

Large. — Judge correctly of the various qualities and relations of 
material things ; with Acquisitiveness large, form correct ideas of the 
value of property, goods, etc., and what kinds are likely to rise in 
value, and make good bargains ; with large Constructiveness, can 
conduct mechanical operations, and have very good talents for build- 
ing machinery, superintending workmen, etc. ; with the mental tem- 
perament, and large reflectives added, are endowed by nature with 
a truly scientific cast of mind, and a talent for studying the natural 
sciences, and are useful in almost every department and situation in 
life ; with an active temperament and favorable opportunities, know 
a good deal about matters and things in general ; are quick of obser- 
vation, and perception, and matter-of-fact, common-sense tact, and 
will show off to excellent advantage ; appear to know all ; have supe- 
rior talents for acquiring and retaining knowledge with facility, and 
attending to the details of business, becoming an excellent scholar, 
etc. ; and have a strong thirst after knowledge. 

Full. — Have fair perceptive powers, and a good share of practi- 
cal sense ; learn and remember most things quite well ; love reading 
and knowledge, and with study can become a good scholar, yet not 
without it ; with large Acquisitiveness, judge of the value of things 
with sufficient correctness to make good bargains, but with moderate 
Acquisitiveness lack such judgment; with large Constructiveness 



INDIVIDUALITY. 1ST 

•ided by experience, have a good mechanical mind, but without ex- 
perience, or with only moderate Constructiveness, are deficient. 

Average. — Are endowed with only fair perceptive and knowing 
powers, but, well cultivated, know considerable about matters and 
things, and learn with tolerable ease ; yet without cultivation are de- 
ficient in practicability of talent, and capability of gathering and 
retaining knowledge. For combinations, see Full. 

Moderate. — Are rather slow and dull of observation and percep- 
tion,., require some time to understand things, and even then lack spe- 
cific knowledge of detail ; are rather deficient in matter-of-fact knowl- 
edge, and show off to poor advantage ; learn slowly, and fail in off- 
hand judgment and action ; with only average Acquisitiveness, are 
deficient in judging of the value of things, and easily cheated; and 
with moderate Language, are rather wanting in practical talent, and 
cannot show advantageously what is possessed. 

Small. — Are very deficient in recollecting and judging ; lack 
practical sense, and should cultivate the knowing and remembering 
faculties. 

Very Small. — See few things, and know almost nothing about 
the external world, its qualities, and relations. 

To Cultivate. — Exercise each separately, and all together, in 
examining closely all the material properties of physical bodies; 
study the natural sciences, especially Phrenology ; examine the nat- 
ural qualities of all natural objects : 403. 

27. INDIVIDUALITY. 

Tea Observer. — Cognizance of individual objects ; desire 
to see and examine ; minuteness ; scrutiny ; looking. 

Adapted to individual existence, or the thingness of things. 
It is the door through which most forms of knowledge enter the 
mind. Perverted, it stares and gazes impudently. 

Very Large. — Have an insatiable desire to see and know all 
about everything, together with extraordinary powers of observation ; 
cannot rest satisfied till all is known ; individualize everything, and 
ire very minute and particular in observing all things ; with large 
Ideality, employ many allegorical and like figures ; with large Hu- 
man Nature and Comparison, observe every little thing which people 
say and do, and read character correctly from what smaller Individ u 
ality would not notice : p. 185. 



138 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

LARGE. SMALL. 





No. 175. — Ephraim Byram. No. 176. — Deacon Seth Terry 

Large. — Have a great desire to see, know, examine, experience, 
etc. ; are a great and practical observer of men and things ; see what- 
ever is transpiring around, what should be done, etc. ; are quick of 
perception, knowing, and with large Acquisitiveness, sharp to perceive 
whatever appertains to property ; with large Parental Love, whatever 
concerns children ; with large Alimentiveness, whatever belongs to 
the flavor or qualities of food, and know what things are good by 
looking at them ; with large Approbativeness or Self-esteem, see 
quickly whatever appertains to individual character, and whether it 
is favorable or unfavorable ; with large Conscientiousness, perceive 
readily the moral, or right and wrong of things ; with large Venera- 
tion, " See God in clouds, and hear him in the winds ; " with large 
Ideality, are quick to perceive beauty, perfection, and deformity ; with 
large Form, notice the countenances and looks of all met ; with small 
Color, fail to observe tints, hues, and shades ; with large Order and 
moderate Ideality, perceive disarrangement at once, yet fail to notice 
the want of taste or niceness. These and kindred combinations show 
why some persons are very quick to notice some things, but slow to 
observe others : p. 184. 

Full. — Have good observing powers, and much desire to see and 
know things, yet are not remarkable in these respects ; with large . 
Acquisitiveness, but moderate Ideality, are quick to notice whatever 
appertains to property, yet fail to observe instances of beauty and de- 
formity; but with large Ideality and moderate Acquisitiveness! 



FORM. 139 

quickly see beauty and deformity, yet do not quickly observe the 
qualities of things or value of property ; with large Parental Love 
and Ideality, see at once indices of beauty and perfection in children ; 
but if Ideality and Language are moderate, fail to perceive beauty of 
expression or sentiment, etc. : p. 185. 

Average. — Observe only the more conspicuous objects, and more 
in general than detail, and what especially interests : p. 183. 

Moderate. — Are rather deficient in observing disposition and 
capability, and should cultivate this faculty; with large Locality, 
may observe places sufficiently to find them again ; with large Order, 
observe when things are out of place ; with large Causality, see that 
it may find materials for reasoning, etc. : p. 185. 

Small. — Observe only what is thrust upon the attention, ana 
are quite deficient in this respect : p. 186. 

To Cultivate. — Notice whatever comes within the range of 
your vision ; observe attentively all the little things done and said by 
everybody, all their minor manifestations of character — in short, 
keep a sharp lookout : 422. 

To Restrain. — Look and stare less, and think more. 

28. FORM. 

The Draftsman. — Configuration ; cognizance and mem- 
ory of forms, shapes, faces, countenances, and looks ; percep- 
tion of family likenesses, resemblances, etc. 

Adapted to shape. Perverted, sees imaginary shapes of 
persons, things, etc., as in delirium tremens. 

Very Large. — Possess this capability to an extraordinary de- 
gree ; recognize persons not seen for many years ; with large Ideality, 
delight in beautiful forms ; with large Spirituality, see the spirits of 
the departed; with disordered nerves, see horrid images, etc. : p. 188. 

Large. — Notice, and for a long time remember, the faces, counte- 
nances, forms, looks, etc., of persons, beasts, and things once seen; 
know by sight many whose name is not remembered ; with Individu- 
ality large, both observe and recollect persons and things, but with 
Individuality moderate, fail to notice, and hence to remember them, 
unless business or something special draws attention to them ; with 
#rge Parental Love, notice and Tecollect children, favorite animals, 
etc. ; with large Acquisitiveness, Individuality, and Locality, readily 
detect counterfeits, etc. : p. 187. 



140 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

VERY LARGE. VERY LARGE. 

,31 




No. 177. — Rubens. 

FORM, SIZE, AND COLOR. 



No. 178. 

FORM, SIZE, AND COLOR. 



Full. — Have a good recollection of the countenances of persons 
and shapes of things, yet not remarkably good unless this faculty haa 
been quickened by practice, or invigorated by some strong incentive 
to action ; with large Ideality, will recollect beautiful shapes ; with 
large Locality and Sublimity, beautiful and magnificent scenery, etc. ; 
and should impress the recollection of shape upon the mind: p. 188. 

Average. — Have only a fair natural recollection of shapes, coun- 
tenances, etc. ; yet with practice may do tolerably well, but without 
it will be only fair in these respects, and should cultivate it : p. 186. 

Moderate. — Are rather deficient in recognizing persons and 
things seen ; fail to recognize by their looks those who are related to 
each other by blood, and should cultivate this faculty by trying to re- 
member persons and things : p. 189. 

Small. — Have a poor recollection of persons, looks, etc.; often 
meet persons the next day after an introduction, or an evening inter- 
view, without knowing them ; with Eventuality large, may remember 
their history, but not their faces ; with Locality large, where they were 
seen, but not their looks, etc. : p. 189. 

Very Small. — Manifest scarcely any of this faculty: p. 189. 

To Cultivate. — Scan the shape of everything you would re- 
member ; study botany, conchology, Phrenology, and especially those 
studies which involve configuration ; when talking to persons, scan 
eyes nose, mouth, chin, forehead, looks, expression of countenance. 



SIZE. 141 

especially of eye, as if you were determined ever afterward to remem- 
ber them ; looking at them critically, as a police detective looks at a 
rogue, as if saying to himself, ; ' I'll know you, next time r " 437. 



29. SIZE. 

The Architect. — Measurement by eye; cognizance and 
memory of magnitude, quantity, bulk, distance, proportion, 
weight by size, etc. 

Adapted to the absolute and relative magnitude of things. 
Perverted, it is pained by disproportion and architectural in- 
accuracies. 

'Very Large. — Are endowed with an extraordinarily accurate 
architectural eye ; detect at one glance any departure from perfecl 
accuracy and proportion ; often perceive errors in the work of good 
workmen ; can tell how high, wide, long, far, much, heavy, etc., with 
perfect accuracy; judge correctly, as if by intuition, the texture, fine- 
ness, coarseness, qualities, etc., of goods ; excel in judging of prop- 
erty where bulk and value are to be estimated by eye ; with Construc- 
tiveness, can fit nice machinery, and in many things dispense with 
measuring instruments because accurate enough without, and do besl 
on work requiring the utmost perfect accuracy: p. 191. 

Large. — Have an excellent eye for measuring angles, proportions 
disproportions, and departures therefrom, and with large Construe- 
tiveness, a good mechanical eye, and judge correctly of quantity it 
general ; love harmony of proportion, and are pained by dispropor 
tion ; necessary to artisans, mechanics, etc. : p. 190. 

Full. — Possess a good share of this eye-measuring power, yet 
are not remarkable; with practice, do well; without it. only fairly, 
and in this respect succeed well in their accustomed business : p. 191. 

Average. — Have a fair eye forjudging of bulk, distances, weight 
by ?ize, etc., and with practice do tolerably well in it : p. 190. 

Moderate. — Measure by eye rather inaccurately, and have 
poor judgment of bulk, quantity, distance, etc.: p. 191. 

Small. — Are obliged always to rely on actual measurements, be- 
cause the eve is too imperfect to be trusted : p. 191. 

Very Small. — Are almost destitute of this faculty : p. 192. 

To Cultivate. — Pass judgment on whatever involves Iioav much, 
*iow heavy, how far, the centre, the amount, architectural accuracy, 



142 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

guessing the weight, the quantity of groceries, of everything by eye , 
judging how much grain to the acre, and everything involving the 
exercise of this faculty : p. 441. 

To Restrain. — Do not allow architectural inaccuracies or any 
disproportion to disturb you as much as it naturally does — that is, 
put up with things not regulated by size and proportion. 



30. WEIGHT. 

The Climber. — Balancing capacity ; marksmanship ; intu- 
itive perception and application of the laws of gravity, motion, 
etc. ; ability to balance in walking, riding, climbing aloft, etc. 

Perverted, it runs imminent risk of falling by venturing too 
far. See illustration of Weight Large in Brunell, cut No. 184. 

Very Large. — Have control over the muscular system, hence 
can climb or walk anywhere with safety ; cannot be thrown by frac- 
tious horses ; are sure-footed ; never slip or fall ; are a dead shot, 
even "on the wing;" have an intuitive gift for skating, swimming, 
balancing, circus-acting, hurling, riding velocipedes, everything requir- 
ing muscular control ; are an excellent judge of perpendiculars and 
levels ; can plumb anything by the eye ; as a sculptor or other artist, 
always make the picture or statue in an easy, natural, and well-bal- 
anced attitude, and are annoyed if the mirror, pictures, etc., do not 
hang plumb ; with Constructiveness large, will succeed in any mechan- 
ical avocation requiring a steady hand, as in surgery, dental opera- 
tions, sleight-of-hand performances, fancy glass-blowing, etc. : p. 1 94. 

Large. — Have an excellent faculty for preserving and regaining 
balance, riding a fractious horse, skating, carrying a steady hand, 
etc. ; easily keep from falling when aloft or in dangerous places ; are 
rarely seasick naturally ; throw a stone, ball, or arrow straight ; are 
pained at seeing things out of plumb ; judge of perpendiculars very 
exactly ; love to climb, walk on the edge of a precipice, etc. ; with 
Form and Size large, are an excellent marksman ; with Constructs e- 
ness large, understand and work machinery ; with Approbativeness 
arge, are venturesome, etc., to show what risks can be run without 
falling: p. 193. 

Full. — Have a good degree of this faculty, and with practice ex- 
cel, yet without it are not remarkable : p. 1 94. 

Average. — Like Full, only less gifted in this respect ; with only 



COLOR. 143 

average Constructiveness and perceptives, should never engage ij 
working machinery, because deficient in this talent : p. 192. 

Moderate. — Can keep the balance under ordinary circumstances, 
yet have rather imperfect control over the muscles in riding a frac- 
tious horse, or walking a narrow beam aloft, hurling, etc. ; with large 
Cautiousness, are timid in dangerous places, and dare not venture 
far ; are rather poor in shooting, skating, throwing, etc., unless ren- 
dered so by practice, and should cultivate this faculty by climbing, 
balancing, hurling, etc. : p. 194. 

Small. — Are quite liable to seasickness, dizziness when aloft, 
etc. ; with large Cautiousness, are afraid to walk over water, even on 
a wide plank, and where there is no danger ; never feel safe while 
climbing, and fall easily : p. 195. 

Very Small. — Can hardly stand erect, and have very little con- 
trol over the muscles : p. 195. 

To Cultivate. — Skate, slide down hill, practice gymnastic feats, 
balance a long pole on your hand, walk a fence, climb, ride on horse- 
back and velocipede, go to sea, practice gunnery, archery, throwing 
stones, pitching quoits — anything to exercise this faculty : 446. 

To Restrain. — Do not allow yourself to climb aloft, and walk 
narrow, dangerous places, as much as naturally inclined to. Persona 
often lose their lives by ambitiously attempting extraordinary feats. 

31. COLOR. 

The Painter. — Perception, recollection, and applicatioi 
of colors, and delight in them. 

Adapted to that infinite variety of coloring interspersed 
throughout Nature. Perverted, are over-particular to have 
colors just right. 

Very Large. — Have a natural taste and talent, as well as a per- 
fect passion, for whatever appertains to colors ; can carry colors 
perfectly in the eye, and match them from memory ; take the utmost 
ielight in viewing harmonious colors, and with very large Construc- 
tiveness, Imitation, Form, and Size, and large Weight, a full or large- 
sized brain, and organic quality 6 or 7, have a natural taste and talent 
for painting, and are a real genius in this line. For combinations, sea 
Large. 

Large. — Can discern and match colors by the eye with accuracy 



144 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

with Comparison large, can compare them closely, and detect similar- 
ities and differences ; with Constructivencss, Form, Size, and Imita- 
tion large or very large, can excel in painting ; but with Form and 
Size only average, can paint better than draw ; with Ideality large, 
are exceedingly delighted with fine paintings, and disgusted with im- 
perfect coloring; with large Form and Size, manage the perspective 
and lights and shades of painting admirably: p. 195. 
: Full. — Possess a good share of coloring ability and talent, pro- 
vided it has been cultivated ; take much pleasure in beautiful flowers, 
variegated landscapes, beautifully colored fruits, etc. : p. 196. 

Average. — Possess a fair share of this talent, yet are not extraor- 
dinary : p. 195. 

Moderate. — With practice, may judge of colors with considera- 
ble accuracy, yet without it will be deficient in this respect; with 
large Form, Size, Constructiveness, Ideality, and Imitation, may take 
an excellent likeness, yet will fail in the coloring: p. 197. 

Small. — May tell primitive colors, yet rarely notice the colors of 
dresses, eyes, hair, etc. ; cannot describe persons and things by them, 
and evince a marked deficiency in coloring, taste, and talent: p. 197. 

Very Small. — Can hardly tell one color from another: p. 197. 

To Cultivate. — Observe color in general, and its shadings in 
particular ; try to appreciate their beauties, and enjoy their richness, 
as seen in flower, bird, fruit, lawn, twilight, everywhere, and culti- 
vate an appreciation of fine paintings : 450. 

To Restrain is rarely necessary; go less into raptures over a 
new flower or painting, but give more attention to other things. 

32. ORDER. 

The Regulator. — Method, system, arrangement ; having 
places for things, and everything in its place ; observing busi- 
ness rules. 

Adapted to Heaven's first law. Perverted, it overworks, an- 
noys others to keep things in order, and is pained by disorder. 

Very L\rge. — Methodize everything; are law-abiding; gov- 
erned by rules ; perfectly systematic, and very particular about order, 
even to old-maidishness ; work far beyond strength to have things 
just so ; and with large Ideality, and an active temperament, and only 
fair Vitality, are liable to break down health and constitution by over- 



OliDEK. 145 

working in order to have things extra nice, and take more pains to 
keep things in order than this order is worth ; are more nice than wise, 
and fastidious about personal appearance, as well as extra particular 
to have every little thing very nice ; and with Acquisitiveness added, 
cannot bear to have garments soiled, and are pained in the extreme 
by grease-spots, ink-blots, and like deformities : p. 199. 

Large. — Conduct business on methodical principles, and are sys- 
tematic in everything ; with large Acquisitiveness and Causality, have 
good business talents ; with large Locality, have a place for every- 
thing, and everything in its place ; with large Time, have a time for 
eveiy thing, and everything in season; with large Continuity, Com- 
parison, and the mental temperament, have every idea, paragraph, 
and head of a subject in its proper place ; with large Constructive- 
ness, put and keep tools always in place, so that they can be found 
in the dark ; with large Combativeness, are excessively vexed by dis- 
arrangement ; with large Language, place every word exactly right 
in the sentence ; with large Approbativeness, conform to established 
usages ; with large Size, must have everything in rows, at proper dis- 
tances, straight, etc. ; and with large Ideality, must have everything 
neat and nice as well as methodical, etc. : p. 199. 

Full. — If educated to business habits, evince a good degree of 
method, and disposition to systematize, but without practice may 
sometimes show laxity ; with a powerful mentality, but weaker mus- 
cles, may like to have things in order, yet do not always keep ihern 
so ; with large Causality added, show more mental than physical or- 
der ; with large moral organs, like to have religious matters, codes of 
discipline, etc., rigidly observed, and have more moral than personal 
method ; with Acquisitiveness and perceptives large, are methodical 
enough for all practical purposes, yet not extra particular : p. 200. 

Average. — Like order, yet may not always keep it, and desire 
more than practically secure : p. 198. 

Moderate. — Often leave things where they were last used, and 
lack method ; with Ideality moderate, lack personal neatness, and 
should cultivate this desirable element by being more particular, but 
with large Ideality are more neat than systematic. 

Small. — Have a very careless, inaccurate way of doing every- 
thing ; leave things just where it happens ; can never find what is 
wanted ; take a long time to get ready, or else go unprepared, and 
have everything in perpetual confusion : p. 201. 

Very Small. — Almost wholly lack arrangement : p. 201. 
V 



146 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

To Cultivate. — Methodize and arrange everything ; be regular 
In all your habits; cultivate system in business; have a place ibr 
everything, and keep everything in place, so that you could find it in 
the dark — in short, exercise order: 456. 

To Restrain. — Work and worry less to keep order, for it costs 
more to keep it than it is worth. You waste your very life and 
strength in little niceties of order which, after all, amount to little, 
but are costing you your sweetness of temper and very life itself. 



33. CALCULATION. 



The Mental Arithmetician. — Numerical computation 
ability to reckon figures in the head ; cognizance and raemorj 
of numbers ; mental arithmetic. 

JiMAT.T,. 

Adapted to numerical relations. 




No. 179. — Mathematician.! 



No. 180. 



Very Large. — Possess this calculating capability in a most ex 
traordinary degree ; can add several columns at once very rapidly and 
correctly, and multiply and divide with the same intuitive powers* 
love mental arithmetic exceedingly, and with large reflectbs are a 
natural mathematician : p. 203. 

1 Zerah Colburn, at the age of nine years, without education, astonished tho 
world by his great calculating talent. George Combe, though he studied math- 
ematics seven years, never could ma«ter the multiplication table. 



LOCALITY. 147 

Large. — Excel in mental arithmetic, in adding, subtracting, mul- 
tiplying, dividing, reckoning figures, casting accounts, etc., in the 
head; with large perceptives, have excellent business talents; ana 
large Locality and Causality added, excel in mathematics : p. 202. 

Full. — Possess good calculating powers; with practice, can cal- 
culate in the head or by arithmetical rules easily and accurately, yet 
without practice are not remarkable; with large Form, Size, Compar- 
ison, Causality, and Constructiveness, can be a good geometrician or 
mathematician, yet will do better in the higher branches than merely 
the arithmetical : p. 204. 

Average. — Can learn arithmetic and do quite well by practice, 
yet are not naturally gifted in reckoning figures : p. 202. 

Moderate. — Add, subtract, divide, and calculate with difficulty; 
and with large Acquisitiveness and perceptives, will make a better 
salesman than book-keeper : p. 204. 

Small. — Are dull and incorrect in adding, subtracting, dividing, 
etc.; dislike figuring; are poor in arithmetic, both practical and the- 
oretical, and should cultivate this faculty : p. 205. 

Very Small. — Can hardly count, much less calculate: p. 20.5. 

To Cultivate. — Add, subtract, divide, multiply, count, and 
reckon figures in the head as far as possible, and learn and practice 
arithmetic. 

To Restrain, rarely ever necessary ; avoid counting things. 

34. LOCALITY. 

Ths Traveller. — Cognizance and recollection of places, 
roads, scenery, position, etc. ; desire to see places, ability to find 
them ; the geographical faculty ; keeping points of compass. 

Adapted to nature's arrangement of space and place. Per- 
verted, it creates a cosmopolitan disposition, and would spend 
everything in travelling. 

Very Large. — Always keep a correct idea of positions relative 
and absolute in the deep forests and winding street ; cannot be lost; 
are perfectly enamored of travelling ; have a passion for it : p. 206. 

Large. — Remember the whereabouts of whatever is seen; can 
carry points of the compass easily in the head, and are lost with diffi- 
culty either in the city, woods, or country ; desire to see places, and 
never forget them ; study geography and astronomy with ease ; rarely 



148 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

forget where things are seen ; with Constructiveness, remember the 
arrangement of the various parts of a machine ; with Individuality, 
Eventuality, and Human Nature, love to see men and things as well 
as places, and hence h:\ve a passion for travelling : p. 205. 

Full. — Remember places well, yet not extraordinarily so; can 
generally find the way, yet may sometimes be lost or confused ; with 
large Eventuality, remember facts better than places: p. 207. 

Average. — Recollect places and positions seen several times, 
yet in city or roads are occasionally lost ; have no great geographical 
talent, yet by study and practice can do tolerably well : p. 205. 

Moderate. — Recollect places rather poorly ; dare not trust to 
local memory in strange places or large cities ; are not naturally good 
in geography, and to excel in it must study hard ; should energetic- 
ally cultivate this faculty by localizing everything, and remembering 
just how things are placed : p. 207. 

Small — Are decidedly deficient in finding places, and recollect 
them with difficulty even when perfectly familiar with them : p. 208. 

Very Small. — Must stay at home unless accompanied by others, 
because unable to find the way back : p. 208. 

To Cultivate. — Notice, as you go, turns in the road, landmarks, 
and objects by the way, geography and the points of compass, when 
you see things ; and charge your memory where on a page certain 
ideas or accounts stand recorded, and position in general; and study 
geography by maps and travelling, the location of anatomical and 
phrenological organs, and position or place in general: 467. 

To Restrain. — Settle down, and give up roving and travelling. 

Literary Faculties. 

These recollect information and anecdotes, and remember 
matters of fact and knowledge in general, and give what is 
called a good memory. 

Adapted to facts, dates, and communicating ideas and feel- 
ings. 

Very Large. — Have a most remarkable memory; are extraordi- 
narily well-informed, if not learned and brilliant ; according to advan- 
tages are a first-rate scholar ; have a literal passion for literary pur- 
iuivs, and are remarkably smart and intelligent. 

Large. — Are knowing, and off-hand; can show off to good ad 



EVENTUALITY. 149 

rantage in society ; with large Ideality, are brilliant as well as tal- 
ented ; have an excellent memory. 

Full. — Have a fair matter-of-fact cast of mind and knowing pow 
ers, fair scholarship, and a good general memory. 

Average. — If cultivated, have a good memory, and store up 
considerable knowledge; yet without cultivation, only a common- 
place memory and no great knowledge. 

Moderate. — Know more than you can think of at the time, or 
tell ; with large reflective faculties, have more judgment than mem 
ory, and strength of mind than ability to show off. 

Small, or Very Small. — Have a poor memory of most things^ 
and inferior literary capabilities. 

To Cultivate. — Head, study, inform yourself, read the papers ; 
keep pace with the improvements of the day ; study history and the 
experimental sciences ; and pick up and store up whatever kinds of 
knowledge, in your line of business, and of matter-of-fact knowledge, 
comes in your way ; write your thoughts in a daily journal, or for the 
press ; join a lyceum or debating society, and read history and sci- 
ence with a view to remember all you read and know, for the purpose 
of using it in argument ; remember the news, and tell it to friends • 
in short, read, write, and talk. 

To Restrain. — Read and study less ; divert your mind from 
books and business by cultivating the other, and especially physical 
faculties, and never read, or study, or write nights. 

35. EVENTUALITY. 

The Historian. — Memory of facts ; recollection of circum- 
stances, news, occurrences, and historical, scientific, and pass- 
ing events — what has been said, seen, heard, and once known. 

Adapted to action, and those changes constantly occurring 
around and within us. 

Very Large. — Are smart, bright, and knowing in the extreme ; 
possess a wonderfully retentive memory of everything like facts and 
incidents ; with large Language and Imitation, tell a story admirably, 
and excel in fiction, etc. : have a craving thirst for knowledge, and 
iterally devour books and newspapers, and never forget anything 
once seen or known : p. 211. 

Large. — Have a clear and retentive memory of historical facts, 



160 ANALYSTS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 




35 




No. 181. — Large. 



No. 182. — Small. 



general knowledge, what has been seen, heard, read, done, etc., even 
in detail ; considering advantages, are well informed and knowing ; 
desire to witness and institute experiments ; find out what is and has 
been, and learn anecdotes, particulars, and items of information, and 
readily recall to mind what has once entered it ; have a good general 
matter-of-fact memory, and pick up facts readily ; with Calculation 
and Acquisitiveness large, remember business matters, bargains, etc. ; 
with large social feelings, recall friends to mind, and what they have 
said and done; and with large Locality, associate facts with the 
place where they transpired, and are particularly fond of reading, lec- 
tures, general news, etc., and can become a good scholar: p. 210. 

Full. — Have a good general memory of matters and things, yet 
it is considerably affected by cultivation — that is, have a good mem- 
ory if it is habitually exercised, but if not, only an indifferent one ; 
with large Locality, recollect facts by associating them with places, 
or where on a page they are narrated ; with large reilectives, remem- 
ber thoughts better than facts, and facts by associating them with their 
principles; and with large Language, tell a story quite well: p. 212. 

Average. — Remember leading events and interesting particulars, 
yet are rather deficient in memory of items and details, except when 
it is well cultivated : p. 209. 

Moderate, — Are rather forgetful, especially in details; and with 
moderate Individuality and Language, tell a story very poorly, and 
should cultivate memory by its exercise: p. 212. 



TIME. 151 

Small. — Have a treacherous and confused memory of circum- 
stances ; often forget what is wanted, intended to be said, done, etc.; 
have a poor command of knowledge, are unable to swear positively 
to details, and should strenuously exercise this memory: p. 213. 

Very Small. — Forget almost everything : p. 213. 

To Cultivate. — Charge your mind with whatever transpires; 
remember what you read, see, hear, and often recall and reimpress it, 
30 that you could swear definitely in court ; impress on your mind 
what you intend to do and say at given times ; read history, mythol- 
ogy, etc., with a view to weave such knowledge into every-day life ; 
tell anecdotes ; recount incidents in your own life, putting in all the 
little particulars ; write down what you would remember, yet only to 
impress it, but trust to memory, not to manuscript : 476. 

To Restrain. — Headless; never allow yourself to recount the 
painful vicissitudes of life, or to renew past pain by remembrance, for 
this only does damage ; but when you find your irliicl running on 
painful subjects, change it to something else, and tiy to forget what- 
ever in the past is saddening. 

36. TIME. 

The Innate Time-keeper. — Periodicity; cognizance and 
recollection of duration, succession, the lapse of time, when 
things occurred, etc. ; ability to carry the time of the day in 
the head, tell when, how long, etc. ; punctuality. 

Adapted to Nature's times and seasons. Perverted, it is ex- 
cessively pained by not keeping time in music, steps, etc. 

Very Large. — Can wake up at any preappointed hour, tell the 
time of day by intuition almost as correctly as with a time-piece, and 
the time between events, and are a natural chronologist : p. 216. 

Large. — Can generally tell when dungs occurred, at least the 
order of events, and the length of time between one occurrence and 
another, etc ; tell the time of day well, without time-piece or sun ; 
and keep an accurate mental chronology of dates, general and partie 
alar ; with large Eventuality, rarely forget appointments, meetings, 
etc., and are a good historian, and always punctual : p. 215. 

Full. — With cultivation, can keep c-me in music, and also the 
time of day in the head quite correctly, yet not remarkably : p. 216. 

Average. — With practice, have a good memory of dates and 
luccessions, yet without it are rather deficient : p. 214. 



152 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACUETIES. 

Moderate. — Have a somewhat imperfect idea of time and dates 
and with moderate Eventuality and Language, are a poor historian 
p. 21 G. 

Small. — Fail to keep the correct time in the head, or awaken at 
appointed times; have a confused and indistinct idea of the time when 
tilings transpired, forget dates, and lack punctuality : p. 217. 

Very Small. — Are almost destitute of this faculty: p. 217. 

To Cultivate. — Periodize everything; rise, retire, prosecute 
your business, everything, by the clock; appropriate particular times 
to particular things, and deviate as seldom as possible ; in short, cul- 
tivate perfect regularity in all your habits, as respects time ■ 491. 

To Restrain. — Break in upon your tread-mill monotony, and 
deviate now and then, if only for diversion, from your routine. 



37. TUNE. 

The Intuitive Musician. — Musical instinct, inspiration 
and genius ; ability to learn and remember times by rote. 

Adapted to the musical octave. Perversion — excessive 
fondness for music to the neglect of other things. 

Ykry Large. — Possess extraordinary musical taste and talent, 
and are literally transported by good music ; and with large Imitation 
and Constructiveness, fair time, and a fine temperament, are an ex- 
quisite performer ; learn tunes by hearing them sung once ; sing in 
spirit and with melting pathos ; show intuitive taste and skill ; sing 
from the soul and to the soul : p. 219. 

Large. — Love music dearly; have a nice perception of concord, 
discord, melody, etc., and enjoy all kinds of music; with large Imita- 
tion, Constructiveness, and Time, can make most kinds, and play well 
on musical instruments; Avith large Ideality, impart a richness and ex- 
quisiteness to musical performances ; have a fine ear for music and 
are tormented by discord, but delighted by concord, and take a great 
union nt of pleasure in the exercise of this faculty; with large Coinbat- 
lveness and Destructiveness, love martial music; with large Venera- 
tion, sacred music; with large Adhesiveness and Amativeness, social 
and parlor music; with large Hope, Veneration, and disordered 
nerves, plaintive, solemn music, etc. : p. 21 8. 

Full. — Have a good musical ear and talent; can learn tunes by 
rote quite well; and with large Ideality and Imitation, can become a 
good musician, yet will require practice : p. 220. 



LANGUAGE. US 

Average. — Have fair musical talents, yet, to be a good musician, 
require considerable practice; can learn tunes by rote, yet with some 
difficulty; with large Ideality and Imitation, may be a good singer or 
player, yet are indebted more to art than nature; show more taste 
than skill; and love music better than can make it : p. 217. 

Modkkatk. — Have moderate taste and talent for music, yet, 
aided by notes and practice, may sing and play quite well, but will t^ 
mechanical, and lack that pathos which reaches the soul : p. 220. 

Smail. — Learn to sing or play tunes with great difficulty, and 
that mechanically, without emotion or effect: p. 221. 

Very Smalt.. — Have scarcely any musical idea or feeling, so lit- 
tle as hardly to tell Yankee Doodle from Old Hundred : p. 221. 

To Cultivate. — Try to sing; learn tunes by ear; and practice 
vocal and instrumental music : 504. 

To Restrain. — Give relatively less time and feeling to music, 
and more to other things. 



38. LANGUAGE. 

The Talker. — The expression of all mental operations by 
words, written or spoken, by gestures, looks, and actions ; the 
communicating faculty and instinct. 

Adapted to man's requisition for holding communication with 
man. . Perversion — verbosity, pleonasm, circumlocution, gar- 
rulity, excessive talkativeness, telling what does harm, etc. 

Very Large. — Are exceedingly expressive in all said and done ; 
have a most expressive countenance, eye, and manner in everything ; 
and emphatic way of saying and doing everything, and thoroughly 
impress the various operations of your own minds on the minds of 
others ; use the very word required by the occasion ; are intuitively 
grammatical, even without study, and say oratorically whatever you 
attempt to say at all ; commit to memory by reading or hearing once 
or twice ; learn languages with remarkable facility ; are both fluent 
and copious, even redundant and verbose ; with large or very lar^e 
Imitation, add perfect action, natural language, and gesticulation to 
perfect verbal selection ; with large Ideality, are elegant and elo- 
quent ; and with large Individuality, Eventuality, Comparison, and 
organic quality added, possess natural speaking talents of the highest 
ordar; say the very thing, and in the very best way; choose word* 



154 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 




8%s»- 




No. 183. — Charles Dickens. 



No. 184. — Brunel. 



almost as by inspiration, and evince the highest order of communi- 
cating capacity : p. 226. 

Large. — Express ideas and feelings well, both verbally and in 
writing ; can learn to speak languages easily ; recollect words and 
commit to memory well ; have freedom, copiousness, and power of ex- 
pression ; with large Amativeness, use tender, winning, persuasive 
words ; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, severe and 
cutting expressions ; with large moral faculties, words expressive of 
moral sentiments ; with large Acquisitiveness, describe in glowing 
colors what is for sale ; with large Ideality, employ richness and 
beauty of expression, and love poetry and oratory exceedingly ; with 
large Imitation, express thoughts and emotions by gesticulation ; with 
activity great and Secretiveness small, show in the looks the thoughts 
and feelings passing in the mind ; with large reflective faculties, 
evince thought and depth in the countenance ; with large Compari- 
son, use just the words which convey the meaning intended ; with 
large Ideality, Individuality, Eventuality, Comparison, and the men- 
tal temperament, can make an excellent editor or newspaper writer ; 
and with large Causality added, a philosophical writer, etc. : p. 224. 

Full. — Say well what is said at all, yet are not garrulous ; with 
small Secretiveness, speak without qualification, and also distinctly 
and pointedly ; express the manifestations of the larger faculties with 
much force, yet not of the smaller ones ; with large Secretiveness and 
Cautiousness, do not always speak to the purpose, and make id<?as 



LANGUAGE. 155 

fully understood, but use rather non-committal expressions ; with large 
Comparison, Human Nature, Causality, Ideality, activity, organic 
quality, and power, have first-rate writing talents, and can speak well, 
yet*large Secretiveness impairs speaking and writing talents by ren- 
dering them wordy and non-committal : p. 227. 

Average. — Have fair communicating talents, yet not extra ; with 
activity great and Secretiveness small, speak right out, and to the 
purpose, yet are not eloquent, and use commonplace words and ex- 
pressions ; with large Individuality, Eventuality, and Comparison, 
and moderate Secretiveness, can make an excellent writer by prac- 
tice ; use none too many words, but express yourself' clearly and to the 
point ; with large Causality, have more thought than language ; with 
moderate Individuality and Eventuality, find it difficult to say just 
what is desired, and are not fully and easily understood ; with large 
Ideality, have more beauty and elegance than freedom : p. 222. 

Moderate. — Are not particularly expressive in words, actions, or 
countenance, nor ready in communicating ideas and sentiments ; with 
large Ideality, Eventuality, Comparison, activity, and power, may 
succeed well as a writer, yet not as a speaker ; talk fast, but use only 
common language ; with large Causality and moderate* Eventuality, 
have abundance of thoughts, but find it quite difficult to cast them 
into sentences, or bring in the right adjectives and phrases at the 
right time ; are good in matter, yet poor in delivery ; commit to 
memory with difficulty, and fail to make ideas and feelings fully 
understood, and to excite like organs in others ; with large Event- 
uality, Locality, Form, and Comparison, may be fair as a linguist, 
and learn to read foreign languages, yet learn to speak them with 
difficulty, and are barren in expression, however rich in matter : 
p. 228. 

Small. — Have poor lingual and communicative talents ; hesitate 
for words ; speak with extreme difficulty and very awkwardly, and 
should cultivate this faculty by talking and writing much : p. 228. 

Very Small. — Can hardly remember or use words at all. 

To Cultivate. — Talk, write, speak as much, eloquently, and 
well as you can ; often change clauses in order to improving sen- 
tences ; erase unnecessary and improper words, and choose the 
very words exactly expressive of the desired meaning ; throw feel- 
ing and expression into all you say ; give action and expressiveness 
to countenance ; study languages and the classics, but especially 
fluency in your mother tongue ; narrate incidents ; tell what you 



J 56 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

have heard, seen, read, done ; debate ; if religious, lead in religious 
exercises — anything, everything to discipline and exercise this fac- 
ulty : 515. 

To Restrain. — Talk less ; never break in when others are talk- 
ing ; lop off redundancies, pleonasms, and embellishments, and use 
simple instead of bombastic expressions. 

Reflective or Reasoning Faculties. 

These give a philosophizing, penetrating, investigating, origi- 
nating cast of mind ; ascertain causes and abstract relations ; 
contrive, invent, originate ideas, etc. Adapted to the first 
principles, or laws of things. 

Very Large. — Possess extraordinary depth of reason and 
strength of understanding ; and with large perceptives, extraordinary 
talents, and manifest them to good advantage; with perceptives small, 
have great strength of mind, yet a poor mode of manifesting it; are 
not appreciated, and lack intellectual balance, and are more plausible 
than reliable 1 , and too deep to be clear. 

Large. — Possess the higher capabilities of intellect ; reason 
clearly and strongly on whatever data is furnished by the other facul- 
ties ; have soundness of understanding, depth of intellect, and that 
weight which carries conviction, and contributes largely to success in 
everything; with perceptives small, possess more power of mind than 
can be manifested, and fail to be appreciated and understood, because 
more theoretical than practical. 

Full. — Possess fair reflective powers, and reason well from the 
data furnished by the other faculties ; and with activity great, have a 
fair flow of ideas and £Ood treneral thoughts. 

© © - o 

Average. — Reason fairly on subjects fully understood, yet are 
not remarkable for depth or clearness of idea ; with cultivation, will 
manifest considerable reasoning power — without it, only ordinary. 

Moderate. — Are rather deficient in power of mind; but with 
targe perceptives, evince less deficiency of reason than is possessed. 

Small. — Have inferior reasoning capabilities. 

Very Small. — Are almost destitute of thought, idea, and sense. 

To Cultivate. — Muse, meditate, ponder, reflect on, think, study 
and pry deep into the abstract principles and nature of things. 
. To Restrain. — Theorize less, and give more time to facts. 



CAUSALITY. 



157 




No. 185. — Dr. Gall. 



No. 186. — Hewlett, Actor. 



The Thinker and Planner. — Perception and application 
of causation ; reason ; deduction ; originality ; depth of thought ; 
forethought ; comprehensiveness of mind ; devising ways and 
means ; invention ; creating resources ; reasoning from causes 
to effects ; profundity. 

Adapted to Nature's laws, plans, causes, and effects. Per- 
verted, it reasons in favor of untruth and injurious ends. 

Very Large. — Possess this cause seeking and applying power to 
an extraordinary degree ; perceive by intuition those deeper relatione 
of things which escape common minds ; are profound in argument 
and philosophy, and deep and powerful in reasoning, and have great 
originality of mind and strength of understanding; see Large : p. 236. 

Large. — Desire to know the ivhys and wherefores of things, and 
to investigate their laws ; reason clearly and correctly from causes to 
eifects ; have uncommon capabilities of planning, contriving, invent- 
ing, creating resources, and making head save hands ; kill two birds 
with one stone ; predicate results, and arrange things so as to suc- 
ceed ; put things together well ; with large Combativeness, love to 
ar^ue; with large perceptives, are quick to perceive facts and con- 
ditions, and reason powerfully and correctly from them ; with Com- 
parison and Conscientiousness large, reason forcibly on moral truths ; 
"▼ith the selfish faculties strong, will so adapt ways and means as to 



158 ANALYSIS OP THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

fierve personal purposes ; with moderate perceptives, are theoretical, 
and excel more in principles and philosophy than facts; remember 
laws better than details ; with Comparison and Human Nature large, 
are particularly fond of mental philosophy, and excel therein ; with 
Individuality and Eventuality only moderate, are guided more by 
reason than experience, by laws than facts, and arrive at conclusions 
more from reflection than observation ; with large perceptives, pos- 
sess a higher order of practical sense and sound judgment ; with large 
Comparison and moderate Eventuality, remember thoughts, infer- 
ences, and subject-matter, but forget items ; with the mental tem- 
perament and Language moderate, make a much greater impression 
by action than expressions, by deeds than words, etc. : p. 233. 

Full. — Have good cause seeking and applying talents ; reason, 
and adapt ways and means to ends, well ; with large perceptives, 
Comparison, activity, and organism, possess excellent reasoning pow- 
ers, and show them to first-rate advantage ; with moderate percep- 
tives and large Secretiveness, can plan better than reason ; with large 
Acquisitiveness and moderate Constructiveness, lay excellent money- 
making, but poor mechanical plans, etc. : p. 236. 

Average. — Have only fair sense and judgment ; plan and reason 
well in conjunction with the larger faculties, but poorly with the 
smaller ; with moderate Acquisitiveness, lay poor money-making 
plans; but with large Conscientiousness, reason well on moral sub- 
jects, especially if Comparison is large, etc. : p. 231. 

Moderate. — Think little ; rather lack discernment and causa- 
tion; perceive causes when presented by other minds, yet do not 
originate them ; with activity and perceptives large, may do well in 
ordinary business routine, yet fail in difficult matters : p. 237. 

Small. — Are deficient in reasoning and planning power and 
Bense ; need perpetual telling and showing ; seldom arrange things 
beforehand, and then poorly ; should work under others ; lack force 
of idea and strength of understanding : p. 238. 

Very Small. — Are idiotic in reasoning and planning : p. 238. 

To Cultivate. — First and mainly, study Nature's causes and 
effects, adaptations, laws, both in general and in those particular de- 
partments in which you may feel any special interest ; think, muse, 
meditate, reason, cogitate ; give yourself up to the influx of new 
ideas ; plan ; adapt ways and means to ends ; endeavor to think up 
the best ways and means of overcoming difficulties and bringing about 
results ; especially study Phrenology and its philosophy, for nothing 



COMPARISON. 



159 



8 equally suggestive of original ideas, or as explanative of Nature's 
laws and first principles : 545-548. 

To Restrain — which is rarely necessary — divert your mind 
from abstract thought by engaging more in the practical and real, nor 
allow any one thing, as inventing perpetual motion, or reasoning on 
any particular subject, to engross too much attention. 

40. COMPARISON. 




No. 187. — LuxxMua. 



No. 188.— Mr. Barlow. 



The Critic. — Inductive reasoning; ability and desire to 
analyze, illustrate, classify, compare, and draw inferences. 

Adapted to Nature's classifications of all her works. Per- 
verted, is too redundant in proverbs, fables, and figures. 

Very Large. — Possess this analyzing, criticising, and inductive 
faculty in a truly wonderful degree ; illustrate with great clearness 
and facility from the known to the unknown ; explain things plausi- 
bly and correctly; discover the deeper analogies which pervade 
nature, and have an extraordinary power of discerning new truths ; 
with large Individuality, Eventuality, and activity, have a great fac- 
alty of making discoveries ; with large Language, use words in their 
3xact meaning, and are a natural philologist : p. 243. 

Large. — Reason clearly and correctly from conclusiors and sci- 
entific facts up to the laws which govern them : discern the known 
from the unknown ; detect error by its incongruity with facts ; havo 



160 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

an excellent talent for comparing, explaining, expounding, criticising, 
exposing, etc. ; employ similes and metaphors well ; put this and that 
together, and draw correct inferences from them ; with large Conti- 
nuity, use well-sustained figures of speech, but with small Continuity, 
drop the figure before it is finished ; with large Individuality, Event- 
uality, activity, and power, have a scientific cast of mind ; with large 
Veneration, reason about God and His works ; with large Language, 
use words in their exact signification ; with large Mirthfulness, strike 
die nail upon the head in all criticisms, and hit off the oddities of 
people to admiration ; with large Ideality, evince beauty, taste, and 
propriety of expression, etc. : p. 241. 

Full. — Possess a full share of clearness and demonstrative power, 
yet with «large Causality, and only moderate Language, cannot ex- 
plain to advantage ; with large Eventuality, reason wholly from facts ; 
with moderate Language, fail in giving the precise meaning to words ; 
and make fair analytical discriminations : p. 243. 

Average. — Show this talent in a good degree along with the 
larger organs, but poorly with the smaller : p. 239. 

Moderate. — Rather fail in explaining, and clearing up points, 
putting things together, drawing inferences, and often use words in- 
correctly ; with Individuality and Eventuality moderate, show much 
mental weakness; with large Causality, have fair ideas, but make 
wretched work in expressing them, and cannot be understood ; with 
Mirthfulness full or large, try to make jokes, but they are always ill- 
timed and inappropriate : p. 244. 

Small. — Have a poor talent for drawing inferences ; lack appro- 
priateness in everything, and should cultivate this faculty : p. 244. 

Very Small. — Have little, and show less sense : p. 244. 

To Cultivate. — Put this and that together and draw infer- 
ences ; spell out truths and results from slighter data ; observe 
effects, with a view to deduce conclusions therefrom ; study logic and 
metaphysics, theology and ethics included, and draw nice discrimina- 
tions ; explain and illustrate your ideas clearly and copiously, and 
exercise it in whatever form circumstances may require : 536. 

To Restrain. — Keep back redundant illustrations and amplifi- 
sations, and base important deductions on data amply sufficient. 

41. HUMAN NATURE. 

The Physiognomist. — Perception of character; discern- 
ment of motives ; intuitive reading of men by minor signs 



HUMAN NATURE. 161 

Adapted to man's need of knowing his fellow-men. Per- 
verted, it produces suspiciousness. 

Very Large. — Form a correct judgment as to the character of 
all, and especially of the opposite sex, at first sight, as if by intuition • 
may always trust first impressions; are a natural physiognomist; 
and with Agreeableness large, know just when and how to take men, 
and hoodwink ; with Secretiveness added, but Conscientiousness 
moderate, are oily and palavering, and flatter victims ; serpent- 
like, salivate before swallowing ; with Comparison and organic qual- 
ity large, dearly love to study human nature, practically and theoret- 
ically, and therefore mental philosophy, Phrenology, etc. 

Large. — Read men intuitively from their looks, conversation; 
manners, walk, and other kindred signs of character ; with Individu- 
ality and Comparison large, notice all the little things they do, and 
form a correct estimate from them, and should follow first impressions 
respecting persons; with full Secretiveness and large Benevolence, 
know just how to take men, and possess much power over mind ; with 
Mirthfulness and Ideality large, see faults, and make much fun over 
them ; with Comparison large, have a talent for metaphysics, etc. 

Full. — Read character quite well from the face and external 
signs, yet are sometimes mistaken ; may generally follow first impres- 
sions safely ; love to study character ; with Ideality and Adhesive- 
ness large, appreciate the excellences of friends ; with Parental Love 
large, of children ; with Combativeness and Conscientiousness very 
large, all the faults of people ; and with only average Adhesiveness, 
form few friendships, because detecting so many blemishes in others. 

Average. — Have fair talents for reading men, yet not extra. 
f Moderate. — Fail somewhat in discerning character ; occasion- 
ally form wrong conclusions concerning people ; should be more sus- 
picious, watch people closely, especially those minor .signs of charac- 
ter dropped when off their guard ; make ill-timed remarks ; address 
people poorly ; often say and do things which have a different effect 
from that intended, etc. 

Small. — Are easily imposed on ; think everybody tells the truth ; 
are too confiding, and fail in knowing where and how to take men. 

Very Small. — Know almost nothing about human nature. 

To Cultivate. — Scan closely all the actions of men, in order tc 
ascertain their motives and mainsprings of action ; look with a sharp 
eye at man, woman, child, all you meet, as if you would read them 
11 . 



162 ANALYSIS OF THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES. 

through ; note particularly the expressions of the eye, as if you would 
imbibe what it signifies ; say to yourself, What faculty prompted thifc 
expression and that action V drink in the general looks, attitude, nat- 
ural language, and manifestation of men, and yield yourself to the 
impressions naturally made on you, that is, study human nature both 
as a philosophy and a sentiment, or as if being impressed thereby ; 
especially study Phrenology, for no study of human nature at all com- 
pares with it, and be more suspicious : 540. 

To Restrain. — Be less suspicious, and more confidential. 



42. AGREEABLENESS. 

The Courtier. — Blandness ; persuasiveness; pleasantness ; 
complaisance ; suavity ; palaver ; that which compliments. 
Adapted to please and win others. 

Very Large. — Are peculiarly winning and fascinating in man- 
ners and conversation, and delight even opponents. 

Large. — Have a pleasing, persuasive, and conciliatory address; 
with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, are generally liked ; with 
Comparison and Human Nature large, say unacceptable things in an 
acceptable manner, and sugar over expressions and actions. 

Full. — Are pleasing and persuasive in manner, and with Ideality 
large, polite and agreeable, except when the repelling faculties are 
strongly excited; with small Secretiveness, and strong Combative- 
ness and activity, are generally pleasant, but when angry are sharp 
and blunt ; with large Benevolence and Mirth, are good company. 

Average. — Are fairly pleasant in conversation and appearance, 
except when the selfish faculties are excited, but are then repulsive. 

Moderate. — Rather lack the pleasant and persuasive, and should 
by all means cultivate them by smoothing over all said and done. 

Small. — Say even pleasant things very unpleasantly, and fail 
sadly in winning the good graces of people. 

To Cultivate. — Kiss the blarney stone ; take lessons from " Sam 
Slick ; " try to feel agreeably, and express those feelings in as pleas- 
ant and bland a manner as possible ; study and practice politeness 
as both an art and a science ; compliment what in others you can 
find worthy, and render yourself just as acceptable as you can : 300 



RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 



Phrenology is a science of facts. Observation discovered* 
and alone can perfect it ; and is the grand instrumentality of its 
propagation. To be convinced of its truth, men require to see it 
proved by induction and experiment. Hence the importance of 
definite rules for finding its organs, by which all can test its truth, 
and prosecute its study. 

The best mode of investigating its truth is somewhat as follows : 
You know a neighbor who has extreme Firmness in character, and is 
as obstinate as a mule Now, learn the location of the phrenolog- 
ical organ of Firmness (see cut No. 159, at 16), and see whether he 
has this organ as conspicuous as you know this faculty is in his char- 
acter, and if so, you have a strong phrenological fact. 

You know another neighbor who is exceedingly cautious, timid, 
safe, wise, and hesitating ; who always looks at objections and difficul- 
ties, instead of at advantages ; takes abundant time to consider, and 
procrastinates : now learn the location of Cautiousness (see cut No. 
155 at 13), and see whether he has this phrenological organ as con- 
spicuous as you know he possesses this faculty in his character. By 
pursuing this course, you can soon obtain a sure knowledge of the truth 
or falsity of phrenological science. This is also altogether the best 
mock of convincing unbelievers of its truth. The intelligent cannot 
resist proof like this. 

To promote the application of this science, we give the following 
rules for finding its organs. Follow these rules exactly, and 
you will have little difficulty in locating at least all the prominent 
ones, and from them decipher that of the others. 

The Temperament should be noticed first, that is, the organiza- 
tion and physiology, with this principle for your basi« : that when the 
bodily texture or form is coarse, or strong, or fine, or soft, or weak, or 
sprightly, the texture of the brain will correspond with that of body, 
and the mental characteristics with that of the brain. 



164 RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 

The ruling faculties should be observed next. In phrenological 
language see what faculties predominate. The relative size of or- 
gans does not always determine this point. Some faculties, though 
predominant, cannot, in their very nature, constitute a motive for ac- 
tion, but are simply executive, carrying into effect the dominant mo- 
tives. For example, Combativeness rarely ever becomes a distinjt 
motive fur action. Few men love simply to struggle, quarrel, or fight 
for fun, but exercise Combativeness merely as a means of obtain- 
ing the things desired by the other dominant faculties. Few men 
live merely to exercise will ; that is, Firmness generally carries into 
effect the desires of the other faculties, and simply keeps them at 
their work, and thus of some other faculties ; whereas, Amativeness, 
Friendship, Alimentiveness, Acquisitiveness, Benevolence, Venera- 
tion, Conscientiousness, Intellect, Constructiveness, Ideality, and the 
observing faculties become dominant motives. And it requires much 
phrenological shrewdness to ascertain what faculty, or combination of 
faculties thus controls the character. 

Starting at the outer angle of the eye, draw a line to the mid- 
dle of the top of the ears, and Dkstructivenkss (see cut No. 148) 
is exactly under this point, and extends upward about half an inch 
above the top of the ears. In proportion to its size will the head be 
wide between the ears. When Secretiveness is small and Destruc- 
tiveness laro;e, there will be a horizontal rido;e extending forward and 
backward, more or less prominent, according to the size of this organ 
and a hollow right above. 

Secretiveness is located three quarters of an inch above the 
middle of the top of the ears. AY lien this organ is large, it rarely 
gives a distinct projection, but simply rounds out the head at this 
point (cut No. 148 at 9). When the head widens rapidly from the 
junction of the ears as you rise upward, Secretiveness is larger than 
Destructiveness ; but when the head becomes narrower as you rise, 
it is smaller than Destructiveness. It is small in cut No. 155. 

To find these two organs, and their relative size, place the third 
finger of each hand upon the head, just at the top of the ears ; let 
the lower side of the third finger be even with the upper part of the 
ear ; that finger then rests upon Destructiveness. Then spread the 
second finger about an eighth of an inch from the other, and it will 
rest upon Secretiveness. Let the end of your longest finger come as 
far forward as the fore part of the ears, and they will then rest upon 
these two organs. 



RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 1G5 

Extend this same line straight backward an inch and a half o 
three quarters, and you are on Combativeness (cut No. 147 at 8) 
This organ starts at the middle of the back part of the ears, and runs 
upward and backward toward the crown of the head. To ascertain 
its relative size, steady the head with one hand, say the left, and place 
the balls of your right fingers upon the point just specified, letting 
your elbow be somewhat below the subject's head, which will biin^ 
your fingers directly across the onran. Its size may be ascertained 
partly from the general fullness of the head, and partly from its sharp- 
ness, according as the organ is more or less active ; yet observers some- 
times mistake this organ for the mastoid process directly behind the 
lower part of the ears. Remember our rule, namely, a line drawn 
from the outer an^le of the eye to the top of the ear, and continued 
an inch and a half straight back. 

To find Parental Love (cut No. 14 3 at 3), extend this line 
straight back to the middle of the back head, and, in proportion as 
the head projects backward behind the ears at this point, will this 
organ be larger or smaller. 

About an inch below this point is the organ which controls mus- 
culau motion; and in p oportion as this occipital process is more 
or less prominent, will the muscular system be more or less active and 
powerful. Those who have it large will be restless, always moving a 
hand or foot when sitting, and even when sleeping; will be light- 
footed, easy-motioned, fond of action, and willing to work, as well as 
possessed of a first-rate constitution. But those who have no prom- 
inence will be found proportionally inert. 

In n a KiTiv ex ess is located three fourths of an inch above Pa- 
rental Love (cut No. 145 at 3). When it is large, and Continuity 
moderate, there will be found a prominence somewhat resembling 
the fore part of a flat-iron, at the middle of the head, together with 
a sharp prominence at this point ; but Avhen Inhabitivcness is small, 
there will be a depression just about large enough to receive the end 
of a finder, with the bow downward. 

Friendship is an inch on each side of this point. When it is 
larcre, especially if Inhabitiveness and Continuity are small, there 
will bo two swells, somewhat resembling the larger end of an e^g ; 
but if small, the head will retire at this point. 

Continuity (cut No. 14G at 6) is located directly above Inhabi- 
tiveness and Friendship. Its deficiency causes a depression resem- 
bling a new moon, with the horns turning downward, surrounding 



16(3 RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 

the organs of Inhabitiveness and Friendship. When Continuity is 
large, however, there will be no swell, but only a filling out of the 
head at this point. 

Amative ess is large in cut No. 141 at 1, but small in No. 143. 
Take the middle of the back part of the ears as your starting-point ; 
draw a line backward an inch and a half, and you are upon this 
organ. Yet the outer portion next to the ear is more animal, while 
its inner portion is more platonic. 

To find Cautiousness (cut No. 155), draw a perpendicular line, 
when the head is erect, from the extreme back part of the ear, 
straight up the sides of the head, and just where it begins to round 
off, to form the top. Cautiousness is located there, is generally 
well developed in the American head, and those prominences gen- 
erally seen at this point are caused by a full development of this 
organ. 

Alimextiveness (cut No. 150 at 10) is half an inch forward, in- 
clining a little downward, of the upper junction of the ear with the 
head. Then rise three quarters of an inch straight upward, and you 
are on that part of Acquisitiveness which gets property. Or thus # 
Take the middle of the top of the ear as your starting-point; draw a 
perpendicular line an inch upward, and you are on Secretiveness; 
then about an inch forward is Acquisitiveness. It is very large in cut 
No. 152, but very small in No. 153 at 11. When the head widens 
rapidly as you pass from the outer angles of the eyes to the top of the 
ears, Acquisitiveness is large ; but when the head is thin in this re- 
gion, Acquisitiveness is small. 

Sublimity, Ideality (cut No. 133), and Constuuctiveness 
(22 in No 1G8), can be found by first finding Cautiousness; then 
pass directly forward an inch, and you are on Sublimity; extend this 
line another inch, and you are on Ideality ; then an inch downward 
brings you upon Constructiveness. 

It should be remembered that Cautiousness, Sublimity, and Ideality 
are just upon the round of the head, or between its top and sides. 
Usually the head is much wider at Cautiousness than at Sublimity, 
and at Sublimity than Ideality. When, however, the head is as wide 
at Ideality as at Cautiousness, the subject will possess unusual good 
taste, purity, refinement, elevation, and personal perfection. Half an 
inch forward of Ideality is the organ which appertains to dress, and 
gives personal neatness. In those who care but little what they wear 
or how they appear, this organ will be found small. 



RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 167 

Firmness (at 16 in cut No. 159) can best be found by letting the 
subject be erect, and taking the opening of the ear as your starting- 
point ; draw a li:.e straight upward till you reach the middle line on 
the top of the head, and you are on the fore part of Firmness. When 
Jhis organ is large, and Veneration small, its forward termination re- 
sembles in shape the fore part of a smoothing-iron, rapidly widening 
as it runs backward. The organ is usually about an inch and a half 
long. It is very large in cut No. 164, but moderate in No. 165. 

Self-esteem (cut No. 140) is an inch and a halfback of Firm- 
ness. Its upper part gives a lofty, aspiring air, magnanimity, and a 
determination to do something worthy; while half an inch farther 
back is that part of Self-esteem which gives will, love of liberty, 
and a determination not to be ruled. It is large in cuts Nos. 140, 145, 
and 159. 

Approbativeness (cut No. 158) is located on the two sides of 
Self-esteem, about an inch outwardly. These two lobes run back- 
ward toward Friendship, and upward toward Conscientiousness. 

The relative size of Approbativeness and Self-esteem may be found 
thus : Placing the left hand upon the forehead, find Firmness ; and 
then move it two inches directly backward, and place the balls of the 
second and third fingers on this point. When Self-esteem is small, 
these balls will fall into the hollow which indicates its deficiency, 
while the ends of the fingers will strike upon the swells caused by Ap- 
probativeness, when this organ is large; and the middle of the second 
joint of these fingers will admeasure the size of that lobe of Appro- 
bativeness which is next to it. Or thus : Stand behind the patient, 
and so place your fingers upon his head that the second finger shall 
reach upward to the back part of Firmness ; then lay the first and 
second joints of that finger evenly with the head, and place the first 
and third fingers upon the head alongside of it. When Self-esteem 
is larger than Approbativeness, the second finger will be higher than 
the others ; but when its two lobes are larger than Self-esteem, the 
second finger will fall into a hollow running up and down, while the 
first and third fingers will rest upon them. Or thus : In nineteen 
females out of every twenty, Approbativeness will be found consider- 
ably larger than Self-esteem; and by applying this rule to their 
heads, a hollow will generally be found at Self-esteem, and a swell 
at Approbativeness, by which you can localize these organs ; and a 
few applications will soon enable you to form correct ideas of then 
appearance when large and small. 



168 RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 

Hope and Conscientiousness (see cuts Nos. 162, 163, 16, 17) aro 
found thus : That line already drawn to find Firmness passes over the 
back part of Hope, which is on each side of the fore part of Firm- 
ness, while Conscientiousness is just back of that line, on the two 
sides of the back part of Firmness, and joins Approbativeness pos- 
teriorly 

As these two organs run lengthwise from Firmness down toward 
.Cautiousness, and are near together, it is sometimes difficult to deter- 
mine which is large and which small. The upper part of Conscien- 
tiousness, next to Firmness, experiences feelings of obligation to God, 
or sense of duty to obey his laws; while the lower part creates a feel- 
ing of obligation to our fellow-men. 

Veneration (large at 20 in cut No 164, but small in No. 165) h» 
on the middle of the top head, or about an inch forward of Firmness; 
while Benevolence (large at 21 in cut No. 166, but small in No. 167) 
is about an inch forward of Veneration. When the middle of the top 
head rounds out and rises above Firmness and Benevolence, as in 164, 
Veneration is larger than either of these organs; but when there is a 
swell at Benevolence, and a depression as you pass backward in the 
middle of the head, which rises again as you pass still further back to 
Firmness, Veneration is smaller than Benevolence or Firmness. The 
back part of Benevolence experiences philanthropy and a desire to do 
good and remove suffering on a large scale, while the fore part sympa- 
thizes, and bestows minor gifts in the family and neighborhood. The 
fore part of Veneration gives respect for our fellow-men, while the 
back part supplicates and depends upon the Deity. The fore part of 
Firmness, working with Conscientiousness, gives moral decision ; 
while the latter, acting with Self-esteem, gives physical decision, de- 
termination to accomplish material objects, perseverance, etc., etc. 

Spirituality is located on each side of Veneration. It may be 
found by standing behind the seated subject ; so place your fingers that 
the first fingers of each hand shall be about an inch apart — that the 
ends of your second fingers shall be about three quarters of an inch 
forward of a line drawn across the middle of the head from side to 
side, and the balls of your fingers will be on Spirituality. Or, rever s- 
ing your position, so as to stand in fhont of the subject, so place 
your hands that the first fingers of each hand shall be as before, about 
an inch apart, and the ends of your longest fingers shall just touch 
the fore part of Hope, and the balls of your second and third fingers 
will rest on Spirituality. This organ is generally low, so that it may 



RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 169 

usually be found by that depression which indicates its smallness. 
When it is Large, the head is tilled out in this region, instead of slop 
ing rapidly from Veneration. Its two lobes arc about an inch on each 
side of Veneration, and directly above Ideality. 

Imitation is large in cuts Nos. 171, 173, upon the two e-ides of 
B< nevolence, but small in 1 72 and 1 74, directly forward of Spirituality 
To find it, stand in front of the subject, place your hands so that the 
index fingers of each h nd shall be separated about three quarters of 
an inch, and the end of your longest finger shall reach a line drawn 
across the middle of the head and the balls of your fingers will be on 
Imitation. It is found larger in children than adults ; so that the 
ridge usually found in their heads at this point may be taken as the 
location of this organ. It runs from Benevolence downward toward 
Constructiveness. The upper part, toward Benevolence, mimics; the 
lower part, toward Constructiveness, makes after a pattern, copies, etc. 

In the intellectual lobe, take the root of the nose as your starting- 
point ; the first organ met in passing upward is Individuality (27 
in cut No. 175). It is between the eyebrows, and when large causes 
them to arch downward at their inner termination, and that part of 
the head to project forward. It is small in Xo. 176. 

Eventuality is very large in cut No. 181, but small in 182, just 
below the centre of the forehead, and in children is usually large, 
but frequently small in adults. From this centre of the forehead, 
Comparison (40 in cut No. 187) extends upward to where the head 
begins to slope backward torSbrm its top ; at which point, or between 
Benevolence and Comparison, Human Nature is located, which is 
usually large in the American head, as is also Comparison. Agree- 
ableness is located about an inch on each side of the organ of Hu- 
man Nature, and is usually small, so that we can ascertain its location 
by observing its deficiency. When both of these organs are large, the 
forehead will be wide and full as it rounds backward to form the top 
head, or where the hair makes its appearance, as in cut No. 177, but it 
is sinal 1 in 1 74. Causality, in cuts Nos. 1 73, 1 74, is located about an 
inch on each side of Comparison; and Mirth fulness (large in cut 
No. 177, small in 178) about three quarters of an inch still further 
outwardly, toward Ideality. Form, in cut No. 178, is located inter- 
nally from Individuality, just above and partly between the eyes, so 
as to set them wider apart, in proportion as it is the larger. 

Size in located just in the turn between the nose and eyebrows, or 
oeneath the inner portion of the eyebrows ; and when large, ca-i^.'* 



17 U RUluS FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 

their inner portions to project forward over the inner portion of th« 
eyes like the eaves of a house, giving to the eyes a sunken appear- 
ance. Its size can generally be observed by sight, yet if you w Mild 
aid sight by touch, place the end of your thumb against the bri.'ge 
of the nose, with your thumb nearly parallel with the eyebrows, ai d 
its ball will be upon Size. When this organ is large, it resembk ' 
half a bean. 

To find Weight and Color, let the eyes look straight forward, and 
draw an imaginary line from the middle of the eye to the eyebrow : 
Weight is located internally beneath the eyebrows, while Color is 
Located outwanlly from this line. Order is located just externally 
to Color, and Time partly above and between Color and Order. 

Calculation (33 in cut No. 179) is located beneath the outer ter- 
mination of the eyebrows, and in proportion as they are long and ex- 
tend backward of the eye, will this organ be more or less developed. 
It is small in cut No. 180. Three fourths of an inch above the outer 
an'jjle of the eyebrow TcXK is located. Spurzheim's rule for finding 
it is this : Stand directly before the subject, and if the head widens 
over the outer end of the eyebrow as you rise upward, Tune is large, 
but a hollow at this point indicates small Tune. It is difficult to find 
its relative size in adults, but in children easy. Time and Tune join 
each other, and with Mirthfulness occupy the three angles of a tri- 
angle, nearly equilateral, the shortest side being between Time and 
Tune. 

Language is large in cut No. 183, but small in 184, and located 
partly above and behind the eyes. When large, it pushes the eyes 
downward and outward, and of course forward, which gives them a 
full and swollen appearance, as if they were standing partly out of 
their sockets, causing both the upper and under eyelids to be wide and 
broad. When the eyes are sunken, and their lids narrow, Language 
is small. 

By following these rules exactly and specifically, the precise loca- 
tion of the organs can be ascertained, and a few observations upon 
heads will soon teach you the appearance of the respective organs 
when they are large, small, or medium. Some slight allowances must 
be made in calculating the size of the head, or the absolute size of 
the organs. Thus, the larger Combativeness is, the longer the line* 
from Combativeness to the ear ; yet large and small Combativeness 
1o not vary this line over from a quarter to half an inch. 

Probably che most difficult point of discrimination is between Hope 



RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 171 

and Conscientiousness. Hope is generally placed too far forward 
Between Hope, Cautiousness, and Approbativeness there probably ex 
isls an organ, the natural functions of which are discretion. It mea* 
ures words and acts, and in business leads one to take receipts, draw 
writings, etc. There are doubtless other organs yet undiscovered, 
especially in the middle line of the head, between Benevolence and 
Parental Love, and also between Imitatiou and Causality. Phre- 
nology is yet in its infancy. Though it is perfect in itself, yet our 
knowledge of it is not yet perfected. As every successive genera- 
tion makes advances upon the preceding in astronomy, chemistry, and 
other departments of science, so Gall and Spurzheim have discovered 
only the landmarks of this science, leaving much to be filled up by 
us and those who come after us. 

THE MATRIMONIAL ADAPTATION. 

The Love Tastes of men and women differ even more than their 
other tastes. " What is one's meat is another's poison." One man 
likes, another dislikes, the same qualities in the same woman, and 
thus of women. This natural law governs these tastes : those in 
either extreme in any respect love those best who are in an opposite 
extreme, while those who are medium in any quality affiliate best 
with those who are near themselves. Thus very large men love small 
women, and small men large women, while average men like average 
women best, yet can affiliate with either large, medium, or small ; 
and so of women. Bright red hair prefers jet black, while medium 
can love medium, or black, or red ; and thus of curls. Tall persons 
should marry short, and slim, stocky ; while those medium in height 
may marry either or medium. Those having prominent noses and 
retiring chins and foreheads should select straight profiles, square 
faces, and high and wide foreheads, and large noses medium or small, 
Roman, pug, etc. 

The impulsive love the calm, yet those who are neither may select 
either; and thi3 principle applies to all the phrenological faculties* 
See this whole subject of adaptations and the sexual relations thor- 
oughly discussed in the author's work on " Sexual Science and Resto- 
ration, or Manhood, Womanhood, Love, Selection, Courtship, Married 
Life, Reproduction, Paternity, Maternity, Puberty, Sexual Ailmerts, 
Beauty, etc. To know your matrimonial adaptation is so important 
that we append to our table a column for its record. Suit yourself 
as to those conditions unmarked, but select one near those marked 






CONTENTS. 



PA6I 

DEFINITION AND PROOFS OF PHRENOLOGY .... 1 
Illustrated by Cuts, No. 102. — Grouping of Organs; No. 103. 
— Human Skull; No. 104. — Snake; No. 105. — Turtle; 
No. 106. — Hyena, side \iew; No. 107. — Hyena, back 
view; No. 108. — Bear, top view; No. 109. — Bear, back 
view; No. 110. — Sheep, top view; No. 111. — Rabbit, side 
view; No. 112 — Fox, side view; No. 113. — Ichneumon, 
side view; No. 114. — Ichneumon, back view; No. 115. — 
Cat, back view; No. 116. — Cat, side view; No. 117. — 
Tiger, top view; No. 118. — Owl; No. 119. — Hawk; No. 
120. — Hen ; No. 121. — Crow; No. 122. — Intelligent Mon- 
key; No. 123. — Orang-Outang; No 124. — African; No. 
125.— Indian Chief; No. 123. —Bacon; No. 127. —Idiot. 
Hereditary Organism as affecting Mentality .... 

Cuts, No. 128. — Fanny Forester; No. 129. — Emerson, an 
Idiot. 
Health — Its Value, Conditions, and Restoration . 

Learn and obey the Health Laws 

Existing States of Health and its Improvement . 

The Temperaments 

Classification and Definitions 

The Vital Temperament 

Cut No. 130. — William G. Hall. 

The Lungs — Breathing 

The Circulation 

Alimentation 

The Motive or Muscular Temperament . 

Cits, No. 131. — Alexander Campbell; No. 132. — Phincas 
Stevens No- 133. — Fanny Forester. 

The Mental Temperament 

A Well-balanced Temperament 41 

Cut No. 134. — Washington. 
Homogeneousness, or Oneness of Structure ..... 43 

1. Prominence indicates Power . . 45 

2. Breadth, as indicating Animality . • • • .45 

3. Activit}' as indicated by Length ...... 4£ 

Cut No. 135. — Captain E. Knight 



15 



18 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 



33 



CONTENTS. 173 

PAOI 

4. Exc'tability indicated by Sharpness . 47 

The Poetic, or Long and Sharp Form . • .49 

Cut No. 136. — William Cullen Bryant. 
Resemblance between Men and Animals . . . 50 

Cuts, No. 137. —Daniel Webster, the Lion Faca; No. 138.— 
Tristam Burges, the Eagle. 
Beautiful, Homely, and other Forms . .... 52 

Intonations as expressing Character 53 

Color and Texture of Hair, Skin, Beard, etc. .... 54 

Redness and Paleness of Face 56 

Phrenological Signs of Character and Talents .... 57 
Cuts, No. 139. — Washington Irving; No. 140. — A Conceited 
Simpleton. 
THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES, THEIR ANALYSIS AND 

CLASSIFICATION 62 

The Social Group, or Family Affections .... 66 

1. Amativeness 66 

Cuts, No. 141. — Aaron Burr; No. 142. — Infant. 

2. Conjugality 72 

3. Parental Love 73 

Cuts, No. 143. — The Devoted Mother; No. 144. — The Un- 
motherly. 

4. Friendship 76 

5. Inhabitiveness • • • . . 79 

Cut No. 145. —Clay, the Patriot. 

6. Continuity 80 

Cut No. 146. — Rev. Dr. Bush. 

Selfish Propensities 82 

7. Vitstiveness 83 

8. Combativeness 85 

Cut No. 147. — Very Large. 

9. Destructiveness 87 

Cuts, No. 148. — Black Hawk; No. 149. — Root-eating Indian. 

10. Alimentiveness 90 

Cuts, No. 150. — King Louis XIV.; No. 151. — A Poor 

Feeder. 
Bib^tiveness or Aquativeness 92 

11. Acquisitiveness 9S 

Cuts No. 152. — William Teller; No. 153. — Mr. Gosse. 

12. Secretiveness M 

Cuts. No. 154. — Large ; No. 155. — Small. 

13. Cautiousness 99 

Cuts, No. 156. — Deacon Terry; No. 157. — Charles XII. of 
Sweden. 

14. Approbativeness ... ..... 103 

Cut No. 158. — The Proud Youth. 



174 CONTENTS. 

PAGl 

15. Self-esteem • . . • - 105 

1G. Firmness 108 

Cut No. 159. — Dr. Caldwell. 

Moral Sentiments 110 

Cuts, No. 160 —Rev. Dr. Tyng; No. 161.— Hagarty, Mur- 
derer. 

17. Conscientiousness 11] 

Cuts, No. 162. — Very Large; No. 163. — Very Small. 

18. Hope 115 

10. Spirituality 117 

20- Veneration 119 

Cuts, No. 164. — Diana Waters; No. 165. —A Negro Mur- 
uerer. 

21 Benevolence 122 

Cuts, No. 166. — Mr. Gosse; No. 167. — Judas, Jr. 
Thk Self-perfecting Group 124 

22. Constructiveness 125 

Cuts, No. 168. — Jacob Jordan; No. 169. — Lord Liverpool. 

23. Ideality 127 

Cut No. 170. — Clytie. 

24. Sublimity .« 129 

25. Imitation . . 130 

Cuts, No. 171. — Clara Fisher; No. 172. — Jacob Jems. 

26. Mirthfulness 132 

Cuts, No. 173. — Laurence Sterne-, No. 174. — Indian Chief. 

Intellectual Faculties 135 

The Perceptive Faculties 136 

27. Individuality .... 137 

Cuts, No. 175. — Ephraim Byram ; No 1 .76. — Deacon Seth 
Terry. 

28. Form 139 

Cuts, No. 177. — Rubens; No. 178. — Jacob Jordan. 

29/ Size 141 

30. Weight ... ...'.... 142 

31. Color ... 143 

32. Order 144 

33. Calculation 14$ 

Cuts, No. 179. —Mathematician; No. 180. — Geo. Combe. 

34. Locality 147 

Literary Faculties • . .148 

35. Eventuality 149 

Cuts, No. 181. — Large; No. 182. — Small. 

36. Time. — 37. Tune.— 38. Language 15 i 

Cuts, No. 18-3. — Charles Dickens; No. 184.— Brunei. 

Reflective or Rkammsixg Faculties 15<? 

39. Causality — 40. Comparison. — 41. Human Nature. — 42. 

Agreeableness . . 162 



ROF.O.S. FOWLER'S REVISED WORKS. 

COMPLETE IN TWO VOLUMES. 

"Human Science; or, Phrenology; its Principles, Proofs, Faculties, 
Organs, Temperaments, Combinations, Conditions, Teachings, Philosophies, 
&c. ; applied to Health; its Value, Laws, Functions, Organs, Means, 
Preservation, Restoration, &c. ; Mental Philosophy, Human and Self- 
Improvement, Civilization, Home, Country, Commerce, Rights, Duties, 
Ethics, &c. ; God, His Existence, Attributes, Laws, Works, Worship, Nat- 
ural Theology, fee. ; Immortality, its Evidences, Conditions, Relations to 
Time, Rewards, Punishment, Sin, Faith, Prayer, &c. ; Intellect, Memory, 
Juvenile and Self-Education, Literature, Mental Discipline, the Senses, 
Sciences, Arts, Avocations, a Perfect Life, &c, &c." * 

Man, Know Thyself, is the motto for the race ! Anthropology is univer- 
sal philosophy; because man is the epitome of the universe; while Men- 
tality is the ultimate of man : therefore mental philosophy is the summary 
of all science, of all utility. Its study shows how to live; resolves all the 
problems of humanity ; reveals those mental fountains from which all feel- 
ings and actions emanate ; discloses the perfect man, and thereby shows all 
communities, all individuals, just wherein and how far each conforms thereto, 
and departs therefrom; and must therefore soon become the great study of 
the race, and so remain, " till time shall be no longer." 

This Standard Work on Phrenology, by unfolding its principles, clas- 
sifying its facts, giving its history and recent discoveries and improvements, 
embodying the gist of all its previous writings, and being a repository of 
whatever is known concerning it, becomes an unequalled public and per- 
sonal benefaction none can afford to ignore. Reader, your soul, that sen- 
tient entity which alone enjoys, suffers, lives forever, constitutes existence, 
and is Jehovah's crowning work, deserves your supreme attention. Should 
and would you not analyze its component parts, and learn how their united 
action creates all your ever-varying functions, capacities, and virtues? Is 
examining a complicated machine anything, and is studying you own wonder- 
working mind nothing? What knowledge is a tithe as valuable as self' 
knowledge? What other can be turned to a hundredth part as good prac- 
tical account? Is Nature a blank to you, and human nature a barren 
waste? Your inner selfhood is unfolded only in this work. 

Its original theories of organic formation, showing how all structures 
become adapted to the specific requirements of each; of pain and punish- 
ment as necessarily remedial; of that motive power which propels the blood, 
heavenly bodies, &c. ; of domestic architecture, the octal vs. decimal arith- 
metical system, &c, merit attention. In short, it combines a complete ex- 
position of all the departments of man's body and mind, in one collective 
whole, and, with " Sexual Science," embodies all the works, writings, re- 
flections, Dbservations, and professional experiences of half a century, on 
four generations, of its Author, revised, enlarged, systematized, and con- 
densed into one comprehensive work, amply illustrated by over two hundred 
eye-teaching engravings, which enable amateurs to commence and prosecute 
this study without further aid ; yet it also elaborates its philosopnies. and 
applies all to self and juvenile culture, and a perfect life, — ends how 
infinitely exalted! It naturally subdivides itself into six parts. 

* All my Chart-marked patrons, by transferring their markings to its table, c«ra 
road their characters, in full, and learn irom it how to cultivate themselves and chil- 
dren. 



PART I. The Organism, discusses man's organic relations generally, 
including the fundamental principles of life: the construction of the mind 
and brain; the principles, proofs, facts, and history of Phrenology ; the 
Temperaments, &c, as seen in its following 

Synopsis. Value of life. Amount of happiness possible to all. Its 
improvement. Enjoying life as we go. Mind makes the man. Self- 
acting, natural laws, which are divine commands, cause all happiness, all 
suffering, and should be studied. All pain curative. All functions mani- 
fested by organs. All organic states similarly affect their functions. 
Body, brain, and mind in reciprocal sympathy. Bodily impairments 
create sinful proclivities. Materialism. Normal, abnormal, and harmo- 
nious action. 

Phrenology and its Faculties defined. The brain, and its structure. 
The organ of the mind and body. Composed of separate organs. Size 
indicates power. Human and animal brains contrasted. Insanity. Mag- 
netism. All shapes indicate character. How each faculty was discovered. 
Attestations. Objections. Organic quality. Mind shapes body. Form 
indicates the three temperaments — Vital, Motive, and Mental. Their com- 
binations. Signs of character — complexion, eyes, beauty, walk, resem- 
blance to animals, &c. Self-culture. Proportion the great law. Use 
strengthens. Self-knowledge. How to excite faculties, &c. 

PART II. Health. Life's first pre-requisite. Amount attainable. 
Bestorable. A duty. Sickness sinful. Life's functions. Vitality first. 
The Will cure. Respiration. Oxygen. Doubled by diaphragm breathing. 
The lungs. Ventilation. Blue veins. Stooping. Breathing propels the 
blood. The breath cure. Prevention and cure of consumption. Food. 
Appetite and smell should select it. Man omnivorous. Cookery. Un- 
leavened bread. Fruits, sweets, pastry, milk, &c. Mastication, quantity, 
&c. The digestive process. Stomach and liver. Constipation, prolapsus, 
dyspepsia, how caused and cured, &c. Fluids. The blood. Drinks. 
Soft water. Tea, coffee, alcoholic, and malt liquor hankerings, and their 
cure. Tobacco. The heart, kidneys, glands, excretions, &c. The skin. 
Animal Heat. Fire, clothes, the feet. Colds, and their cure, &c. Slelp, 
its uses, times, promotion, &c. Bones, muscles, the exercise cure, &c. 
Nerves. Insanity, and its cure. Hydropathy, electropathy, cold pat hy, sun 
and earth pathies, &c. Cure of asthma, inflammations, rheumatism, neural- 
gia, burns, w T ounds, tumors, &c. Healthy women. 21 Health rules. 
What is as practically important, throughout all the pursuits of life, as a 
good, sound constitution, that base of all terrestrial functions and enjoy- 
ments? What are riches and honors, what is even life itself, without 
health? What is the value of a robust family over a sickly one? And 
how horrible is premature death! Learn in Part II. how to secure the for- 
mer, and avoid the latter. 

PART III. The Self-Caking Propensities. Analysis, location, de- 
scription, and culture of Acquisition, Secretion, Destruction, Force, Love, 
Parental Affection, Friendship, Inhabitiveness, Continuity, Caution, Ambi- 
tion, Dignity, and Firmness, with observations as to economy, commerce, 
railroads, insurance, fortunes, policy, self-defence, polygamy, rearing chil- 
dren, patriotism, home and its improvement, the gravel wall and octagon 
modes of building, cheap cisterns, care of self, a good name, aristocracy, 
credit, self-respect, perseverance, &c. 

PART IV. Man's Moral Nature proves a God, and immortality; 
and discloses a new system of moral philosophy, ethics, religion, and 
theology. 

Did all that is come by chance? or exists there, in very truth, a 
God, the great Creator and Governor of this magnificent universe? 
And if aye, what of His attributes, government, works, worship, and the 



3 

allegiance due from man to his Maker? That is, "What is the true The- 
ology? 

Is Death our last? or is man indeed immortal? And if so, what of that 
immortality? Are this life and that to come antagonistic? And if so. should 
we sacrifice the pleasures of this to those of that, or those of that for those of 
this? Or are both so interrelated that whatever promotes or curtails the 
pleasures of either, thereby similarly affects the other also? And if so, what 
life is best for us, both here and hereafter? 

Is Man naturally Depraved? And if he is, are there any antidotes, or 
even palliatives? Must he be born again? What of Faith, Prayer, Worship, 
Kites, Sin, Forgiveness, the Resurrection, &c. ? 

These and like problems, O man, which have puzzled the race throughout 
all ages, are among the most practically important mankind can ever ask or 
answer; because there impinge upon them eventualities so much farther reach- 
ing, and more momentous, than upon any others whatsoever, that it becomes 
us, as intelligent, self-interested beings, to obtain answers so absolutely 
reliable that we can well afford to live and die by them. 

Man's Moral Faculties solve these and all kindred problems scientifically 
and certainly; because they are adapted to, and put man in relation with, all 
the moral and religious principles and truths of the entire universe; so that, 
if there is a God, and if man is immortal, his moral faculties will be adapted 
to both; and if they are thus adapted, a God and an immortality certainly 
do exist. In short, Phrenology, in their analysis, unfolds all their rela- 
tions and dependencies, together with all those ranges of truths they involve; 
and thus becomes a complete storehouse of moral and religious truths; 
besides unfolding a perfect system of natural Theology. Please scan its 
following 

Synopsis. Man created with moral and religious faculties. These have 
their laws : which render Religion an exact, demonstrative natural science ; 
and the same forever. Conflicting sects prove each other's erroneousness. 
This moral group, located above all else, does and should control human char- 
acter and destiny ; and joins, and should be exercised with reason. Our 
religious faculties are our teachers and text-book. Each of us should be our 
own priest and prophet. 

Man's Worshipping Nature presupposes and proves that a God exists to 
be worshipped, just as his eating faculty implies food. All are born worship- 
ful; therefore all are solemnly bound to worship. Devotion yields our richest 
pleasures, and sanctifies all our other enjoyments. All should study and obey 
God in His woi'ks and natural laws. Loving Him renders us like Him. 
Prayer benefits us, not Him. How it is answered. Religious creeds, rites, 
Sunday, &c. Sects accounted for. A new sect proposed. Analysis of the 
Divine attributes. The true Theology, &c. 

Spirituality proves immortality, by adapting man to it; so does progres- 
sion, general and individual; it does Hope, by expecting it. Age ripens, 
improves, and fits us for a spiritual existence. The origin of life, and even 
death itself, prove a life to come. This life merges into that. All our 
faculties here continue there, and have kindred objects. All we do and are 
here, affect us forever; just as our youthful conduct influences all after life. 
Memory there must recall every little event here. Life is a system of causes 
which produce eternal effects. Little things here cause great effects there. 
What causes here effect what results there. 

'• Ministering Angels." Communing with departed spirits. Forewarn- 
ings, visions, dreams, &c. How " special providences" are effected. Tctal 
depravity. Its origin, and obviation. Death, life's crowning blessing. 
A luxury to be craved, not evil to be dreaded. Kills all organic ills 
and vices. The Resurrection. Phrenology guides to a perfect life here 
3Hd hereafter. 



Conscience renders right- and wrong inherent. All right self-rewarding; 
all wrong, self-punishing, by natural law, irrespective of faith, prayer, and 
persons. All suffering remedial, and will ultimately reform all. All evils 
produce good. Penitence due, knplies forgiveness, stops further sin and suf- 
fering, and exalts morality. The Law of Love. Charity a duty. Blessed 
to give. The teachings of Phrenology harmonize with those of Christ. 
Summary application of this whole subject. 

This purely scientific exposition of these and kindred subjects, from 
the constitution of the human mind, merits attention from all Christians, 
infidels, and savants. Is religion a myth to be ignored? Is Jehovah to be 
neglected? Are His works and worship, character and laws, an unheeded 
fleeting cloud? Is the study of your own moral constitution dry? No human 
investigations at all equal in utility and inherent interest, those of the moral 
constitution of the universe, of the fundamental principles of religion, and of 
the Divine attributes and commands. Learn in Part IV. that a Supreme 
Ruler over all really does exist, and the true theology, and that immortality is 
a veritable reality; that our " future state, is not hidden, not even beclouded; 
that as Moses from Pisgah's towering heights could discern Canaan's hills and 
vales," lakes and rivers, so we can diagnose, scientifically, " the land we're 
going to," even in detail. 

PART V. — Intellect — Memory, reason, and their culture — analyzes, 
and shows how to cultivate, our senses and intellectual faculties ; describes 
each in five different degrees of power, together with their combinations; 
shows how to conduct juvenile and self-education, musical, scientific, 
scholastic, conversational, &c. ; and develop intellect, that highest depart- 
ment of man. 

Memory is a most valuable possession. What rent could not lawyers, 
business men, scholars, everybody well afford to pay, to be enabled to recall 
and apply all they ever knew ! How many daily losses, consequent on a poor 
memory, would a good one convert into gains ! By disclosing Nature's 
true educational principles, parents, teachers, and individuals are here 
shown how to advance their own and children's mental culture many times 
faster than now. 

Reason and sense are still more valuable; while learning, eloquence, and 
the other intellectual endowments are scarcely less so. In short, mind con- 
trols matter. Knowledge is power. Reason is man's constitutional guide and 
governor in all things. Those alone may justly exalt who install sense as 
their ruler. Mental discipline is man's highest attainment ; because it crowns 
all others. Teaching men the natural laws and the consequences of their 
obedience and infraction, enlists their very self-interest in leading right lives. 
Study, that you may discipline intellect and strengthen memory. What 
pleasures surpass those derived from reading and studying Nature, her law* 
and facts, philosophies and truths? Admeasure the value and pleasure of i 
strong and cultivated mind, over one dull and ignorant, and learn in Part V. 
how to realize them all. 

These and kindred subjects, on man, go right home to your very life 
centre. One life alone is yours to enjoy, and improve. By all its value, do 
learn to make the very most out of every single one of its many powers and 
functions. Here, but nowhere else, can you find their analysis, with spe- 
cific directions for their right exercise and culture, and warnings against 
their wrongs. JS T o other reading, no other means, will equally improve 
your entire being, mental and physical, now and forever. The vast range 
of human interests here discussed, entitles it to the patronage of all Phrenol- 
ogists, Philanthropists, Philosophers, parents, and whoever would improve 
themselves. 

Both works can be had after each lecture, at his rooms, and by remitting 
a $4 P. O. order, for each in muslin, #5 for leather, to 0. S. Fowler, 514 1 
Tremont Street, Boston, Mass. Agents wanted. 



FOWLER ON SEXUAL SCIENCE AND RECUPERATION; 

Or. Manhood, Womanhood, and their Mutual Inter-relations ; Love, its 
Laws, Tower, &c. ; Selection, or Mutual adaptation; Courtship, or Love 
Making; Married Life made happy; Reproduction, and Progenal En- 
dowment, or Paternity, Maternity, Bearing, Nursing, and Rearing Chil- 
dren ; Puberty, Girlhood, &c. ; Sexual Aliments restored, and Female 
beauty perpetuated, &c., as taught by Phrenology. 

A right male and female life constitutes the master problem, as yet 
unsolved, of every human being. " Sexual Science " expounds this prob- 
lem, and thereby utters a divine mandate to lovers, the married, and prospec- 
tive parents, to learn and fulfil Nature's sexual laws. No other knowledge 
is equally important, because no other duties are as imperious ; nor is igno- 
rance of any other equally fatal. Reader, would not such knowledge have 
converted your own present sexual or marital sufferings into enjoyments? 
By expounding and applying Nature's sexual ordinances to these subjects, 
among many other kindred ones which it discusses, does it not go right 
liome to the heads and hearts of all who have either? 

PART L Manhood and Womanhood, or the constituent elements of 
male and female perfection. Dignity and utility of sexual knowledge. 
Reproduction. Nature's paramount work. " Each after its own kind," 
throughout every minute particular of body, mind, instinct, everything. 
Sexual attraction its means. Love confers procreative capacity and con- 
jugal talents. Is located at the seat of physical life, and apex of every 
menial organ. Is in sympathetic rapport with every iota of all, that it may 
transmit all to progeny. Gender wields supreme control over the voice, 
walk, dance, beauty, complexion, eyes, courage, talents, temper, spirits, 
morals, happiness, and every element of body and mind. A right sexual 
state impairs, a wrong crushes, the entire being. Hybrids show what parts 
are derived from the male, and what from the female. What each sex likes 
and dislikes in the other, and why. Woman loves originality, power, firm- 
ness, courage, passion, &c, in man, but dislikes their converse, because the 
male originates life, and most things human, and confers these elements on 
offspring; while man loves purity, exquisiteness, affection, maternal love, 
piety, taste, prudence, ton, &c, in woman, because mothers stamp these 
attributes on children. How all women can obtain much more than 
their " rights." How ladies and gentlemen should treat each other. 
Signs of a strong and weak, healthy and impaired, sexuality. Male and 
female forms contrasted and criticised. Only maternal excellences create 
female beauty. Why men admire the female bust. Analysis of the 
fashions, &c. 

PART II. Love. Its analysis in all its different aspects. Its magic 
power over the entire being. Its right state improves, but wrong impairs, 
the form, walk, countenance, muscles, circulation, health, longevity, ex- 
pression, tones, laugh, manners, mental faculties, energy, industry, ambi- 
tion, self-trust, morals, hopes, worship, kindness, taste, wit, memory, 
music, language, sense, agreeableness, — every function of body and mind. 
Makes or breaks all. Is life's " master passion." Marrtage is its nat- 
ural sphere. Pairing innate. Mating before twenty-one for women, and 
twenty-three for men, a solemn duty. Its poor substitute. Old-bachelor- 
ism, old-maidism, and their excuses. One love vs. free-^ve. Marriage 



6 

creates families and homes. All sexual vices originate in disappointed or 
perverted love. How to moralize young men, heal " broken hearts," re- 
deem sexual sinners, restore one's own self to purity, &c. Seducers most 
accursed. Self-abuse, its prevalence, and terrible effects. It exhausts, 
inflames, unsexes and destroys the entire body and mind. Is as sinful as 
fornication. Its prevention by knowledge, conscience, commingling of the 
sexes, &c. Boys and girls, mixed schools, fathers and daughters, mothers 
and sons, brothers and sisters, ladies and gentlemen, public and parlor 
amusements, &c. 

PAKT III. Selection, or the natural laws of sexual attraction and re- 
pulsion. Founding a family. Nature's true time to mate and wed. Sim- 
ilar and different ages. A right choice life's casting: die. Mutual rights 
of parents and children in their own and each other's selection. Self the 
final umpire. Courtship's first stage. General marital pre-requisites. 
Healthy vs. invalid, and housekeeping vs. fashionable, consorts. Wealth 
vs. worth. A poor man vs. a rich thing. Habits, temperance, sexuality, 
&c. Marrying cousins. What traits each requires in the other. Superb 
offspring the determining condition. When and why those similar, and 
dissimilar, should, and must not, marry. Combining the greatest aggregate 
number and amount of excellences. How to find one thus adapted. Phre- 
nology aids a right choice. Intuition. The proposal, acceptance, and 
vow. Parental consent, relatives, elopements, dismissals, breaches of 
promise, &e. 

PART IV. Courtship, its fatal errors and right management. None 
should love until engaged. Loving is marrying. Love-spats. Flirtations. 
Liberties. Presents. Disclosing faults. Day vs. night, and Sunday even- 
ing courtships. Sudden loves. Eight courtship. Its first pre-requisite. 
Duration, &c. 

PART. V. Married Life. Establishing a perfect love. The wedding, 
honey-moon, honey-marriage, first year, &c. Love-making rules. 1. Be 
perfect gentlemen and ladies. 2. Mould and he moulded. 3. Co-operate 
in all things. 4. Promote each other's happiness. 5. Nurture each other'? 
affections more than during courtship. Discords, their amount, causes, 
and obviation. Toleration. Burying old bones, &c. Divorces. When, 
and when not, allowable, &c. 

PART VI. Reproduction. The ultimate end of everything sexual. 
Intercourse its only means. Its governing condition. All temporary pa- 
rental states transmitted. Platonic love the great pre-requisite. J t creates 
the mind. Love and intercourse mutual concomitants; therefore marrying 
one while loving another is double adultery. Love and the sexual organism 
in sympathetic rapport. Female passion necessary. It inspires man. 
Why intercourse without it becomes insipid, injurious, and most infuriating. 
Its promotion by health, love, &c. Amorous husbands and passive wives, 
reproved. Woman may control her own person. Conjugal rapes. What 
creative states promote, and what prevent, parental pleasure, and progenal 
endowment. Promiscuosity. Frequency. Advice to those just married. 
Matual adaptation of the sexes. The life-germ; its creation, progress, 
wants, and their supply. The female creative office. The womb, and its 
appendages. The ovum, and its fecundation. Pre-determining the sex. 
Twins and triplets. Promoting and preventing conception. Barrenness, 
onanism. &c, &c. 

PART VII. Maternity, and childbirth. The effects, on offspring, of 
different antenatal states. Ishmael, Samuel, Samson, Christ, Jjinies I., 
Bonaparte, the giant maniac, &e. Why children should be loved before 
their birth, bad tempered ones be pitied, &c. Diseases, marks, hydro- 
cephalus, &c, their causes, and preventives. Intercourse during preg- 
jancy. Maternal vitality, sleep, food, breathing, tight-lackig, exercise, 
&ar, fortitude, inanity, culture, &c. The first six months, and last three. 



' How to render.children natural divines, poets, scholars, thinkers, business 
men. artists, &c Maternity should take precedence. Pregnancy healthy. 
Rendering childbirth easy by health, muscular culture, resolution, water 
treatment, &c. What forms may. and must not, intermarry. Drugging, 
bleeding, milk sickness, prompting lactation, &c. 

Part VIII. Child-bearing, its laws and details. Modern education 
empirical. Value of infants. Their nursing, " complaints," teething, worms, 
scarlet fever, crying, we an in sr, diet, habits, sleep, ablution, clothing, going 
barefoot, schooling, &c. Their nutritive, muscular, and growing epochs. 
Play, and playmates. Precocity. Governing them by moral suasion vs. the 
roil. Directing will, not crushing it. Example vs. precept. Patience vs. 
scolding. Love the mother's magic wand, &e. 

Part IX. Sexual Recuperation". The amount, causes, and cures of 
sexual disorders. Right and wrong love states. Continence. Seminal 
losses. Prematurity. Impotence. Aversions. Health habits, exercise, &c. 
Local applications of water, electricity, &c. Female complaints, their causes 
and cures. Girlhood. Right and wrong merging into woma/ihood. Sexual 
inertia. Female ruination, misnamed education. Abortion, and sexual 
frauds. Prolapsus, its effects and cure. Visceral manipulations. Fluor 
albus. Miscarriages, and their prevention. Menstruation, its office and 
promotion. Surplus fat, and labored breathing, their causes and cures. 
Barrenness, its causes and obviation. Female beauty. Its conditions. A full 
bust. How lost, and regained. Rules for promoting sexual vigor. Concluding 
appeal. 

Reader, can you get a tithe as much life-long value with the same money, 
as by procuring this volume? Your social and sexual nature literally con- 
trols your entire being. Three great ends impinge upon it : sexual perfection, 
conjugal happiness, and perfect children. What other human good equals 
either ? Let all tremble in view of the magic power wielded by gender over 
the whole being, and here learn how to escape all its evils, and enjoy all its 
benefits. In the language of its preface, — 

" Reader, go none of these subjects right home to the very heart's core of 
your inner life ? Have you no masculine or feminine nature to study, direct, 
nurture, enjoy, or recuperate? Have you neither conjugal mate, nor any 
tender yearnings for some loved one to inspire hope, incite to effort, share 
life's joys and sorrows, and tread with you the pathways of earth and heaven ? 
Have you no children, and no wish for any, to inherit your mentality and 
physiology, as well as patrimony? to do and to care for? and to care and 
do for you? to close your eyes in death? and after it to repeat your virtues? 
In fine, are you listless, aimless, forlorn driftwood, left by the ebbing current 
of time, sinking and decaying in the mire of inanity; none caring for you, 
and you for none? For if not all these, and much more, then should the 
snbj 'set-matter of this volume stir your soul to its innermost depths, and 
sweep whatever life chords remain unpalsied within you. Nothing else lies 
quite as near the focal centre of human existence as do our affections ; and 
this treatise will show all how to derive from them the most enjoyment 
possible, with the least suffering. It assumes all the dignities and immuni- 
ties of a thoroughly scientific and purely philosophical treatise on the whole 
subject of man's domestic, social, and sexual constitution and relations. 
Where have they ever before been discussed thus collectively . ? " 

All O. S. Fowler's Works and Writings are embraced in these two 
volumes, which, together, constitute a complete exposition of human nature, 
physical, passional, sentimental, affectional, moral, and intellectual. 

It can be had after each lecture, or at his rooms, and also by remitting a 
$4 P. O. order, for muslin, and $5 for leather, to O. S. Fowler, 514 Tremont 
Street, Boston, Mass. Published only by subscription. Agents wanted. 



SEXUALITY RESTORED. 

Mothers Read. Sons need. All tfeed Warning. Advice to loath. 

A Secret Sin is unmanning, paralyzing, and ruining most of" our boys* 
and unsexing many girls. No other human vice or disease is causing a tithe 
as much nervous prostration, or sexual dilapidation and suffering, as is 
self-pollution. It is the great EVIL of modern times. Many commence 
it before six. Its universality, and its terrible effects, should rouse all parents 
to save their dear children. MOTHERS, Nature has made you the 
special guardians over your darling sons' sexual purity. If they sin, too 
are guilty. You absolutely must forewarn and save them somehow. 
And your best means is by giving them this pamphlet, containing, besides 
much other matter, 

Warning and Advice to Youth, by Prof. O. S. Fowler, 
Phrenologist, whose name guarantees its value. It sets forth the evils and 
sinfulness of this suicidal habit so fully and forcibly as to save every youthful 
reader; besides teaching and inspiring them to heed and love their 
mothers. Young men and women, each and all, sexual vigor and perfection, 
or how to become A PERFECT MAN OR WOMAN, is your very greatest 
life acquisition. AW who suffer from youthful errors —and who does not? — 
can learn in this book what mighty power gender wields over the entire being; 
how to make and apply all needed remedies without a doctor's expense or 
exposure; and do all that can be done to restore lost manliness and womanli- 
ness — worth more than all Astor's millions! It also contains a vast amount 
of sexual truth nowhere else presented. 

It contains 158 octavo pages ; and though worth its weight in gold, costs 
only 75 cents. 

'• Offspring " contains the above, with over 100 pages of additional matter, 
embracing also the laws and conditions of sexual intercourse. Both are 
embodied in Sexual Science. Price, $1.00. 

FOWLER ON MATERNITY. 

Woman should have a hand-book of instruction and advice as to her 
specific maternal functions ; female beauty, its perpetuity and restoration; 
her special ailments, their causes, cures, prevention, &c, &c. 

Three Passions constitute female existence — Personal Beauty, masculine 
Love, and darling Children ; all dependent on one single condition, universally 
overlooked, which is here expounded, but nowhere else. 

Husbands, Fathers, brothers, lovers, all who have, or ever may have, a 
wife, daughter, sister, or sweetheart, or are any way interested in the female 
sex, also require this knowledge. Such a work is here proffered. It treats 
scientifically the following among other subjects : — 

Maternity, the vestibule of all life. Saeredness of Ci Mother." Why all should love 
and care for her. Woman's special organism. Its offices, structure, appendages, <kc, 
illustrated by appropriate engravings. The eggs, their creation and transit. Illustrated. 
The life GERM. Its need, and supply of abode, warmth, food, &c. The female excre- 
tion, its philosophy, importance, suppression, promotion, &e. Surplus fat, its cause 
and prevention. The feminine form. Illustrated. Why female beauty is beautiful, and 
how to promote it. The female bust, and its improvement. Why men love if. Com- 
plexion. Youthful looks retained. Fashion. Female health. Infantile mortality, 
and its prevention. All maternal states affect progenal character forever. Ishmael, Sam- 
son, Samuel, Mary, Bonaparte, James, &c. How io endow children with special talents. 
Deformities, their causes and prevention. What states are best. Need of husbands' 
sympathy. Agreeable surroundings. Confinement made easy. Nursing. How to 
keep infants heaithy and quiet. Female Ailments. Their causes, cures, &c. Girls. 
The two female crises, &c, &c. 

Woman, go not all these infinitely important subjects right home to your 
very life centre? Can you afford to forego their scientific exposition? O, 
how many naturally splendid women are spoiled for life, and lose their 
darling babes, just for want of this information, obtainable nowhere else! 
It will benefit daughters more than schooling. Its anatomical knowledge 
is worth many times its cost. 

Price 75 cents. All three can be had at his lectures and rooms, and by 
addressing O. S. FOWLER, 514 Tremont St., Boston, Mass. 




By PROFESSOR O. S. FOWLER. 

It is high time woman had a hand-book of instruct 

tion and advice as to her specific maternal functions, 

, female beauty, its perpetuity and restoration ; her 

special ailments, their causes, cures, prevention, etc., 

etc. 

Husbands, fathers, brothers, lovers, all who have or 
ever may have a wife, daughter, sister, or sweetheart, or are 
any way interested in the female sex, also require this sort of 
knowledge. Such a work is now proffered to the public. It 
treats scientifically the following among other subjects : — 

Maternity the vestibule of all life. Sacredness of " Mother." 
Why all should love and care for her. Woman's special organ- 
ism. Its offices, structure, appendages, etc., illustrated by ap- 
propriate engravings. The eggs, their creation and transit. 
Illustrated. The life germ. Its need, and supply, of abode, 
warmth, food, etc. The female excretion, its philosophy, im- 
portance, suppression, promotion, etc. Surplus fat, its cause 
and prevention. The feminine form. Illustrated. Why fe- 
male beauty is beautiful, and how to promote it. Why men 
love it. The feminine bust, and its improvement. Complex- 
ion. Youthful looks retained. Fashion. Female health. 
Infantile mortality, and its prevention. All maternal states 
affect progenal character forever. Ishmael, Samson, Samuel, 
Mary, Bonaparte, James, etc. How to endow children with 
special talents. Deformities, their causes and prevention. 
What states are best for both. Mothers need husbands' sym- 
pathy. Agreeable surroundings. Confinement made easy. 
Nursing. How to keep infants healthy and quiet. Female 
ailments. Their causes, cures, etc. Girls. The two female 
crises, etc., etc. 

Woman, go not all these, to you infinitely important subjects, 
right home to your very life centre ? Can you afford to forego 
their scientific exposition by a master? O how many naturally 
splendid women are spoiled for life, and lose their darling 
babes, just for want of this information, obtainable nowhere 
else? It will benefit daughters more than schooling. Its 
anatomical knowledge alone is worth many times its cost. 
As " society" now allows you to learn yourselves, let noth- 
ing prevent your procuring this work. It embraces Part VII. 
of " Sexual Science." Price 75 cents. 

O. S. FOWLER, Boston, Mass. 

-A>. £.. BANCROFT <Se CO., San Francisco, Cal. 



FOWLER'S WORKS ON MAN. 



JLIFE; its Science, Laws, Faculties, Organs, Philosophy, Functions, 
Conditions, Improvement, etc. ; including; the Organism, 
Health, Social Affections, Moral Faculties, Intellect) 
Memory, Education, etc. ; as taught by Phre- 
nology and Kindred Sciences, in three 
volumes, as follows : — 

VOL. I. - - - HEALTH. 

Its Value, Laws, Organs, Functions, Conditions, and Restoration; including 
Allopathv. Homoeopathy, Electropathy, Hydropathy, Coldpathy, Breathing- 
pathy. Fxercisepathy, Somnopathy, Laughpathy, Solarpathy, Terrapathy, VVill- 
pathy, Let-alone-pathy, and an Unknown pathy. Muslin, $2.00; Leather, $3.00. 



VOL II.--- PHRENOLOGY. 

Its Principles, Proofs, Faculties, Organs, Temperaments, Combinations, 
Teachings, etc., applied to Civilization, Self-culture, Home, Country, Com- 
merce, Rights, Duties, Religion; (J«»i>, His Attributes, Laws, Worship, etc.; 
Immortality, its Proofs, Conditions, Relations to Time, Rewards, Punish- 
ments, etc.; The Intellect, Senses, Arts, Sciences, Memory, Letters, Juve- 
nile and Self Education, Avocation, Mental Discipline, and Philosophy, etc., etc. 
Muslin, $5.00 ; Leather, $6.00. 



VOL. III. ---SEXUAL SCIENCE. 

Including Manhood, Womanhood, and their Mutual Interrelations; Love, its 
Laws, Power, etc.; Selection, or Mutual Adaptation; Courtship, or Love 
Making: Married Life made happy; Reproduction, and Progenal Endow- 
ment, or Paternity, Maternity, Bearing, Nursing, and Rearing Children; Pu- 
berty, Girlhood, etc.; Sexual Ailments cured, and Female Beauty perpetu- 
ated and. restored, etc., as taught by Phrenology. Muslin, $5.00*; Leather, 
$6.00. 



PROP. O. S. FOWLER, 

Phrenologist; Lecturer; Former Editor of "The American Phreno- 
logical Journal;" Author of " Fowler on Phrenology," on " Phys- 
iology," "Self-Culture," "Memory," "Religion," "Matrimony," 
" Off-pring, and their Endowment," " Hereditary Descent," " Love 
and Parentage," k * Maternity," " Amaliveness,"'" Sexual Science," 
" Health," " Temperance," " The Self-Instructor," " Home for 
All," " Cheap Cisterns," "Answers to Hamilton, Vindex," etc., 
etc. 

Terms. — Vols. I. and TIL can be sent at once, and Vol. II. in October. 
Price of the entire series, $12.00 muslin; $15.00 leather. P. O. orders preferred. 
A.gents wanted. Address 

PROF. 0. S. FOWLER, 514 Tremont St. Boston, Mass, 

A. L. BANCROFT & CO., San Francisco, Cal. 



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